세계 최강의 자유표면 수치해석 소프트웨어
이 시뮬레이션은 8Hz 주파수에서 2개의 AISI 1026 강철 조각 사이의 진동 용접을 시연합니다. FLOW-3D AM을 사용하여 브리지 간격 거리에 사용되는 다양한 진동 용접 기법을 조사할 수 있습니다. 이 시뮬레이션을 실행하려면 FLOW-3D WELD가 필요합니다.
버전#: FLOW-3D v11.2와 FLOW-3D WELD가 결합됨
만든 날짜: 2020년 12월
본 사례에 대해 궁금하신 사항이 있으시면 언제든지 기술지원팀에 연락주세요.
T 조인트 용접은 두 개의 재료 조각을 서로 수직으로 놓고 용접할 때 생성됩니다. 이 예제는 펄스 레이저로 인한 알루미늄 합금 두 조각 사이의 용접 결과를 보여줍니다. 이 시뮬레이션을 실행하려면 FLOW-3D WELD가 필요합니다.
본 사례에 대해 궁금하신 사항이 있으시면 언제든지 기술지원팀에 연락주세요.
T-joint welds are created when two pieces of material are placed perpendicular to each other and welded together. This example shows the resulting weld between two pieces of aluminum alloy due to a pulsed laser. FLOW-3D WELD is required to run this simulation.
FLOW-3D@ WELD는 레이저 용접 공정에 대한 정확한 시뮬레이션 기능을 제공하여 최적화된 공정을 개발하게 합니다. 더 나은 공정 제어를 통해 기공, 열 영향 영역을 최소화하고 미세 구조 변화를 제어할 수 있습니다.
레이저 용접 프로세스를 정확하게 시뮬레이션하기 위해 FLOW-3D@ WELD는 레이저 열원, 레이저-재료 상호 작용, 유체 흐름, 열 전달, 표면 장력, 응고, 다중 레이저 반사 및 위상 변화와 같은 모든 관련 물리 모델을 제공합니다.
최근에는 뛰어난 생산성과 속도, 낮은 열 입력이 결합되어 기존의 용접 프로세스를 대체하는 레이저 용접 프로세스가 주목 받고 있습니다. 레이저 용접이 제공하는 장점은 용접강도가 좋고, 열 영향 부위가 작으며, 정밀도가 낮고 변형이 적으며, 강철, 알루미늄, 티타늄 및 이종 금속을 포함한 광범위한 금속 및 합금을 용접 할 수 있는 기능이 있습니다.
FLOW-3D@는 레이저 용접 공정에 대한 강력한 통찰력을 제공하고 궁극적으로 프로세스 최적화를 달성하는 데 도움이 됩니다.
보다 나은 프로세스 제어를 통해 기공을 최소화할 수 있습니다. 열 영향부위 및 미세조직을 제어가 가능합니다. FLOW-3D는 자유표면 추적 알고리즘을 통해 매우 복잡한 용접 POOL 시뮬레이션을 해석하는데 매우 적합합니다.
용접 모듈은 레이저 소스에 의해 생성된 Heat flux, 용융 금속에 대한 증발압력, shield gas 효과, 용융 풀의 반동압력 및 다중 레이저 반사와 같은 물리적 모델을 FLOW-3D에 적용하기 위해 개발되었습니다. 키홀 용접과 같은 현실적인 프로세스 시뮬레이션을 위해서는 모든 관련 물리적 현상을 적용하는 것이 중요합니다.
FLOW-3D는 레이저 용접의 conduction and keyhole 방식을 시뮬레이션 할 수 있습니다. 전 세계의 연구원들은 FLOW-3D를 사용하여 용접역학을 분석하고, 공정 매개 변수를 최적화하여 기공을 최소화하며, 레이저 용접공정에서의 dendrite 결정 성장 양상을 예측합니다.
한국 카이스트와 독일 BAM은 16K kW레이저를 사용하여 10mm강판에 완전 침투 레이저 용접 실험을 수행하였습니다. CCD카메라의 도움을 받아 완전 용입 레이저 용접으로 형성된 상단 및 하단 용융풀 거동을 확인할 수 있었습니다. 그들은 또한 FLOW-3D 로 용접 공정 해석으로 해석과 실험결과의 경향이 일치하는 것을 알 수 있었습니다.
General Motors, Michigan, 중국의 상하이 대학교는 용접 공정 변수, 즉 keyhole 용접에서 기공의 발생에 대해 용접 속도 및 용접 각도와 같은 공정 매개 변수가 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 협력하여 연구를 진행하였습니다.
레이저 용접된 Al 접합부 단면의 기공을 분석합니다. Keyhole이 유도 된 기공들은 유동 역학으로 인해 발생되고 균열을 일으킬 수 있습니다. 최적화 공정의 매개변수는 이러한 종류의 기공을 완화할 수 있습니다. FLOW-3D를 사용하여 연구원들은 증발 및 반동 압력, 용융풀, 온도에 따른 표면장력 및 Keyhole내의 다중 레이저 반사, 프레넬 흡수를 포함한 모든 중요한 물리적 현상을 설명했습니다.
연구진은 시뮬레이션 모델을 기반으로 Keyhole 용접에서 생성된 기공들의 주요 원인으로 불안정한 Keyhole을 규정하였습니다. 아래 이미지에서 볼 수 있듯이 뒤쪽 용융 풀의 과도한 재순환은 뒤쪽 용융 풀이 앞쪽 용융 풀 경계를 무너뜨리며 기공들을 생성시킵니다. 갇힌 공간이 증가하는 응고 전면에 의해 갇혔을때 기공들이 발생되었습니다.
용접 속도가 빠를수록 더 큰 keyhole이 생성되며 이로 인해, 보다 안정적인 keyhole이 생성됩니다. 연구진은 FLOW-3D를 사용하여 용접 속도와 용접 경사각으로 기공들의 생성을 완화시킬 수 있었습니다.
Pareekshith Allu Senior CFD Engineer | Additive Manufacturing | Laser Welding | Business Development
CFD 또는 전산 유체 역학은 수치적 방법을 사용하여 유체 흐름을 연구하는 것입니다. 유체 흐름의 기본 방정식에는 솔루션 해가 없으므로 컴퓨터를 사용하여 방정식을 반복적으로 계산하는 수치해석 방법으로 해결합니다. 일반적으로 CFD 도구는 공기 역학, 엔진 연소, 물 및 환경 흐름, 미세 유체 및 제조 공정에서 광범위한 연구 및 엔지니어링 문제에 적용될 수 있습니다. CFD가 개발에 중요한 역할을 한 기술을 매일 접할 가능성이 있습니다. FLOW-3D 소프트웨어 제품 제조업체인 Flow Science Inc.에서는 자유 표면 흐름 문제 라고하는 특수한 문제 해결에 중점을 둡니다 .
자유 표면 흐름이란 무엇입니까? 밀도 차이가 큰 두 유체간에 인터페이스가 공유되는 분야는 자유 표면 흐름입니다. 예를 들어, 기체-액체 경계면이 제한되지 않고 시간에 따라 자유롭게 움직이고 변경할 수 있다는 점에서 강의 물과 주변 공기 사이에 자유 표면이 존재합니다. FLOW-3D 솔버의 기본 DNA 인 Volume of Fluid 또는 VoF 방법 은 자유 표면의 진화를 추적하는 강력한 계산 기술입니다. 우리는 지난 40 년 동안 이 문제에 거의 전적으로 집중했습니다.
자유 표면 흐름은 제조산업 분야에서도 널리 사용됩니다. 금속 주조에서는 용융 금속과 용융 금속이 채우는 금형 또는 다이의 공기 사이에 자유 표면이 존재합니다. L-PBF ( Laser Powder Bed fusion) 라고하는 적층 제조 공정에서 레이저를 사용하여 분말 입자를 녹이고 융합하여 공정에서 자유 표면 용융 풀을 만듭니다. 그리고 레이저 용접에서는 레이저 빔에 의해 녹아서 두 개의 금속 부품 / 부품을 함께 융합 할 때 형성되는 자유 표면 용융 풀이 있습니다.
이 게시물에서는 레이저 용접 공정에 대한 CFD 시뮬레이션이 유용한 이유를 설명합니다.
레이저 기술은 지난 몇 년 동안 상당히 발전했으며 이제 다른 레이저 제조업체는 다양한 파장에서 펄싱 기능이 있는 고출력 레이저를 제공 할 수 있습니다. 레이저와 로봇 자동화 시스템, 컨트롤러 및 프로세스 센서의 통합은 다양한 제조 산업에서 사용을 확대하여 열 입력이 적고 열 영향 영역이 더 작은 레이저 용접 조인트를 가능하게합니다.
레이저-재료 상호 작용은 복잡하며이를 정확하게 모델링하려면 이러한 시간적 및 공간적 규모와 관련된 물리학을 구현해야합니다. 레이저 열원은 표면에 에너지를 축적하여 기판을 녹이고 용융 금속 풀을 만듭니다. 용융 풀은 전력, 속도 및 스캔 경로와 같은 레이저 가공 매개 변수와 용융 풀의 자유 표면에 동적 증기압을 적용하는 차폐 가스의 영향을 더 많이받습니다. 또한 용접되는 기판의 재료 특성이 중요한 역할을합니다. 용융된 풀의 상 변화와 증발은 용융 풀을 더욱 압박하는 반동 압력을 유발할 수있는 반면 표면 장력은 풀 내의 유체 대류에 영향을줍니다. 키홀 링이있는 경우 레이저 광선이 키홀 내에 갇혀 추가 반사 영향을 받을 수 있습니다. 기판에 더 많은 에너지를 전달합니다. 불안정한 키홀이 붕괴되면 갇힌 공극이 진행되는 응고 경계에 의해 포착되는 다공성 형성으로 이어질 수 있습니다.
분명히 많은 일이 진행되고 있습니다. 이것이 CFD 시뮬레이션이 강력 할 수있는 곳이며 FLOW-3D WELD를 개발할 때 레이저-재료 상호 작용을 이해하는 데 많은 노력을 기울이는 이유입니다. 자유 표면 추적 및 레이저 에너지 증착, 차폐 가스 역학, 상 변화, 반동 압력, 표면 장력, 레이저 광선 추적 및 응고와 함께 유체 및 열 흐름 방정식을 통합하는 물리 기반 모델은 레이저의 복잡한 상호 작용을 캡처하는 데 매우 정확합니다. 용접과정을 해석하는 기능은 용융 풀의 안정성에 대한 다양한 공정 매개 변수의 영향을 분리하고 엔지니어와 연구원이 용접 일정을 최적화하는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다.
CFD 시뮬레이션은 레이저 용접 프로세스를 분석하고 개선하는데 도움이되는 프레임 워크를 제공 할 수 있습니다. 불안정한 용융 풀은 키홀 유발 다공성, 파열 및 스패 터와 같은 결함을 초래할 수 있기 때문에 용융 풀의 작동 방식을 이해하는 것은 조인트의 품질에 매우 중요합니다. 그 후, FLOW-3D WELD 모델의 출력인 응고된 용융 풀 데이터 및 열 구배와 같은 결과를 미세 구조 또는 유한 요소 분석 모델에 입력하여 각각 결정 성장 및 열 응력 진화를위한 길을 닦을 수 있습니다.
이 게시물이 CFD를 사용하여 레이저 용접 프로세스를 시뮬레이션하는 이점을 이해하는데 도움이 되기를 바랍니다.
레이저 용접 공정을 더 잘 이해하기 위해 CFD 시뮬레이션 적용을 고려해 보셨습니까? 어떤 특징 / 물리 현상이 모델링되기를 원하십니까? 질문과 의견이 있으면 언제든지 flow3d@stikorea.co.kr 또는 미국 본사의 paree.allu@flow3d.com에게 연락하십시오.
FLOW-3D@ DEM을 이용하여 분말 적층 공정(파우더 베드 방식) 해석이 가능합니다. 여기에서는 재질: Ni 합금 (Inconel 718), 적층 피치 60μm 정도를 실시한 사례입니다. 지름 20um의 입자를 기준으로 지정하고, 자유낙하에 의해 베드를 형성합니다. 입자는 높이 방향으로 3개 정도로 적층되었습니다. 일정한 입경(case 1)에 미세한 입자를 섞은 것(case2)은 충전율이 높아졌습니다. 한편 굵은 입자를 지정한 케이스(case3)는 충전율이 나빠지는 결과를 확인할 수 있었습니다.
FLOW-3D@ DEM에서 얻은 입자 배드에 레이저를 조사하여 용융 해석을 실시한 사례입니다. FLOW-3D@ WELD에서는 레이저에 의한 에너지 밀도 분포를 부여하여 열, 유동 해석을 실시합니다. 용융지가 형성되었다가 다시 응고되어 가는 모습을 확인할 수 있습니다.
입자 충전율이 높은 경우(case2)에서는 용융지가 비교적 직선으로 늘어나지만 충전율이 낮은 경우에 구불구불한 형태로 용융지가 형성되었습니다. 입자가 형성되는 표면 형상, 틈새가 비드 형성에 영향을 준다는 것을 알 수 있습니다.
FEM mesh 데이터와 FLOW-3D@ 결과 파일에서 구조 인터페이스 F.SAI를 이용하여 온도 데이터를 추출합니다.
여기에서는 case2의 결과를 이용하여 온도 데이터를 추출하여 얻을 수 있고, 온도 데이터를 하중 데이터로 하여 각종 구조해석 소프트웨어에서 열응력 해석을 실시했습니다.
오른쪽 그림에 NX Nastran, MSC Nastran, Marc의 결과를 보여 줍니다. 수축에 의한 응력의 발생과 변위의 모습을 확인할 수 있습니다.
자료 제공: 오하이오 주립대학교
자료 제공: FLOW Science Japan
오하이오 주립대학의 YS Lee W.Zhang 등에 의한 Mesoscopic Simulation of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Laser Powder Bed Additive Manufactuing는 FLOW-3D를 이용하여 금속 분말층의 레이저에 의한 용융 결합 (L-PBF)을 분석하고 있습니다. 논문에서는 DEM으로 생성한 임의의 분말층을 분석 대상으로 하고, FSJ 에서 개발한 FLOW-3D WELD(레이저 용접 모듈) 모듈을 이용하여 균일한 분말을 바닥에 분사한 후 그 결과를 비교했습니다.
위 사례를 통해 열전도나 용융금속의 거동, 용접속도의 차이에 의한 영향 등, 같은 분말 베드에서도 정상적인 해석이 가능한 것을 알 수 있습니다.
온도분포등의 결과의 차이는 분말층의 차이로 발생될 수 있으며, 향후, FLOW-3D@ DEM(FSJ 개별요소법 모듈)을 이용한 분말층 생성기능도 개발 예정입니다.
D. K. H. Ho, S. M. Donohoo, K. M. Boyes and C. C. Lock
Advanced Analysis, Worley Pty Limited
L7, 116 Miller Street, North Sydney, NSW 2060 Australia
Tel: +61 2 8923 6817 e-mail: david.ho@worley.com.au
엔지니어링 설계에서 유한 요소, 유한 차분 및 전산 유체 역학 분석 소프트웨어와 같은 수치 도구의 일상적인 사용이 최근 몇 년 동안 증가했습니다. 소프트웨어 및 하드웨어 기술의 발전은보다 비선형적이고 복잡한 3 차원 분석이 수행되고 있음을 의미합니다.
그러나 본질적으로 “블랙 박스”인 이러한 강력한 소프트웨어는 “컴퓨팅”기술을 보유하고 있지만 광범위한 엔지니어링 경험이 필요하지 않은 분석가의 손에 “컴퓨터 보조 재해”로 이어질 수 있습니다. 품질 보증 절차의 엄격한 구현은 수치 모델이나 분석 기법이 정확한지 확인할 필요가 없을 수 있습니다.
이 백서에서는 복잡성이 증가하는 세 가지 실제 토목 공학 응용 프로그램에서 수치 분석 결과를 검증하는 방법을 설명합니다. 여기에는 유한 요소법을 이용한 수조 탱크의 구조 해석, 전산 유체 역학법을 이용한 수력 구조물 위의 홍수 조사, 유한 차분법을 이용한 안벽 시공 시뮬레이션 등이 있습니다. 입력 데이터의 불확실성 수준과 각 사례에 대한 계산 결과의 신뢰성에 대해 논의합니다. 분석 과정에서 몇 가지 흥미로운 결과가 발견되었습니다.
첫 번째 사례 연구는 시공의 질이 구조물의 성능에 상당한 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여주었습니다. 그러나 설계자는 설계 단계에서 이러한 상황을 수량화하고 분석하지 못할 수도 있습니다. 필요할 경우 향후 역분석은 물론 설계 검증의 기준점이 될 수 있도록 공사 종료 시 모니터링의 중요성이 필수적입니다. 유한 요소 분석은 복잡한 문제를 분석할 수 있는 강력한 수치 도구이지만, 분석가들은 문제의 행동이 단순하고 잘 이해되는 것처럼 보일 수 있는 상황에서 예상치 못한 결과를 만날 수 있도록 준비해야 합니다.
두 번째 사례 연구에서는 중요한 배수로 구조에 전산 유체 역학 분석이 처음으로 적용 되었기 때문에 엄격한 검증 프로세스가 강조됩니다. 그것은 2D ogee 방수로 프로파일로 시작하여 문제의 방수로의 3D 모델을 분석하기 위해 진행되는 방식으로 수행되었습니다.
계산된 결과를 각 단계에서 이론 및 물리적 테스트 데이터와 비교했습니다. 유체 흐름 문제의 비선형적 특성에도 불구하고, 분석은 확신을 가지고 실제 설계 목적에 적합한 결과를 제공할 수 있었습니다.
최종 사례 연구에서는 안벽의 거동이 시공 이력과 매립 방식에 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났습니다. 벽의 움직임은 매우 가변적인 토양 속성에도 불구하고 질적으로도 단순한 비선형 토양 모델을 사용하여 정확하게 예측되었습니다. 지속적인 모니터링 기록이 없기 때문에 검증은 어려웠습니다. 계산된 결과를 검증하는 열쇠는 수치 소프트웨어 도구를 사용하지 않는 독립적인 계산을 찾는 것입니다. 대부분의 경우 이러한 솔루션을 사용할 수 있습니다. 그러나 다른 경우에는 실험실 또는 현장 관찰에만 의존할 수 있습니다.
오늘날 수치 해석은 대부분의 엔지니어링 설계에서 필수적인 부분을 형성합니다. 따라서 결과 검증의 필요성은 분석 기술 / 방법론을 신뢰할 수 있고 설계자가 계산 된 결과에 대한 확신을 가질 수 있도록 설계 프로세스 전반에 걸쳐 매우 중요합니다.
일반적인 관행은 고전 이론, 실험 데이터, 게시 된 데이터, 유사한 구조의 성능 및 다른 사람이 수행 한 수치 계산에 대해 결과를 검증하는 것입니다. 때때로 소프트웨어 개발자가 제공 한 벤치 마크 또는 검증 예제가 이러한 목적으로 사용될 수 있지만 전체 범위의 문제를 포괄 할만큼 포괄적 인 경우는 거의 없습니다.
수치 해석을 시작하기 전에 분석가는 입력 데이터의 신뢰성, 소프트웨어 도구가 문제의 문제를 해결할 수 있는지 여부 및 결과를 검증하는 방법을 결정해야합니다. 검증 프로세스가 많은 실무자들에 의해 품질 보증 절차의 일부로 채택되었지만 비용이 많이 드는 실패가 여전히 발생했습니다 [1].
결과 검증의 필요성은 수치 분석의 사용 (남용)에서 일부 나쁜 업계 관행을 관찰함으로써 강화 될 수 있습니다. 수치 계산을 수행하기 위해 고용 된 일부 엔지니어 / 분석가는 계산 뒤에있는 기본 이론을 완전히 이해하지 못하거나 숨겨진 함정을 처리 할 수있는 실제 엔지니어링 경험이 충분하지 않을 수 있습니다.
일부 소프트웨어가 “CAD와 유사”해지고 많은 사람들이 작동하기 쉽다고 주장하기 때문에 엔지니어링 회사가 대학원 엔지니어 대신 초보를 고용하여 수치 모델링 및 분석을 수행하는 경향이 점차 증가하고 있습니다.
사용자는 복잡한 지오메트리 모델을 생성하고, 적절한 요소와 메시를 만들고, 각 하중 케이스에 대한 경계 조건 (접촉, 하중 및 고정)을 적용하고, 속성을 할당하고, 제출에 필요한 모든 플래그 / 스위치 / 버튼을 설정하는 데 상당한 노력을 기울일 것입니다.
분석이 실행됩니다. 자체 검사를위한 일부 품질 보증 절차는 전처리 단계에서 따를 수 있지만 계산이 완료되고 결과가 후 처리 될 때까지 많은 사용자는 출력이 어느 정도 정확하다고 쉽게 믿을 것입니다. 지오메트리 생성은 수치 모델링 프로세스의 일부일뿐입니다. 가장 어려운 문제 중 하나는 전체 설계 프로세스에서 불확실성을 다루는 것입니다. 재료 속성 및 로딩 순서와 같은 입력과 관련된 불확실성이 있습니다.
예를 들어 모델이 선형 또는 비선형 방식으로 동작하는지 여부와 같이 솔루션 유형의 적절성과 관련된 불확실성이 있습니다. 마지막으로 결과 해석과 관련된 불확실성이 있습니다. 수치 분석에서 결과를 검증하고 문제를 발견하는 데있어 분석가를위한 좋은 방법에 대한 간단한 지침은 없습니다. 그러나 다음 방법을 통해 점차적으로 달성 할 수 있습니다.
• 수치 적 방법 과정에 대한 좋은 이해 – 이것은 학부 및 / 또는 대학원 수준의 공식 교육을 통해 얻을 수 있으며 지속적인 전문성 개발의 일환으로 자습을 통해 더욱 향상 될 수 있습니다.
• 특정 유형의 문제에 대한 기본 이론과 해결책의 범위를 잘 이해합니다. 이 역시 위와 같은 교육을 통해 이루어질 수 있습니다.
• 실제 문제를 해결하는 데 공학적 판단을 사용하고 수치 분석을 수행 한 경험이 있습니다. 이는 숙련 된 엔지니어가 분석가를 적절하게 감독하는 환경에서 작업함으로써 얻을 수 있습니다.
품질 보증 시스템의 구현이 실행 가능한 솔루션으로 이어지는 엔지니어링 판단을 대체하는 것은 아니라는 점에 유의해야합니다. 복잡한 대규모 모델을 분석하기 전에 시뮬레이션 기술과 문제의 근본적인 동작을 완전히 이해하기 위해 간단한 테스트 모델을 사용하여 수치 “실험”을 수행해야하는 경우가 매우 많습니다.
경험에 따르면 때때로 테스트 모델 자체가 분석가가 최종 설계 솔루션에 도달 할 수있는 충분한 정보를 제공 할 수 있습니다. 해당 대형 복합 모델의 분석은 설계 기대치를 확인하는 것입니다. 다음 사례 연구는 결과 검증이 수행 된 방법과 신뢰 수준 및 불확실성이 해결된 방법을 보여줍니다.
일반적인 토목 공학 프로젝트에서 수치 분석은 구조 역학, 기하학 및 유체 역학의 세 가지 기본 분야 중 하나 또는 조합을 포함 할 수 있습니다. 문제의 성격은 토양-구조 상호 작용, 유체-구조 상호 작용 또는 토양-유체 상호 작용 중 하나로 분류 될 수 있습니다.
어떤 경우에는 세 가지 모두를 포함 할 수 있습니다. 잠재적 인 복잡성을 고려하여, 정확도를 잃지 않고 실제 목적을 위해 중요한 동작을 캡처하지 않고 문제를 단순화하기 위해 몇 가지 가정과 이상화가 이루어져야합니다. 이러한 문제를 해결할 수있는 범용 및 특수 수치 분석 소프트웨어가 있습니다. 두 가지 유형의 소프트웨어가 사례 연구에 사용되었습니다.
직경 약 90m의 대형 원형 강철 물 탱크는 처음 채울 때 큰 벽면이 휘어지면서 탱크의 장기적인 구조적 무결성에 대한 우려를 불러 일으켰습니다.
물의 높이는 전체 저장 용량에서 약 10m였습니다. 지붕 구조는 탱크 내부에있는 기둥으로 거의 전적으로지지되었습니다. 스트레이크(strakes)는 벽의 바닥 1/3이 더 두꺼운 고급 강판으로 구성되었습니다. 1 차 윈드 거더는 탱크 상단 주위에 용접되었고 2 차 윈드 거더는베이스 위 2/3에 위치했습니다. 하단 스트레이 크는 환형베이스 플레이트에 필렛 용접되었습니다. 내부 기둥의 기초를 제외한 전체 바닥은 용접 된 강판으로 덮여있었습니다.
이 탱크는 유능한 중간층 사암과 미사암 기반암 위에 압축된 채움물 위에 세워졌습니다. 일련의 축 대칭 유한 요소 분석 (FEA)을 수행하여 관찰된 처짐을 예측할 수 있는지 여부를 결정하고 매일 물을 채우고 비울 때 피로 파괴가 발생할 가능성으로 인해 벽 바닥의 응력 상태를 계산했습니다.
내부 기둥과 지붕 빔을 포함하는 탱크의 12 분의 1 섹터에 대한 3 차원 모델을 처음에 분석하여 벽이 얼마나 많은 지붕 자중을지지하고 축 대칭 가정의 타당성을 조사했는지 조사했습니다. 이 분석의 결과는 지붕 구조의 강성 기여도가 중요하지 않아 후속 축 대칭 모델에 포함되지 않았 음을 보여주었습니다.
그러나 지붕 자체 무게의 작은 부분이 벽에 적용됩니다. 축 대칭 모델은 모든 강철 섹션, 필렛 및 맞대기 용접 및 기초로 구성되었습니다 (그림 1). 그것들은 몇 개의 3 노드 삼각형 축 대칭 요소가있는 4 노드 비 호환 모드 사변형으로 이산화되었습니다.
용접 재료를 통해서만 하중 전달이 허용되도록 용접이 모델링되었습니다. 용접 연결부에 미세한 메시를 사용하여 응력 상태를 정확하게 포착했습니다. 롤러 지지대는 모델의 측면 및 하단 경계에 적용되었습니다. 다음과 같은 하중이 적용되었습니다 :
철골 구조물의 자중, 지붕 자중, 벽의 정수압, 수위에 따른 바닥의 균일 한 압력. 한 모델은 용접 또는베이스의 강판이 플라스틱 힌지를 형성하기 위해 항복되었다고 가정했습니다. 이 경우 벽 바닥에서 핀 연결이 모델링되었습니다.
벽 처짐은 그림 2에 나와 있습니다. 측정 범위와 계산 된 결과는 비교 목적으로 표시됩니다. 계산 된 벽 처짐을 검증하기 위해 두 벽 두께에 대한 Timoshenko 및 Woinowsky-Krieger [2]에 기반한 고전 이론도 그림에 표시되었습니다. 계산 된 편향은 이론적 계산에 의해 제한됨을 관찰 할 수 있습니다.
벽 두께의 변화로 인한 전이가 분석에서 포착되었습니다. 이것은 유한 요소 모델에 대한 확신을 제공했습니다. 윈드 거더와 구속 된베이스의 영향도 볼 수 있습니다. 윈드 거더 설치로 인해 초기 변형이 발생하여 공사가 끝날 때 벽 상단이 안쪽으로 당겨질 수 있습니다. 굽힘 동작이 발생한베이스 근처를 제외하고는 후프 동작이 벽 동작을 지배했습니다.
계산된 최대 처짐이 측정된 순서와 동일하더라도 최대 돌출이 발생한 높이는 예측되지 않았습니다. 실제로 조사 데이터는 몇 가지 가능한 시나리오를 제안했습니다.베이스에 플라스틱 힌지 형성 (그러나이 영역에서 계산 된 응력은 항복 강도를 초과하지 않았습니다). 지반 재료의 국부적 인 베어링 고장 (다시 현장에서 균열과 같은 명백한 지시 신호가 보이지 않음); 또는 탱크 건설이 끝날 때 내장 된 기하학적 결함이있었습니다. 사전 변형 된 탱크에서 역 분석을 수행하여 측정 된 처짐이 정수압 하에서 “회복”되었습니다. 그러나 계산된 응력은 수율을 훨씬 초과했습니다. 불행히도 탱크는 완성 후 첫 번째 충전 전에 즉시 조사되지 않았습니다.
탱크의 원래 디자인과 건설이 2000 년대 초에 수행되었다는 점은 흥미 롭습니다. 설계 계산에 관련 표준 [3]을 사용했습니다. 이 표준은 탱크 벽이 후프 동작만으로 작용한다고 가정하고이 구조의 경우가 아닌베이스의 제약 조건을 무시합니다. 벽 처짐의 크기는 기초 강성을 고려한 Rish [4]가 개발 한 고전 이론 [2] 또는 FEA와 같은 수치 분석에 의해 결정될 수 있습니다. 고급 강철을 사용하면 설계자는 강도에는 적합하지만 서비스 가능성에는 필요하지 않은 더 얇은 섹션을 선택해야합니다. 굽힘 강성은 큐브 두께에 의해 결정됩니다. 수중 부하에서 후속 벽 변형 프로파일은 제작 품질에 영향을받습니다. 이것은 설계 단계에서 추정하기 어려웠을 것입니다.
호주의 많은 댐 구조는 제한된 수 문학적 정보로 1950 년대와 60 년대에 설계 및 건설되었습니다. 이러한 기존 방수로 구조는 수정 된 가능한 최대 홍수 수준에 대처하기 위해 크기가 작습니다. 증가 된 홍수 조건 하에서 방수로 꼭대기에 대한 음압 생성과 같은 잠재적 인 문제가 발생할 수 있습니다. 이는 방수로 및 게이트 구조에 불안정성 또는 캐비테이션 손상을 유발할 수 있습니다. 역사적으로 스케일링 된 물리적 모델은 이러한 동작을 연구하기 위해 수력 학 실험실에서 구성되었지만 비용이 많이 들고 시간이 많이 걸리며 스케일링 효과와 관련된 많은 어려움이 있습니다. 오늘날 고성능 컴퓨터와보다 효율적인 전산 유체 역학 (CFD) 코드를 사용하여 수리적 구조의 동작을 합리적인 시간과 비용으로 수치 적으로 조사 할 수 있습니다. 이 분석 기법은 대도시 지역에 주요 상수원을 제공하는 가장 큰 콘크리트 중력 댐에 호주에서 처음으로 적용 되었기 때문에 검증을 수행 할 필요가있었습니다. 이것은 그림 3과 같이 조사 프로세스에 통합되었습니다. 순서도는 간단한 2D에서 상세한 3D 방수로 모델로 어떻게 발전했는지 보여줍니다.
미 육군 공병대 [5]에서 발표 한 광범위한 데이터가 있기 때문에 검증을 위해 ogee 방수로 프로필 (그림 4 참조)이 선택되었습니다. 계산 된 결과는 조사의 각 단계에서 검토되었습니다. 게시 된 데이터에서 크게 벗어나면 프로젝트가 중단됩니다. 이것은 프로젝트가 시작되기 전에 고객과 상호 합의되었습니다.
이러한 종류의 분석의 초기 어려움 중 하나는 개방 채널 중력 흐름 문제에서 자유 표면의 정확한 계산이었습니다. 자유 표면을 추적하는 데 적응 형 메싱 및 반복 방법을 사용하는 것은 일부 유한 체적 CFD 코드에서 사용되었지만 성공은 제한적이었습니다. 본 연구에 사용 된 코드는 SOLA-VOF 방법으로 Navier-Stokes 방정식을 해결합니다. 유체 운동의 과도 동작을 해결하기 위해 유한 차분 방법이 사용되었습니다. 유체의 부피 (VOF) 함수는 자유 표면 운동을 계산하는 데 사용됩니다 [6].
분석에 대한 자세한 내용은 [7]에 설명되어 있습니다. 계산 된 파고 압력 분포, 자유 표면 프로파일 및 정상 상태에서의 배출 속도는 검증 목적으로 사용되었습니다. 다른 상류 수두 (H) 아래의 배수로 꼭대기를 따라 압력 분포가 그림 5에 나와 있습니다. 일부 압력 진동은 코드가 일반 메시와 곡선 배수로 장애물 사이의 인터페이스에서 계산을 처리하는 방식에 기인 할 수 있습니다. 훨씬 더 미세한 메쉬는 이러한 불규칙성을 부드럽게 만들었습니다. 압력 분포에 대한 교각의 영향은 3D 모델에서 올바르게 예측되었습니다 (그림 6).
계산된 자유 표면 프로파일 (그림 7)도 게시 된 데이터와 잘 일치했습니다. Savage와 Johnson [8]은 분석 기법에 대한 신뢰도를 높이는 동일한 CFD 코드를 사용하여 유사한 유효성 검사를 수행했습니다. 문제의 배수로에 대한 후속 분석은 스케일링 된 물리적 모델 테스트에서 얻은 결과와 비교할 때 상당히 좋은 결과를 제공했습니다.
분석에서 배수로의 기하학적 구조와 물 속성이 잘 정의되었습니다. 물은 비압축성이며 고정 된 온도에서 일정한 특성을 가지고 있다고 가정했습니다. 실제로 좋은 품질의 콘크리트 표면 마감을 얻을 수 있기 때문에 배수로 경계는 매끄럽다 고 가정했습니다. 불확실성은 메쉬 밀도와 적절한 난류 모델의 선택이라는 두 가지 소스에서 비롯됩니다. 메쉬 크기는 메모리 양과 컴퓨터의 클럭 속도에 의해 제한됩니다.
높은 레이놀즈 수의 난류 흐름은 소용돌이와 소용돌이의 형성을 포착 할 수있는 매우 미세한 메시로 계산할 수 있지만 현재 메시 밀도는 검증 및 설계 목적에 필요한 변수를 예측하기에 충분히 미세했습니다. 조사 결과는 큰 와류, k-ε 및 RNG 모델과 같은 난류 모델의 선택에 의해 크게 영향을받지 않는 것으로 나타났습니다. 분명히 벽 거칠기와 난류 모델의 도입은 방전율을 감소시킬 것입니다. 그러나 다시 분석 결과는 사용 된 메시에 거의 영향을 미치지 않음을 보여줍니다. 향후 분석은 다른 메쉬 밀도로 인한 이산화 오류를 조사 할 것입니다.
사례 3 – 안벽 건설
주요 컨테이너 항구 시설은 설계 단계에서 최소한의 수치 분석을 수행하여 약 25 년 전에 건설되었습니다. 당시에는 이러한 분석 도구를 사용하는 것이 비용 효율적이지 않은 것으로 간주되었습니다. 다수의 컨테이너 크레인이 측면을 따라 이어지는 2km 길이의 안벽을 건설하기 위해 광범위한 준설 및 매립 작업이 수행되었습니다.
시설이 완공 된 이후 일련의 콘크리트 카운터 포트 유닛으로 구성된 안벽과 후방 크레인 빔은 크레인이 할 수 있도록 후방 빔에 대한 레벨 조정 작업이 수행 될 정도로 지속적으로 이동하고 있습니다. 정상적으로 작동합니다. 그러나 영향을받는 두 구조물의 움직임을 저지하기 위해보다 영구적 인 해결책을 모색했습니다. 토양-구조 상호 작용 및 시공 시뮬레이션을 처리 할 수있는 명시 적 유한 차이 분석을 사용하여 다양한 교정 옵션의 순위를 지정했습니다.
그라우트 기둥, 타이백 앵커 및 말뚝 지지대와 같은 다양한 제안 된 개선을 분석하기 전에, 토양 및 구조적 특성과 시공 과정의 선택이 적절하도록 계산 모델을 관찰에 대해 보정해야한다고 결정했습니다. 지질 및 지질 공학 정보는 현장 및 실험실 테스트 데이터를 포함하는 현장 조사 보고서에서 평가되었습니다. 시설의 범위를 고려할 때 현장에서 만나는 특정 토양 유형에 대해 상당한 분산 테스트 데이터가 예상됩니다. 수력 모래 충전재에 대한 표준 침투 테스트 (SPT) 블로우 횟수 (N) 및 콘 침투 테스트 (CPT) 저항 (qc)에 대한 몇 가지 일반적인 기록이 그림 8과 9에 나와 있습니다.
이 결과로부터 평균 해수면 위와 아래에있는 모래 채우기의 강도와 강성의 대비를 관찰 할 수 있습니다. 이 현상은 배치 방법에 기인한다고 제안되었다 [9]. 또한 기초 수준에서 진동 압축 된 모래의 특성에도 변동이있었습니다. 분석을 위해 선택된 토양 특성은 테스트 데이터, 인근 사이트의 경험 및 유사한 토양 조건에 대한 발표 된 데이터를 기반으로합니다. 그것들은 표 1에 요약되어 있습니다. 일반적으로 시설의 건설 순서는 다음과 같습니다.
Table 1 Soil properties used in the construction
simulation of the quay wall
2D 평면 변형 모델의 수치 시뮬레이션에서 구성 순서 (그림 10)와 하중은 다음 단계에 따라 단순화 / 이상적입니다.
분석에서는 침수 된 물질과 평균 해수면 위에있는 물질을 나타 내기 위해 적절한 밀도를 사용했습니다. 안벽의 장기적인 움직임이 중요했기 때문에 배수 된 토양 매개 변수가 사용되었습니다. 토양은 분석에서 Mohr-Coulomb 실패 기준을 따르는 것으로 가정되었습니다. 단순한 탄성-완전 소성 응력-변형 거동이 가정되었습니다. 일련의 강체 다이어그램으로 표현 된 안벽 이동의 역사는 그림 11에 나와 있습니다. 벽의 상단과 바닥에서 계산 된 수직 및 수평 이동은 그림 12와 13에 표시됩니다. 수치는 모니터링 된 데이터와 해당 상한 및 하한 (해당 상자에 표시됨)입니다. 측정에서 산란의 양에도 불구하고 벽 건설에 대해 계산 된 움직임은 합리적으로 잘 비교되었습니다. 조사 데이터와 예측을 일치시키기 위해 분석에서 토양 속성을 변경하려는 시도가 없었습니다. 반복되는 크레인 하중의 래칫 효과를 관찰 할 수 있습니다. 불행히도 반복적 인 크레인 하중 하에서 벽 이동에 대한 기준이 없었기 때문에 이러한 예상 이동을 비교할 수 없었습니다. 문제의 복잡성과 고도로 가변적 인 토양 특성을 고려할 때 계산 된 결과는 매우 고무적입니다.
토양에서 플라스틱 구역의 발달도 분석에서 계산되었습니다. 벽의 발가락 아래의 토양이 여러 번 과도하게 압박을받는 것으로 밝혀졌습니다. 접촉 압력은 경사 하중으로 인한 베어링 고장에 대한 안전 지표 (FOS)를 결정하는 데 사용되었습니다. 지지력은 계산 방법에 의해 크게 영향을 받았다고보고되었습니다 [10]. 원래의 기초 디자인은 덴마크 코드 [11]를 기반으로했기 때문에이 경우 일관성을 위해 사용되었습니다. 편심의 함수로서 FOS의 발전과 수평 대 수직 추력 (H / V)의 비율이 각각 그림 14와 15에 나와 있습니다.
그림은 벽이 추가 요금과 반복적 인 적재 단계 동안 국부적 인 베어링 고장에 가까웠음을 보여줍니다. 크레인 하중 하에서 FOS의 명백한 증가는 벽에 대한 수직 하중이 증가하는 반면 유지된 토양의 수평 압력이 다소 일정하게 유지됨에 따라 편심이 감소했기 때문입니다.
끝 맺는 말
세 가지 매우 다른 실제 응용 프로그램의 유효성 검사 프로세스가 설명되었습니다. 각 사례의 주요 특징과 결과는 표 2에 요약되어 있습니다. 재료 및 하중 불확도 및 예상 결과가 강조 표시됩니다. 건설 품질은 구조의 성능에 상당한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났습니다.
이는 분석가가 프로젝트의 설계 단계에서 정량화하고 정확하게 분석하지 못할 수도 있습니다. 구조가 완료된 직후 모니터링의 중요성을 간과해서는 안됩니다. 이것은 미래의 역 분석을위한 유용한 자료가 될 것입니다. 수치 도구가 이러한 복잡한 문제를 분석 할 수 있다는 사실에도 불구하고 분석가는 어떤 매개 변수가 중요하거나 중요하지 않은지 식별 할 준비가되어 있어야합니다.
익숙하지 않은 문제를 분석 할 때 유효성 검사 프로세스를 점진적으로 수행해야합니다. 아마도 검증 방법을 찾는 핵심은 수치 분석 도구를 사용하지 않고 솔루션에 도달 할 수있는 다른 방법이 있는지 묻는 것입니다. 많은 경우 이러한 솔루션은 광범위한 문헌 검색 후에 존재합니다. 그러나 다른 경우에는 실험실 테스트와 현장 관찰이 유일한 대안이 될 것입니다.
자세한 내용은 원문을 참고하시기 바랍니다.
References
[1] Puri, S.P.S. (1998) “Avoiding Engineering Failures Caused by Computer-Related Errors”, J. Comp. in Civil Engineering, ASCE, 12(4), 170-172.
[2] Timoshenko, S.P. and Woinowsky-Krieger, S. (1959) Theory of Plates and Shells, 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill Kogakusha. p.580.
[3] BS2654 (1989) Manufacturing of vertical steel welded non-refrigerated storage tanks with butt-welded shells for the petroleum industry.
[4] Rish, R.F. (1977) “Design of Cylindrical Tanks on Elastic Foundations”, Civil Engineering Transactions, The Institution of Engineers, Australia, 192-195.
[5] US Army Corps of Engineers (1990) Hydraulic Design of Spillways, Engineer Manual No. 1110-2-1603.
[6] Hirt, C.W. and Nichols, B.D. (1981) “Volume of Fluid (VOF) Method for the Dynamics of Free Boundaries”, J. Comp. Phys. 39, 201- 225.
[7] Ho, D.K.H., Boyes, K.M and Donohoo, S.M. (2001) “Investigation of Spillway Behaviour under Increased Maximum Flood by Computational Fluid Dynamics Technique”, Proc. Conf. 14th Australasian Fluid Mechanics, Adelaide, December, 577-580.
[8] Savage, B.M. and Johnson, M.C. (2001) “Flow over Ogee Spillway: Physical and Numerical Model Case Study”, J. Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 127(8), 640-649.
[9] Lee, K.M., Shen, C.K., Leung, D.H.K. and Mitchell, J.K. (1999) “Effects of placement method on geotechnical behaviour of hydraulic fill sands” J. Geotech. and Geoenviron. Engineering, ASCE, 125(10), 832-846.
[10] Sieffert, J.G. and Bay-Gress, Ch. (2000) “Comparison of European bearing capacity calculation methods for shallow foundations”, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Geotechnical Engineering, 143, April, 65-74.
[11] DS 415 (1984) Code of Practice for Foundation Engineering. Table 2 Summary of findings for the three case studies
자료 제공: General Motors Company, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
자료 제공: FLOW Science Japan
이 사례를 통해 FLOW-3D@ WELD를 이용하여 레이저 용접 프로세스의 키홀 형성 유도를 통한 porosity 형성에 대하여 검토가 가능한 것을 알 수 있습니다.
위 그림과 같이 온도에 따른 표면장력 값과 강한 우회전 소용돌이에 의해 후방으로의 유동은 거의 억제되는 것을 확인할 수 있습니다. 강한 용융 유동에 의한 Key Hole 붕괴는 초기 porosity 형성의 원인이 되지만, Key Hole 재개나 기포가 자유표면으로 빠져 나가도록 반드시 porosity를 이끌지는 않습니다.
그러나 키홀 바닥부에서 강한 소용돌이에 의해 기포가 키홀 용융지 후방 저부로 운반될 때는 높은 열전도율로 응고면이 빠르게 이동하므로, 응고면에 의해 포획될 위험이 매우 높습니다.
또한 용융 시의 알루미늄은 소용돌이가 강하기 때문에, 기포를 용융지의 바닥 후방에 있는 상태에서 배출시키는 것은 거의 불가능합니다. 기포가 응고면에 의해 포획될 경우 porosity가 형성됩니다.
일반적으로 용접속도를 크게 하면 결합부에서 Porosity가 감소합니다. 이는 용접 속도 상승으로 모재 내 용해 및 키홀 깊이가 감소하여 키홀이 안정되기 때문입니다.
실험에 의한 길이 방향 단면의 Porisity 분포와 FLOW-3D@ WELD에 의한 분석 결과를 보여줍니다. 3번 케이스도 실험과 비슷한 용해 깊이를 가지고 있으며, 분석 결과도 실험과 매우 잘 일치하고 있습니다.
용접 단면의 Porosity 분포를 보면, 레이저 조사 각도가 증가할 수록 Porosity가 뚜렷이 감소하고 있음을 알 수 있습니다. 위의 오른쪽 그림에 용융지 내의 유속장과 온도분포를 보면 레이저 빔의 경사각도는 키홀의 생성 방향을 결정하여 후방의 용융지와 용융유동에 영향을 미치고 있습니다.
또한, 레이저의 경사각도가 작을 경우 강력한 증발 반력이나 중력에 의해 용융금속이 다른 방향으로 이동합니다. 이는 강한 소용돌이 흐름의 원인이 되는 구동력으로 작용하여 키홀 붕괴로 이어지기 쉽다는 것을 확인할 수 있습니다.
우주선 및 자동차 연료 탱크 및 특정 미세 유체 장치는 안전하고 효율적인 작동을 위해 정확한 액체 및 기체 상태 모델링이 필요합니다. 이러한 시스템에 유체 계면이 존재하는 것 외에도, 열 전달 및 상 변화의 물리학도 정확하게 포착해야합니다. 얼마나 복잡합니까!
이러한 복잡한 시나리오를 시뮬레이션하기 위해 FLOW-3D v12.0에는 2 Fluid, 2 Temperature 모델이 도입되었습니다.
단순화 된 모델 : 2 Fluid, 1 Temperature
FLOW-3D 의 인터페이스 추적 방법인 TruVOF는 열 전달 및 위상 변화를 포함하여 2 Fluid 모델과 함께 작동합니다. 그러나,이 모델의 단순화 중 하나는, 인터페이스를 갖는 메쉬 셀의 온도가 다음의 개략도에 도시 된 바와 같이 혼합물 온도 (따라서 단순화 된 모델) Tmix로 표현된다는 것입니다.
온도가 경계면을 가로 질러 연속적이고 매끄러 울 때 혼합물 근사치가 적절하지만, 열-물리적 특성의 큰 차이로 인해 액체 및 가스가 있는 경우에는 이를 추정 할 수 없습니다. 이러한 시스템에서 용액의 정확도는 액체-기체 혼합물을 함유하는 셀에서 유체 에너지 및 온도의 평균으로부터 발생하는 과도한 수치 확산에 의해 압도 될 수 있습니다. 단순화 된 온도 슬립 모델은 이러한 경우 부분적인 솔루션만 제공합니다.
종합 모델 : 2 Fluid, 2 Temperature
1 Temperature 접근 방식의 결함을 극복하기 위해 2 Fluid 솔루션에 대한 2 Temperature 모델이 버전 11.3에 도입되었습니다. 여기에는 아래 회로도에 표시된 것처럼 각 유체에 대한 에너지 전달 방정식을 해결하고 각 상의 온도를 저장하는 작업이 포함됩니다. 자유 표면이 있는 메쉬 셀은 이제 액체 (T1)와 가스 (T2) 온도를 모두 나타냅니다.
탱크 슬로싱(Tank sloshing)
탱크 슬로싱에 대한 이 사례 연구에서, 액체는 초기 온도 300K이고 가스는 400K입니다. 단순화 된 모델과 포괄적인 모델 사이의 수치 확산 정도의 차이는 아래 애니메이션에 나와 있습니다. 온도 윤곽에서 시간이 지남에 따라 용액의 수치 확산은 1 Temperature 접근 방식으로 보여지고 계면 물리를 완전히 가리게 됩니다.
단순화 된 모델 : 2 Fluid, 1 Temperature
종합 모델 : 2 Fluid, 2 Temperature
공기중 드롭 용접(Drop welding in air)
이 낙하 용접 사례 연구에서 액체 금속은 중력 하에서 2300K에서 공기를 통해 고체화 된 금속 베드로 떨어집니다. 공기 및 베드 초기 온도는 293K입니다. simplified model에서는 수치 확산으로 인해 액체 금속 낙하 온도가 베드에 도달하기 전에도 급격히 감소하기 시작합니다. 반면에 comprehensive model에서는 방울이 초기 온도를 유지하여 훨씬 더 나은 솔루션을 제공합니다.
단순화 된 모델을 사용한 온도 필드 진화
종합 모델의 온도 필드
FLOW-3D의 2 Fluid, 2 Temperature 모델과 유체 인터페이스 추적을 결합하면 사용자는 특히 연료 슬로싱 시스템과 같이 복잡한 열전달 및 위상 변화 문제를 정확하게 모델링 할 수 있습니다.
이 새로운 모델에 대한 제안이나 의견은 adwaith@flow3d.com에 문의하십시오.
자료 제공: 오하이오 주립대학교
자료 제공: FLOW Science Japan
레이저 Soldering에서는 금속 분말은 레이저 빔 주위에 고리 모양으로 배치된 여러 종류의 분말 공급노즐을 통해 불활성 캐리어 가스 중으로 분사됩니다. 용융지의 형상은 표면장력으로 유도되는 말랑고니 대류 패턴의 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 알려져 있습니다. 따라서 용융지 내의 유체 흐름을 정밀하게 예측하기 위해서 FOW-3D@ WELD를 이용한 레이저 Soldering 프로세스를 개략화하여 시뮬레이션 할 수 있습니다.
다른 레이저 출력의 예측된 용접폭, 높이 및 용융지의 깊이는 실험 결과 실험 측정값과 동등한 결과를 얻을 수 있는 것을 확인할 수 있습니다. 용융지의 열유동에 의해 가장 깊은 용융 영역은 마랑고니 대류에 의해 유도된 2개의 마주보는 표면 흐름의 충돌로 인해 형성되는 것을 확인할 수 있습니다.
자료 제공: SHILOH INDUSTRIES, INC
자료 제공: FLOW Science Japan
미국 Shiloh사는 주조 및 용접, 프레스 가공 등을 다루는 부품업체로 경량화, 원재료 절약, 원가에서 경쟁력을 갖춘 머티리얼 전문회사입니다. 그 동안 Shiloh사는 FLOW-3D@ 주조 문제 해결에 사용해 왔으나, 최근 FLOW-3D@ WELD 용접 모듈에 주목하여 FLOW-3D@ WELD를 이용하여 해석을 실시하였으며, 그 결과를 Shiloh사의 레이저 용접 실험 결과와 비교한 내용입니다.
두 금속은 사용하는 플레이트의 두께가 다르며 CASE2에서는 금속간 갭이 있습니다.
FLOW-3D@ WELD를 사용하여 CASE1, CASE2 분석을 실시했습니다. CASE1은 바닥 직전까지 용해 시키지만, CASE2는 완전히 관통하고 있습니다. 관통시에도 바닥이 빠지지 않는 것은 표면 장력과 대류의 영향에 의한 것으로 생각됩니다.
CASE1, CASE2 모두 단면 형상에서 2개의 경사가 나타나고 있으며,그 특징은 분석 결과에서도 뚜렷하게 관찰됩니다.
CASE2는 용융 영역의 팽창도 잘 재현할 수 있었습니다. FLOW-3D@ WELD는 레이저 용접의 대략적인 형상, 용융폭 등 레이저 용접 경향을 잘 파악하는 것을 확인할 수 있습니다.
FLOW-3D는 자유 표면 유체 흐름 시뮬레이션을 전문으로하는 다중 물리 CFD 소프트웨어입니다. 자유 표면의 동적 진화를 추적하는 소프트웨어의 알고리즘인 VOF (Volume of Fluid) 방법은 Flow Science의 설립자인 Tony Hirt 박사가 개척했습니다.
또한 FLOW-3D에는 금속 주조, 잉크젯 인쇄, 레이저 용접 및 적층 제조 (AM)와 같은 광범위한 응용 분야를 시뮬레이션하기위한 물리 모델이 내장되어 있습니다.
적층 제조 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어, 특히 L-PBF (레이저 파우더 베드 융합 공정)의 현상 유지는 열 왜곡, 잔류 응력 및지지 구조 생성과 같은 부분 규모 모델링에 도움이되는 열 기계 시뮬레이션에 초점을 맞추고 있습니다.
유용하지만 용융 풀 역학 및 볼링 및 다공성과 같은 관련 결함에 대한 정보는 일반적으로 이러한 접근 방식의 영역 밖에 있습니다. 용융 풀 내의 유체 흐름, 열 전달 및 표면 장력이 열 구배 및 냉각 속도에 영향을 미치며 이는 다시 미세 구조 진화에 영향을 미친다는 점을 명심하는 것도 중요합니다.
FLOW-3D와 이산 요소법 (DEM) 및 WELD 모듈을 사용하여 분말 및 용융 풀 규모에서 시뮬레이션 할 수 있습니다.
구현되는 관련 물리학에는 점성 흐름, 열 전달, 응고, 상 변화, 반동 압력, 차폐 가스 압력, 표면 장력, 움직이는 물체 및 분말 / 입자 역학이 포함됩니다. 이러한 접근 방식은 합금에 대한 공정을 성공적으로 개발할 수 있게 하고, AM 기계 제조업체와 AM 기술의 최종 사용자 모두에게 관심있는 미세 구조 진화에 대한 통찰력을 제공하는데 도움이 됩니다.
FLOW-3D는 레이저 분말 베드 융합 (L-PBF), 직접 에너지 증착 (DED) 및 바인더 제트 공정으로 확장되는 기능을 가지고 있습니다.
FLOW-3D를 사용하면 분말 확산 및 패킹, 레이저 / 입자 상호 작용, 용융 풀 역학, 표면 형태 및 후속 미세 구조 진화를 정확하게 시뮬레이션 할 수 있습니다. 이러한 기능은 FLOW-3D에 고유하며 계산 효율성이 높은 방식으로 달성됩니다.
예를 들어 1.0mm x 0.4mm x 0.3mm 크기의 계산 영역에서 레이저 빔의 단일 트랙을 시뮬레이션하기 위해 레이저 용융 모델은 단 8 개의 물리적 코어에서 약 2 시간이 걸립니다.
FLOW-3D는 모든 관련 물리 구현 간의 격차를 해소하는 동시에 업계 및 연구 표준에서 허용하는 시간 프레임으로 결과를 생성합니다. 분말 패킹, 롤러를 통한 파워 확산, 분말의 레이저 용융, 용융 풀 형성 및 응고를 고려하고 다층 분말 베드 융합 공정을 위해 이러한 단계를 순차적으로 반복하여 FLOW-3D에서 전체 AM 공정을 시뮬레이션 할 수 있습니다.
FLOW-3D의 다층 시뮬레이션은 이전에 응고된 층의 열 이력을 저장한다는 점에서 독특하며, 열 전달을 고려하여 이전에 응고된 층에 확산된 새로운 분말 입자 세트에 대해 시뮬레이션이 수행됩니다.
또한, 응고 된 베드의 열 왜곡 및 잔류 응력은 FLOW-3D를 사용하여 평가할 수 있으며, 보다 복잡한 분석을 수행하기 위해 FLOW-3D의 압력 및 온도 데이터를 Abaqus 및 MSC Nastran과 같은 FEA 소프트웨어로 내보낼 수 있습니다.
FLOW-3D는 다양한 응용 분야에서 거의 40 년 동안 사용되어 왔습니다. 사용자 피드백을 기반으로 UI 개발자는 소프트웨어를 사용하기 매우 직관적으로 만들었으며 새로운 사용자는 시뮬레이션 설정의 순서를 거의 또는 전혀 어려움없이 이해합니다.
사용자는 FLOW3D에서 구현 된 다양한 모델의 이론에 정통하며 새로운 실험을 설계 할 수 있습니다. 실습 튜토리얼, 비디오 강의, 예제 시뮬레이션 및 기술 노트의 저장소도 사용할 수 있습니다.
사용자가 특정 수준의 경험에 도달하면 고급 수치 교육 및 소프트웨어 사용자 지정 교육을 사용할 수 있습니다.
실험 데이터에 대해 FLOW-3D 모델을 검증하는 몇 가지 독립적으로 발표된 연구가 있습니다. 여기에서 수록된 저널 논문은 레이저 용접 및 적층 제조 공정으로 제한됩니다. 더 많은 참조는 당사 웹 사이트에서 확인할 수 있습니다.
Laser Welding
Additive Manufacturing
아래는 FSI의 금속 주조 참고 문헌에 수록된 기술 논문 모음입니다. 이 모든 논문에는 FLOW-3D CAST 해석 결과가 수록되어 있습니다. FLOW-3D CAST를 사용하여 금속 주조 산업의 응용 프로그램을 성공적으로 시뮬레이션하는 방법에 대해 자세히 알아보십시오.
Below is a collection of technical papers in our Metal Casting Bibliography. All of these papers feature FLOW-3D CAST results. Learn more about how FLOW-3D CAST can be used to successfully simulate applications for the Metal Casting Industry.
33-20 Eric Riedel, Martin Liepe Stefan Scharf, Simulation of ultrasonic induced cavitation and acoustic streaming in liquid and solidifying aluminum, Metals, 10.4; 476, 2020. doi.org/10.3390/met10040476
20-20 Wu Yue, Li Zhuo and Lu Rong, Simulation and visual tester verification of solid propellant slurry vacuum plate casting, Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2020. doi.org/10.1002/prep.201900411
17-20 C.A. Jones, M.R. Jolly, A.E.W. Jarfors and M. Irwin, An experimental characterization of thermophysical properties of a porous ceramic shell used in the investment casting process, Supplimental Proceedings, pp. 1095-1105, TMS 2020 149th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, San Diego, CA, February 23-27, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36296-6_102
12-20 Franz Josef Feikus, Paul Bernsteiner, Ricardo Fernández Gutiérrez and Michal Luszczak , Further development of electric motor housings, MTZ Worldwide, 81, pp. 38-43, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/s38313-019-0176-z
09-20 Mingfan Qi, Yonglin Kang, Yuzhao Xu, Zhumabieke Wulabieke and Jingyuan Li, A novel rheological high pressure die-casting process for preparing large thin-walled Al–Si–Fe–Mg–Sr alloy with high heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 776, art. no. 139040, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.139040
07-20 Stefan Heugenhauser, Erhard Kaschnitz and Peter Schumacher, Development of an aluminum compound casting process – Experiments and numerical simulations, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 279, art. no. 116578, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.116578
05-20 Michail Papanikolaou, Emanuele Pagone, Mark Jolly and Konstantinos Salonitis, Numerical simulation and evaluation of Campbell running and gating systems, Metals, 10.1, art. no. 68, 2020. doi.org/10.3390/met10010068
102-19 Ferencz Peti and Gabriela Strnad, The effect of squeeze pin dimension and operational parameters on material homogeneity of aluminium high pressure die cast parts, Acta Marisiensis. Seria Technologica, 16.2, 2019. doi.org/0.2478/amset-2019-0010
94-19 E. Riedel, I. Horn, N. Stein, H. Stein, R. Bahr, and S. Scharf, Ultrasonic treatment: a clean technology that supports sustainability incasting processes, Procedia, 26th CIRP Life Cycle Engineering (LCE) Conference, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, May 7-9, 2019.
93-19 Adrian V. Catalina, Liping Xue, Charles A. Monroe, Robin D. Foley, and John A. Griffin, Modeling and Simulation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlSi- and AlCu-based Alloys, Transactions, 123rd Metalcasting Congress, Atlanta, GA, USA, April 27-30, 2019.
84-19 Arun Prabhakar, Michail Papanikolaou, Konstantinos Salonitis, and Mark Jolly, Sand casting of sheet lead: numerical simulation of metal flow and solidification, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, pp. 1-13, 2019. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04522-3
72-19 Santosh Reddy Sama, Eric Macdonald, Robert Voigt, and Guha Manogharan, Measurement of metal velocity in sand casting during mold filling, Metals, 9:1079, 2019. doi.org/10.3390/met9101079
71-19 Sebastian Findeisen, Robin Van Der Auwera, Michael Heuser, and Franz-Josef Wöstmann, Gießtechnische Fertigung von E-Motorengehäusen mit interner Kühling (Casting production of electric motor housings with internal cooling), Geisserei, 106, pp. 72-78, 2019 (in German).
58-19 Von Malte Leonhard, Matthias Todte, and Jörg Schäffer, Realistic simulation of the combustion of exothermic feeders, Casting, No. 2, pp. 28-32, 2019. In English and German.
52-19 S. Lakkum and P. Kowitwarangkul, Numerical investigations on the effect of gas flow rate in the gas stirred ladle with dual plugs, International Conference on Materials Research and Innovation (ICMARI), Bangkok, Thailand, December 17-21, 2018. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 526, 2019. doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/526/1/012028
47-19 Bing Zhou, Shuai Lu, Kaile Xu, Chun Xu, and Zhanyong Wang, Microstructure and simulation of semisolid aluminum alloy castings in the process of stirring integrated transfer-heat (SIT) with water cooling, International Journal of Metalcasting, Online edition, pp. 1-13, 2019. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-019-00357-6
31-19 Zihao Yuan, Zhipeng Guo, and S.M. Xiong, Skin layer of A380 aluminium alloy die castings and its blistering during solution treatment, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, Vol. 35, No. 9, pp. 1906-1916, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2019.05.011
25-19 Stefano Mascetti, Raul Pirovano, and Giulio Timelli, Interazione metallo liquido/stampo: Il fenomeno della metallizzazione, La Metallurgia Italiana, No. 4, pp. 44-50, 2019. In Italian.
20-19 Fu-Yuan Hsu, Campbellology for runner system design, Shape Casting: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, pp. 187-199, 2019. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06034-3_19
19-19 Chengcheng Lyu, Michail Papanikolaou, and Mark Jolly, Numerical process modelling and simulation of Campbell running systems designs, Shape Casting: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, pp. 53-64, 2019. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06034-3_5
18-19 Adrian V. Catalina, Liping Xue, and Charles Monroe, A solidification model with application to AlSi-based alloys, Shape Casting: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, pp. 201-213, 2019. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06034-3_20
17-19 Fu-Yuan Hsu and Yu-Hung Chen, The validation of feeder modeling for ductile iron castings, Shape Casting: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, pp. 227-238, 2019. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06034-3_22
04-19 Santosh Reddy Sama, Tony Badamo, Paul Lynch and Guha Manogharan, Novel sprue designs in metal casting via 3D sand-printing, Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 25, pp. 563-578, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.12.009
02-19 Jingying Sun, Qichi Le, Li Fu, Jing Bai, Johannes Tretter, Klaus Herbold and Hongwei Huo, Gas entrainment behavior of aluminum alloy engine crankcases during the low-pressure-die-casting-process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 266, pp. 274-282, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.11.016
92-18 Fast, Flexible… More Versatile, Foundry Management Technology, March, 2018.
82-18 Xu Zhao, Ping Wang, Tao Li, Bo-yu Zhang, Peng Wang, Guan-zhou Wang and Shi-qi Lu, Gating system optimization of high pressure die casting thin-wall AlSi10MnMg longitudinal loadbearing beam based on numerical simulation, China Foundry, Vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 436-442, 2018. doi: 10.1007/s41230-018-8052-z
80-18 Michail Papanikolaou, Emanuele Pagone, Konstantinos Salonitis, Mark Jolly and Charalampos Makatsoris, A computational framework towards energy efficient casting processes, Sustainable Design and Manufacturing 2018: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing (KES-SDM-18), Gold Coast, Australia, June 24-26 2018, SIST 130, pp. 263-276, 2019. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04290-5_27
64-18 Vasilios Fourlakidis, Ilia Belov and Attila Diószegi, Strength prediction for pearlitic lamellar graphite iron: Model validation, Metals, Vol. 8, No. 9, 2018. doi.org/10.3390/met8090684
51-18 Xue-feng Zhu, Bao-yi Yu, Li Zheng, Bo-ning Yu, Qiang Li, Shu-ning Lü and Hao Zhang, Influence of pouring methods on filling process, microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 Mg alloy pipe by horizontal centrifugal casting, China Foundry, vol. 15, no. 3, pp.196-202, 2018. doi.org/10.1007/s41230-018-7256-6
47-18 Santosh Reddy Sama, Jiayi Wang and Guha Manogharan, Non-conventional mold design for metal casting using 3D sand-printing, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 34-B, pp. 765-775, 2018. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.03.049
42-18 M. Koru and O. Serçe, The Effects of Thermal and Dynamical Parameters and Vacuum Application on Porosity in High-Pressure Die Casting of A383 Al-Alloy, International Journal of Metalcasting, pp. 1-17, 2018. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-018-0214-7
41-18 Abhilash Viswanath, S. Savithri, U.T.S. Pillai, Similitude analysis on flow characteristics of water, A356 and AM50 alloys during LPC process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 257, pp. 270-277, 2018. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.02.031
29-18 Seyboldt, Christoph and Liewald, Mathias, Investigation on thixojoining to produce hybrid components with intermetallic phase, AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1960, no. 1, 2018. doi.org/10.1063/1.5034992
28-18 Laura Schomer, Mathias Liewald and Kim Rouven Riedmüller, Simulation of the infiltration process of a ceramic open-pore body with a metal alloy in semi-solid state to design the manufacturing of interpenetrating phase composites, AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1960, no. 1, 2018. doi.org/10.1063/1.5034991
41-17 Y. N. Wu et al., Numerical Simulation on Filling Optimization of Copper Rotor for High Efficient Electric Motors in Die Casting Process, Materials Science Forum, Vol. 898, pp. 1163-1170, 2017.
12-17 A.M. Zarubin and O.A. Zarubina, Controlling the flow rate of melt in gravity die casting of aluminum alloys, Liteynoe Proizvodstvo (Casting Manufacturing), pp 16-20, 6, 2017. In Russian.
10-17 A.Y. Korotchenko, Y.V. Golenkov, M.V. Tverskoy and D.E. Khilkov, Simulation of the Flow of Metal Mixtures in the Mold, Liteynoe Proizvodstvo (Casting Manufacturing), pp 18-22, 5, 2017. In Russian.
08-17 Morteza Morakabian Esfahani, Esmaeil Hajjari, Ali Farzadi and Seyed Reza Alavi Zaree, Prediction of the contact time through modeling of heat transfer and fluid flow in compound casting process of Al/Mg light metals, Journal of Materials Research, © Materials Research Society 2017
04-17 Huihui Liu, Xiongwei He and Peng Guo, Numerical simulation on semi-solid die-casting of magnesium matrix composite based on orthogonal experiment, AIP Conference Proceedings 1829, 020037 (2017); doi.org/10.1063/1.4979769.
100-16 Robert Watson, New numerical techniques to quantify and predict the effect of entrainment defects, applied to high pressure die casting, PhD Thesis: University of Birmingham, 2016.
88-16 M.C. Carter, T. Kauffung, L. Weyenberg and C. Peters, Low Pressure Die Casting Simulation Discovery through Short Shot, Cast Expo & Metal Casting Congress, April 16-19, 2016, Minneapolis, MN, Copyright 2016 American Foundry Society.
61-16 M. Koru and O. Serçe, Experimental and numerical determination of casting mold interfacial heat transfer coefficient in the high pressure die casting of a 360 aluminum alloy, ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A, Vol. 129 (2016)
59-16 R. Pirovano and S. Mascetti, Tracking of collapsed bubbles during a filling simulation, La Metallurgia Italiana – n. 6 2016
43-16 Kevin Lee, Understanding shell cracking during de-wax process in investment casting, Ph.D Thesis: University of Birmingham, School of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2016.
35-16 Konstantinos Salonitis, Mark Jolly, Binxu Zeng, and Hamid Mehrabi, Improvements in energy consumption and environmental impact by novel single shot melting process for casting, Journal of Cleaner Production, doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.165, Open Access funded by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, June 29, 2016
20-16 Fu-Yuan Hsu, Bifilm Defect Formation in Hydraulic Jump of Liquid Aluminum, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2016, Band: 47, Heft 3, 1634-1648.
15-16 Mingfan Qia, Yonglin Kanga, Bing Zhoua, Wanneng Liaoa, Guoming Zhua, Yangde Lib,and Weirong Li, A forced convection stirring process for Rheo-HPDC aluminum and magnesium alloys, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 234 (2016) 353–367
112-15 José Miguel Gonçalves Ledo Belo da Costa, Optimization of filling systems for low pressure by FLOW-3D, Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Mecânica, 2015.
89-15 B.W. Zhu, L.X. Li, X. Liu, L.Q. Zhang and R. Xu, Effect of Viscosity Measurement Method to Simulate High Pressure Die Casting of Thin-Wall AlSi10MnMg Alloy Castings, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Published online, November 2015, doi.org/10.1007/s11665-015-1783-8, © ASM International.
88-15 Peng Zhang, Zhenming Li, Baoliang Liu, Wenjiang Ding and Liming Peng, Improved tensile properties of a new aluminum alloy for high pressure die casting, Materials Science & Engineering A651(2016)376–390, Available online, November 2015.
83-15 Zu-Qi Hu, Xin-Jian Zhang and Shu-Sen Wu, Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Die-Filling Behavior of High-Performance Die-Cast Al–Mg–Si–Mn Alloy, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.), doi.org/10.1007/s40195-015-0332-7, © The Chinese Society for Metals and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015.
82-15 J. Müller, L. Xue, M.C. Carter, C. Thoma, M. Fehlbier and M. Todte, A Die Spray Cooling Model for Thermal Die Cycling Simulations, 2015 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, Indianapolis, IN, October 2015
81-15 M. T. Murray, L.F. Hansen, L. Chilcott, E. Li and A.M. Murray, Case Studies in the Use of Simulation- Improved Yield and Reduced Time to Market, 2015 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, Indianapolis, IN, October 2015
80-15 R. Bhola, S. Chandra and D. Souders, Predicting Castability of Thin-Walled Parts for the HPDC Process Using Simulations, 2015 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, Indianapolis, IN, October 2015
76-15 Prosenjit Das, Sudip K. Samanta, Shashank Tiwari and Pradip Dutta, Die Filling Behaviour of Semi Solid A356 Al Alloy Slurry During Rheo Pressure Die Casting, Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, pp 1-6, October 2015
74-15 Murat KORU and Orhan SERÇE, Yüksek Basınçlı Döküm Prosesinde Enjeksiyon Parametrelerine Bağlı Olarak Döküm Simülasyon, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Science, Science Journal (CSJ), Vol. 36, No: 5 (2015) ISSN: 1300-1949, May 2015
69-15 A. Viswanath, S. Sivaraman, U. T. S. Pillai, Computer Simulation of Low Pressure Casting Process Using FLOW-3D, Materials Science Forum, Vols. 830-831, pp. 45-48, September 2015
68-15 J. Aneesh Kumar, K. Krishnakumar and S. Savithri, Computer Simulation of Centrifugal Casting Process Using FLOW-3D, Materials Science Forum, Vols. 830-831, pp. 53-56, September 2015
59-15 F. Hosseini Yekta and S. A. Sadough Vanini, Simulation of the flow of semi-solid steel alloy using an enhanced model, Metals and Materials International, August 2015.
44-15 Ulrich E. Klotz, Tiziana Heiss and Dario Tiberto, Platinum investment casting material properties, casting simulation and optimum process parameters, Jewelry Technology Forum 2015
41-15 M. Barkhudarov and R. Pirovano, Minimizing Air Entrainment in High Pressure Die Casting Shot Sleeves, GIFA 2015, Düsseldorf, Germany
40-15 M. Todte, A. Fent, and H. Lang, Simulation in support of the development of innovative processes in the casting industry, GIFA 2015, Düsseldorf, Germany
19-15 Bruce Morey, Virtual casting improves powertrain design, Automotive Engineering, SAE International, March 2015.
15-15 K.S. Oh, J.D. Lee, S.J. Kim and J.Y. Choi, Development of a large ingot continuous caster, Metall. Res. Technol. 112, 203 (2015) © EDP Sciences, 2015, doi.org/10.1051/metal/2015006, www.metallurgical-research.org
14-15 Tiziana Heiss, Ulrich E. Klotz and Dario Tiberto, Platinum Investment Casting, Part I: Simulation and Experimental Study of the Casting Process, Johnson Matthey Technol. Rev., 2015, 59, (2), 95, doi.org/10.1595/205651315×687399
138-14 Christopher Thoma, Wolfram Volk, Ruben Heid, Klaus Dilger, Gregor Banner and Harald Eibisch, Simulation-based prediction of the fracture elongation as a failure criterion for thin-walled high-pressure die casting components, International Journal of Metalcasting, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 47-54, 2014. doi.org/10.1007/BF03355594
107-14 Mehran Seyed Ahmadi, Dissolution of Si in Molten Al with Gas Injection, ProQuest Dissertations And Theses; Thesis (Ph.D.), University of Toronto (Canada), 2014; Publication Number: AAT 3637106; ISBN: 9781321195231; Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-02(E), Section: B.; 191 p.
99-14 R. Bhola and S. Chandra, Predicting Castability for Thin-Walled HPDC Parts, Foundry Management Technology, December 2014
92-14 Warren Bishenden and Changhua Huang, Venting design and process optimization of die casting process for structural components; Part II: Venting design and process optimization, Die Casting Engineer, November 2014
90-14 Ken’ichi Kanazawa, Ken’ichi Yano, Jun’ichi Ogura, and Yasunori Nemoto, Optimum Runner Design for Die-Casting using CFD Simulations and Verification with Water-Model Experiments, Proceedings of the ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE2014, November 14-20, 2014, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, IMECE2014-37419
89-14 P. Kapranos, C. Carney, A. Pola, and M. Jolly, Advanced Casting Methodologies: Investment Casting, Centrifugal Casting, Squeeze Casting, Metal Spinning, and Batch Casting, In Comprehensive Materials Processing; McGeough, J., Ed.; 2014, Elsevier Ltd., 2014; Vol. 5, pp 39–67.
77-14 Andrei Y. Korotchenko, Development of Scientific and Technological Approaches to Casting Net-Shaped Castings in Sand Molds Free of Shrinkage Defects and Hot Tears, Post-doctoral thesis: Russian State Technological University, 2014. In Russian.
69-14 L. Xue, M.C. Carter, A.V. Catalina, Z. Lin, C. Li, and C. Qiu, Predicting, Preventing Core Gas Defects in Steel Castings, Modern Casting, September 2014
68-14 L. Xue, M.C. Carter, A.V. Catalina, Z. Lin, C. Li, and C. Qiu, Numerical Simulation of Core Gas Defects in Steel Castings, Copyright 2014 American Foundry Society, 118th Metalcasting Congress, April 8 – 11, 2014, Schaumburg, IL
51-14 Jesus M. Blanco, Primitivo Carranza, Rafael Pintos, Pedro Arriaga, and Lakhdar Remaki, Identification of Defects Originated during the Filling of Cast Pieces through Particles Modelling, 11th World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM XI), 5th European Conference on Computational Mechanics (ECCM V), 6th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ECFD VI), E. Oñate, J. Oliver and A. Huerta (Eds)
47-14 B. Vijaya Ramnatha, C.Elanchezhiana, Vishal Chandrasekhar, A. Arun Kumarb, S. Mohamed Asif, G. Riyaz Mohamed, D. Vinodh Raj , C .Suresh Kumar, Analysis and Optimization of Gating System for Commutator End Bracket, Procedia Materials Science 6 ( 2014 ) 1312 – 1328, 3rd International Conference on Materials Processing and Characterisation (ICMPC 2014)
42-14 Bing Zhou, Yong-lin Kang, Guo-ming Zhu, Jun-zhen Gao, Ming-fan Qi, and Huan-huan Zhang, Forced convection rheoforming process for preparation of 7075 aluminum alloy semisolid slurry and its numerical simulation, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 24(2014) 1109−1116
37-14 A. Karwinski, W. Lesniewski, P. Wieliczko, and M. Malysza, Casting of Titanium Alloys in Centrifugal Induction Furnaces, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, Volume 59, Issue 1, doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0068, 2014.
26-14 Bing Zhou, Yonglin Kang, Mingfan Qi, Huanhuan Zhang and Guoming Zhu, R-HPDC Process with Forced Convection Mixing Device for Automotive Part of A380 Aluminum Alloy, Materials 2014, 7, 3084-3105; doi.org/10.3390/ma7043084
20-14 Johannes Hartmann, Tobias Fiegl, Carolin Körner, Aluminum integral foams with tailored density profile by adapted blowing agents, Applied Physics A, doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8377-4, March 2014.
19-14 A.Y. Korotchenko, N.A. Nikiforova, E.D. Demjanov, N.C. Larichev, The Influence of the Filling Conditions on the Service Properties of the Part Side Frame, Russian Foundryman, 1 (January), pp 40-43, 2014. In Russian.
11-14 B. Fuchs and C. Körner, Mesh resolution consideration for the viability prediction of lost salt cores in the high pressure die casting process, Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2014, Copyright © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
08-14 FY Hsu, SW Wang, and HJ Lin, The External and Internal Shrinkages in Aluminum Gravity Castings, Shape Casting: 5th International Symposium 2014. Available online at Google Books
103-13 B. Fuchs, H. Eibisch and C. Körner, Core Viability Simulation for Salt Core Technology in High-Pressure Die Casting, International Journal of Metalcasting, July 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3, pp 39–45
94-13 Randall S. Fielding, J. Crapps, C. Unal, and J.R.Kennedy, Metallic Fuel Casting Development and Parameter Optimization Simulations, International Conference on Fast reators and Related Fuel Cycles (FR13), 4-7 March 2013, Paris France
90-13 A. Karwińskia, M. Małyszaa, A. Tchórza, A. Gila, B. Lipowska, Integration of Computer Tomography and Simulation Analysis in Evaluation of Quality of Ceramic-Carbon Bonded Foam Filter, Archives of Foundry Engineering, doi.org/10.2478/afe-2013-0084, Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ISSN, (2299-2944), Volume 13, Issue 4/2013
88-13 Litie and Metallurgia (Casting and Metallurgy), 3 (72), 2013, N.V.Sletova, I.N.Volnov, S.P.Zadrutsky, V.A.Chaikin, Modeling of the Process of Removing Non-metallic Inclusions in Aluminum Alloys Using the FLOW-3D program, pp 138-140. In Russian.
85-13 Michał Szucki,Tomasz Goraj, Janusz Lelito, Józef S. Suchy, Numerical Analysis of Solid Particles Flow in Liquid Metal, XXXVII International Scientific Conference Foundryman’ Day 2013, Krakow, 28-29 November 2013
84-13 Körner, C., Schwankl, M., Himmler, D., Aluminum-Aluminum compound castings by electroless deposited zinc layers, Journal of Materials Processing Technology (2014), doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.12.01483-13.
77-13 Antonio Armillotta & Raffaello Baraggi & Simone Fasoli, SLM tooling for die casting with conformal cooling channels, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-5523-7, December 2013.
64-13 Johannes Hartmann, Christina Blümel, Stefan Ernst, Tobias Fiegl, Karl-Ernst Wirth, Carolin Körner, Aluminum integral foam castings with microcellular cores by nano-functionalization, J Mater Sci, doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7668-z, September 2013.
46-13 Nicholas P. Orenstein, 3D Flow and Temperature Analysis of Filling a Plutonium Mold, LA-UR-13-25537, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Los Alamos Annual Student Symposium 2013, 2013-07-24 (Rev.1)
42-13 Yang Yue, William D. Griffiths, and Nick R. Green, Modelling of the Effects of Entrainment Defects on Mechanical Properties in a Cast Al-Si-Mg Alloy, Materials Science Forum, 765, 225, 2013.
39-13 J. Crapps, D.S. DeCroix, J.D Galloway, D.A. Korzekwa, R. Aikin, R. Fielding, R. Kennedy, C. Unal, Separate effects identification via casting process modeling for experimental measurement of U-Pu-Zr alloys, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 15 July 2013.
35-13 A. Pari, Real Life Problem Solving through Simulations in the Die Casting Industry – Case Studies, © Die Casting Engineer, July 2013.
34-13 Martin Lagler, Use of Simulation to Predict the Viability of Salt Cores in the HPDC Process – Shot Curve as a Decisive Criterion, © Die Casting Engineer, July 2013.
24-13 I.N.Volnov, Optimizatsia Liteynoi Tekhnologii, (Casting Technology Optimization), Liteyshik Rossii (Russian Foundryman), 3, 2013, 27-29. In Russian
23-13 M.R. Barkhudarov, I.N. Volnov, Minimizatsia Zakhvata Vozdukha v Kamere Pressovania pri Litie pod Davleniem, (Minimization of Air Entrainment in the Shot Sleeve During High Pressure Die Casting), Liteyshik Rossii (Russian Foundryman), 3, 2013, 30-34. In Russian
09-13 M.C. Carter and L. Xue, Simulating the Parameters that Affect Core Gas Defects in Metal Castings, Copyright 2012 American Foundry Society, Presented at the 2013 CastExpo, St. Louis, Missouri, April 2013
08-13 C. Reilly, N.R. Green, M.R. Jolly, J.-C. Gebelin, The Modelling Of Oxide Film Entrainment In Casting Systems Using Computational Modelling, Applied Mathematical Modelling, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2013.03.061, April 2013.
03-13 Alexandre Reikher and Krishna M. Pillai, A fast simulation of transient metal flow and solidification in a narrow channel. Part II. Model validation and parametric study, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.12.061.
02-13 Alexandre Reikher and Krishna M. Pillai, A fast simulation of transient metal flow and solidification in a narrow channel. Part I: Model development using lubrication approximation, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.12.060.
116-12 Jufu Jianga, Ying Wang, Gang Chena, Jun Liua, Yuanfa Li and Shoujing Luo, “Comparison of mechanical properties and microstructure of AZ91D alloy motorcycle wheels formed by die casting and double control forming, Materials & Design, Volume 40, September 2012, Pages 541-549.
107-12 F.K. Arslan, A.H. Hatman, S.Ö. Ertürk, E. Güner, B. Güner, An Evaluation for Fundamentals of Die Casting Materials Selection and Design, IMMC’16 International Metallurgy & Materials Congress, Istanbul, Turkey, 2012.
103-12 WU Shu-sen, ZHONG Gu, AN Ping, WAN Li, H. NAKAE, Microstructural characteristics of Al−20Si−2Cu−0.4Mg−1Ni alloy formed by rheo-squeeze casting after ultrasonic vibration treatment, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 22 (2012) 2863-2870, November 2012. Full paper available online.
109-12 Alexandre Reikher, Numerical Analysis of Die-Casting Process in Thin Cavities Using Lubrication Approximation, Ph.D. Thesis: The University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Engineering Department (2012) Theses and Dissertations. Paper 65.
97-12 Hong Zhou and Li Heng Luo, Filling Pattern of Step Gating System in Lost Foam Casting Process and its Application, Advanced Materials Research, Volumes 602-604, Progress in Materials and Processes, 1916-1921, December 2012.
93-12 Liangchi Zhang, Chunliang Zhang, Jeng-Haur Horng and Zichen Chen, Functions of Step Gating System in the Lost Foam Casting Process, Advanced Materials Research, 591-593, 940, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.591-593.940, November 2012.
91-12 Hong Yan, Jian Bin Zhu, Ping Shan, Numerical Simulation on Rheo-Diecasting of Magnesium Matrix Composites, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.192-193.287, Solid State Phenomena, 192-193, 287.
89-12 Alexandre Reikher and Krishna M. Pillai, A Fast Numerical Simulation for Modeling Simultaneous Metal Flow and Solidification in Thin Cavities Using the Lubrication Approximation, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications: An International Journal of Computation and Methodology, 63:2, 75-100, November 2012.
82-12 Jufu Jiang, Gang Chen, Ying Wang, Zhiming Du, Weiwei Shan, and Yuanfa Li, Microstructure and mechanical properties of thin-wall and high-rib parts of AM60B Mg alloy formed by double control forming and die casting under the optimal conditions, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.10.086, October 2012.
78-12 A. Pari, Real Life Problem Solving through Simulations in the Die Casting Industry – Case Studies, 2012 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, © NADCA, October 8-10, 2012, Indianapolis, IN.
77-12 Y. Wang, K. Kabiri-Bamoradian and R.A. Miller, Rheological behavior models of metal matrix alloys in semi-solid casting process, 2012 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, © NADCA, October 8-10, 2012, Indianapolis, IN.
76-12 A. Reikher and H. Gerber, Analysis of Solidification Parameters During the Die Cast Process, 2012 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, © NADCA, October 8-10, 2012, Indianapolis, IN.
75-12 R.A. Miller, Y. Wang and K. Kabiri-Bamoradian, Estimating Cavity Fill Time, 2012 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, © NADCA, October 8-10, 2012, Indianapolis, IN.
65-12 X.H. Yang, T.J. Lu, T. Kim, Influence of non-conducting pore inclusions on phase change behavior of porous media with constant heat flux boundary, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Available online 10 October 2012. Available online at SciVerse.
55-12 Hejun Li, Pengyun Wang, Lehua Qi, Hansong Zuo, Songyi Zhong, Xianghui Hou, 3D numerical simulation of successive deposition of uniform molten Al droplets on a moving substrate and experimental validation, Computational Materials Science, Volume 65, December 2012, Pages 291–301.
52-12 Hongbing Ji, Yixin Chen and Shengzhou Chen, Numerical Simulation of Inner-Outer Couple Cooling Slab Continuous Casting in the Filling Process, Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 557-559), Advanced Materials and Processes II, pp. 2257-2260, July 2012.
47-12 Petri Väyrynen, Lauri Holappa, and Seppo Louhenkilpi, Simulation of Melting of Alloying Materials in Steel Ladle, SCANMET IV – 4th International Conference on Process Development in Iron and Steelmaking, Lulea, Sweden, June 10-13, 2012.
46-12 Bin Zhang and Dave Salee, Metal Flow and Heat Transfer in Billet DC Casting Using Wagstaff® Optifill™ Metal Distribution Systems, 5th International Metal Quality Workshop, United Arab Emirates Dubai, March 18-22, 2012.
45-12 D.R. Gunasegaram, M. Givord, R.G. O’Donnell and B.R. Finnin, Improvements engineered in UTS and elongation of aluminum alloy high pressure die castings through the alteration of runner geometry and plunger velocity, Materials Science & Engineering.
44-12 Antoni Drys and Stefano Mascetti, Aluminum Casting Simulations, Desktop Engineering, September 2012
42-12 Huizhen Duan, Jiangnan Shen and Yanping Li, Comparative analysis of HPDC process of an auto part with ProCAST and FLOW-3D, Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 184-185 (2012) pp 90-94, Online available since 2012/Jun/14 at www.scientific.net, © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland, doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.184-185.90.
41-12 Deniece R. Korzekwa, Cameron M. Knapp, David A. Korzekwa, and John W. Gibbs, Co-Design – Fabrication of Unalloyed Plutonium, LA-UR-12-23441, MDI Summer Research Group Workshop Advanced Manufacturing, 2012-07-25/2012-07-26 (Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States)
29-12 Dario Tiberto and Ulrich E. Klotz, Computer simulation applied to jewellery casting: challenges, results and future possibilities, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.33 012008. Full paper available at IOP.
28-12 Y Yue and N R Green, Modelling of different entrainment mechanisms and their influences on the mechanical reliability of Al-Si castings, 2012 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 33,012072.Full paper available at IOP.
27-12 E Kaschnitz, Numerical simulation of centrifugal casting of pipes, 2012 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 33 012031, Issue 1. Full paper available at IOP.
15-12 C. Reilly, N.R Green, M.R. Jolly, The Present State Of Modeling Entrainment Defects In The Shape Casting Process, Applied Mathematical Modelling, Available online 27 April 2012, ISSN 0307-904X, 10.1016/j.apm.2012.04.032.
12-12 Andrei Starobin, Tony Hirt, Hubert Lang, and Matthias Todte, Core drying simulation and validation, International Foundry Research, GIESSEREIFORSCHUNG 64 (2012) No. 1, ISSN 0046-5933, pp 2-5
10-12 H. Vladimir Martínez and Marco F. Valencia (2012). Semisolid Processing of Al/β-SiC Composites by Mechanical Stirring Casting and High Pressure Die Casting, Recent Researches in Metallurgical Engineering – From Extraction to Forming, Dr Mohammad Nusheh (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0356-1, InTech
07-12 Amir H. G. Isfahani and James M. Brethour, Simulating Thermal Stresses and Cooling Deformations, Die Casting Engineer, March 2012
06-12 Shuisheng Xie, Youfeng He and Xujun Mi, Study on Semi-solid Magnesium Alloys Slurry Preparation and Continuous Roll-casting Process, Magnesium Alloys – Design, Processing and Properties, ISBN: 978-953-307-520-4, InTech.
04-12 J. Spangenberg, N. Roussel, J.H. Hattel, H. Stang, J. Skocek, M.R. Geiker, Flow induced particle migration in fresh concrete: Theoretical frame, numerical simulations and experimental results on model fluids, Cement and Concrete Research, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.01.007, February 2012.
01-12 Lee, B., Baek, U., and Han, J., Optimization of Gating System Design for Die Casting of Thin Magnesium Alloy-Based Multi-Cavity LCD Housings, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Springer New York, Issn: 1059-9495, 10.1007/s11665-011-0111-1, Volume 1 / 1992 – Volume 21 / 2012. Available online at Springer Link.
104-11 Fu-Yuan Hsu and Huey Jiuan Lin, Foam Filters Used in Gravity Casting, Metall and Materi Trans B (2011) 42: 1110. doi:10.1007/s11663-011-9548-8.
99-11 Eduardo Trejo, Centrifugal Casting of an Aluminium Alloy, thesis: Doctor of Philosophy, Metallurgy and Materials School of Engineering University of Birmingham, October 2011. Full paper available upon request.
93-11 Olga Kononova, Andrejs Krasnikovs ,Videvuds Lapsa,Jurijs Kalinka and Angelina Galushchak, Internal Structure Formation in High Strength Fiber Concrete during Casting, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 59 2011
76-11 J. Hartmann, A. Trepper, and C. Körner, Aluminum Integral Foams with Near-Microcellular Structure, Advanced Engineering Materials 2011, Volume 13 (2011) No. 11, © Wiley-VCH
71-11 Fu-Yuan Hsu and Yao-Ming Yang Confluence Weld in an Aluminum Gravity Casting, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Available online 23 November 2011, ISSN 0924-0136, 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.11.006.
65-11 V.A. Chaikin, A.V. Chaikin, I.N.Volnov, A Study of the Process of Late Modification Using Simulation, in Zagotovitelnye Proizvodstva v Mashinostroenii, 10, 2011, 8-12. In Russian.
54-11 Ngadia Taha Niane and Jean-Pierre Michalet, Validation of Foundry Process for Aluminum Parts with FLOW-3D Software, Proceedings of the 2011 International Symposium on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting, 2011.
51-11 A. Reikher and H. Gerber, Calculation of the Die Cast parameters of the Thin Wall Aluminum Cast Part, 2011 Die Casting Congress & Tabletop, Columbus, OH, September 19-21, 2011
50-11 Y. Wang, K. Kabiri-Bamoradian, and R.A. Miller, Runner design optimization based on CFD simulation for a die with multiple cavities, 2011 Die Casting Congress & Tabletop, Columbus, OH, September 19-21, 2011
48-11 A. Karwiński, W. Leśniewski, S. Pysz, P. Wieliczko, The technology of precision casting of titanium alloys by centrifugal process, Archives of Foundry Engineering, ISSN: 1897-3310), Volume 11, Issue 3/2011, 73-80, 2011.
46-11 Daniel Einsiedler, Entwicklung einer Simulationsmethodik zur Simulation von Strömungs- und Trocknungsvorgängen bei Kernfertigungsprozessen mittels CFD (Development of a simulation methodology for simulating flow and drying operations in core production processes using CFD), MSc thesis at Technical University of Aalen in Germany (Hochschule Aalen), 2011.
44-11 Bin Zhang and Craig Shaber, Aluminum Ingot Thermal Stress Development Modeling of the Wagstaff® EpsilonTM Rolling Ingot DC Casting System during the Start-up Phase, Materials Science Forum Vol. 693 (2011) pp 196-207, © 2011 Trans Tech Publications, July, 2011.
43-11 Vu Nguyen, Patrick Rohan, John Grandfield, Alex Levin, Kevin Naidoo, Kurt Oswald, Guillaume Girard, Ben Harker, and Joe Rea, Implementation of CASTfill low-dross pouring system for ingot casting, Materials Science Forum Vol. 693 (2011) pp 227-234, © 2011 Trans Tech Publications, July, 2011.
40-11 A. Starobin, D. Goettsch, M. Walker, D. Burch, Gas Pressure in Aluminum Block Water Jacket Cores, © 2011 American Foundry Society, International Journal of Metalcasting/Summer 2011
37-11 Ferencz Peti, Lucian Grama, Analyze of the Possible Causes of Porosity Type Defects in Aluminum High Pressure Diecast Parts, Scientific Bulletin of the Petru Maior University of Targu Mures, Vol. 8 (XXV) no. 1, 2011, ISSN 1841-9267
31-11 Johannes Hartmann, André Trepper, Carolin Körner, Aluminum Integral Foams with Near-Microcellular Structure, Advanced Engineering Materials, 13: n/a. doi: 10.1002/adem.201100035, June 2011.
27-11 A. Pari, Optimization of HPDC Process using Flow Simulation Case Studies, Die Casting Engineer, July 2011
26-11 A. Reikher, H. Gerber, Calculation of the Die Cast Parameters of the Thin Wall Aluminum Die Casting Part, Die Casting Engineer, July 2011
21-11 Thang Nguyen, Vu Nguyen, Morris Murray, Gary Savage, John Carrig, Modelling Die Filling in Ultra-Thin Aluminium Castings, Materials Science Forum (Volume 690), Light Metals Technology V, pp 107-111, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.690.107, June 2011.
19-11 Jon Spangenberg, Cem Celal Tutum, Jesper Henri Hattel, Nicolas Roussel, Metter Rica Geiker, Optimization of Casting Process Parameters for Homogeneous Aggregate Distribution in Self-Compacting Concrete: A Feasibility Study, © IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2011, New Orleans, USA
16-11 A. Starobin, C.W. Hirt, H. Lang, and M. Todte, Core Drying Simulation and Validations, AFS Proceedings 2011, © American Foundry Society, Presented at the 115th Metalcasting Congress, Schaumburg, Illinois, April 2011.
15-11 J. J. Hernández-Ortega, R. Zamora, J. López, and F. Faura, Numerical Analysis of Air Pressure Effects on the Flow Pattern during the Filling of a Vertical Die Cavity, AIP Conf. Proc., Volume 1353, pp. 1238-1243, The 14th International Esaform Conference on Material Forming: Esaform 2011; doi:10.1063/1.3589686, May 2011. Available online.
10-11 Abbas A. Khalaf and Sumanth Shankar, Favorable Environment for Nondentric Morphology in Controlled Diffusion Solidification, DOI: 10.1007/s11661-011-0641-z, © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2011, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, March 11, 2011.
08-11 Hai Peng Li, Chun Yong Liang, Li Hui Wang, Hong Shui Wang, Numerical Simulation of Casting Process for Gray Iron Butterfly Valve, Advanced Materials Research, 189-193, 260, February 2011.
04-11 C.W. Hirt, Predicting Core Shooting, Drying and Defect Development, Foundry Management & Technology, January 2011.
76-10 Zhizhong Sun, Henry Hu, Alfred Yu, Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Squeeze Casting Magnesium Alloy AM50, Magnesium Technology 2010, 2010 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition, February 14-18, 2010, Seattle, WA.
68-10 A. Reikher, H. Gerber, K.M. Pillai, T.-C. Jen, Natural Convection—An Overlooked Phenomenon of the Solidification Process, Die Casting Engineer, January 2010
54-10 Andrea Bernardoni, Andrea Borsi, Stefano Mascetti, Alessandro Incognito and Matteo Corrado, Fonderia Leonardo aveva ragione! L’enorme cavallo dedicato a Francesco Sforza era materialmente realizzabile, A&C – Analisis e Calcolo, Giugno 2010. In Italian.
48-10 J. J. Hernández-Ortega, R. Zamora, J. Palacios, J. López and F. Faura, An Experimental and Numerical Study of Flow Patterns and Air Entrapment Phenomena During the Filling of a Vertical Die Cavity, J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., October 2010, Volume 132, Issue 5, 05101, doi:10.1115/1.4002535.
47-10 A.V. Chaikin, I.N. Volnov, and V.A. Chaikin, Development of Dispersible Mixed Inoculant Compositions Using the FLOW-3D Program, Liteinoe Proizvodstvo, October, 2010, in Russian.
42-10 H. Lakshmi, M.C. Vinay Kumar, Raghunath, P. Kumar, V. Ramanarayanan, K.S.S. Murthy, P. Dutta, Induction reheating of A356.2 aluminum alloy and thixocasting as automobile component, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 20(20101) s961-s967.
41-10 Pamela J. Waterman, Understanding Core-Gas Defects, Desktop Engineering, October 2010. Available online at Desktop Engineering. Also published in the Foundry Trade Journal, November 2010.
39-10 Liu Zheng, Jia Yingying, Mao Pingli, Li Yang, Wang Feng, Wang Hong, Zhou Le, Visualization of Die Casting Magnesium Alloy Steering Bracket, Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys, ISSN: 1001-2249, CN: 42-1148/TG, 2010-04. In Chinese.
37-10 Morris Murray, Lars Feldager Hansen, and Carl Reinhardt, I Have Defects – Now What, Die Casting Engineer, September 2010
36-10 Stefano Mascetti, Using Flow Analysis Software to Optimize Piston Velocity for an HPDC Process, Die Casting Engineer, September 2010. Also available in Italian: Ottimizzare la velocita del pistone in pressofusione. A & C, Analisi e Calcolo, Anno XII, n. 42, Gennaio 2011, ISSN 1128-3874.
32-10 Guan Hai Yan, Sheng Dun Zhao, Zheng Hui Sha, Parameters Optimization of Semisolid Diecasting Process for Air-Conditioner’s Triple Valve in HPb59-1 Alloy, Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 129 – 131), Vol. Material and Manufacturing Technology, pp. 936-941, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.129-131.936, August 2010.
29-10 Zheng Peng, Xu Jun, Zhang Zhifeng, Bai Yuelong, and Shi Likai, Numerical Simulation of Filling of Rheo-diecasting A357 Aluminum Alloy, Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys, DOI: CNKI:SUN:TZZZ.0.2010-01-024, 2010.
27-10 For an Aerospace Diecasting, Littler Uses Simulation to Reveal Defects, and Win a New Order, Foundry Management & Technology, July 2010
23-10 Michael R. Barkhudarov, Minimizing Air Entrainment, The Canadian Die Caster, June 2010
15-10 David H. Kirkwood, Michel Suery, Plato Kapranos, Helen V. Atkinson, and Kenneth P. Young, Semi-solid Processing of Alloys, 2010, XII, 172 p. 103 illus., 19 in color., Hardcover ISBN: 978-3-642-00705-7.
09-10 Shannon Wetzel, Fullfilling Da Vinci’s Dream, Modern Casting, April 2010.
08-10 B.I. Semenov, K.M. Kushtarov, Semi-solid Manufacturing of Castings, New Industrial Technologies, Publication of Moscow State Technical University n.a. N.E. Bauman, 2009 (in Russian)
07-10 Carl Reilly, Development Of Quantitative Casting Quality Assessment Criteria Using Process Modelling, thesis: The University of Birmingham, March 2010 (Available upon request)
06-10 A. Pari, Optimization of HPDC Process using Flow Simulation – Case Studies, CastExpo ’10, NADCA, Orlando, Florida, March 2010
05-10 M.C. Carter, S. Palit, and M. Littler, Characterizing Flow Losses Occurring in Air Vents and Ejector Pins in High Pressure Die Castings, CastExpo ’10, NADCA, Orlando, Florida, March 2010
04-10 Pamela Waterman, Simulating Porosity Factors, Foundry Management Technology, March 2010, Article available at Foundry Management Technology
03-10 C. Reilly, M.R. Jolly, N.R. Green, JC Gebelin, Assessment of Casting Filling by Modeling Surface Entrainment Events Using CFD, 2010 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition (Jim Evans Honorary Symposium), Seattle, Washington, USA, February 14-18, 2010
02-10 P. Väyrynen, S. Wang, J. Laine and S.Louhenkilpi, Control of Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer and Inclusions in Continuous Casting – CFD and Neural Network Studies, 2010 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition (Jim Evans Honorary Symposium), Seattle, Washington, USA, February 14-18, 2010
60-09 Somlak Wannarumon, and Marco Actis Grande, Comparisons of Computer Fluid Dynamic Software Programs applied to Jewelry Investment Casting Process, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 55 2009.
59-09 Marco Actis Grande and Somlak Wannarumon, Numerical Simulation of Investment Casting of Gold Jewelry: Experiments and Validations, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol:3 2009-07-24
56-09 Jozef Kasala, Ondrej Híreš, Rudolf Pernis, Start-up Phase Modeling of Semi Continuous Casting Process of Brass Billets, Metal 2009, 19.-21.5.2009
51-09 In-Ting Hong, Huan-Chien Tung, Chun-Hao Chiu and Hung-Shang Huang, Effect of Casting Parameters on Microstructure and Casting Quality of Si-Al Alloy for Vacuum Sputtering, China Steel Technical Report, No. 22, pp. 33-40, 2009.
42-09 P. Väyrynen, S. Wang, S. Louhenkilpi and L. Holappa, Modeling and Removal of Inclusions in Continuous Casting, Materials Science & Technology 2009 Conference & Exhibition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, October 25-29, 2009
41-09 O.Smirnov, P.Väyrynen, A.Kravchenko and S.Louhenkilpi, Modern Methods of Modeling Fluid Flow and Inclusions Motion in Tundish Bath – General View, Proceedings of Steelsim 2009 – 3rd International Conference on Simulation and Modelling of Metallurgical Processes in Steelmaking, Leoben, Austria, September 8-10, 2009
21-09 A. Pari, Case Studies – Optimization of HPDC Process Using Flow Simulation, Die Casting Engineer, July 2009
20-09 M. Sirvio, M. Wos, Casting directly from a computer model by using advanced simulation software, FLOW-3D Cast, Archives of Foundry Engineering Volume 9, Issue 1/2009, 79-82
19-09 Andrei Starobin, C.W. Hirt, D. Goettsch, A Model for Binder Gas Generation and Transport in Sand Cores and Molds, Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Solidification Processes XII, TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Minerals Society), June 2009
11-09 Michael Barkhudarov, Minimizing Air Entrainment in a Shot Sleeve during Slow-Shot Stage, Die Casting Engineer (The North American Die Casting Association ISSN 0012-253X), May 2009
10-09 A. Reikher, H. Gerber, Application of One-Dimensional Numerical Simulation to Optimize Process Parameters of a Thin-Wall Casting in High Pressure Die Casting, Die Casting Engineer (The North American Die Casting Association ISSN 0012-253X), May 2009
7-09 Andrei Starobin, Simulation of Core Gas Evolution and Flow, presented at the North American Die Casting Association – 113th Metalcasting Congress, April 7-10, 2009, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
6-09 A.Pari, Optimization of HPDC PROCESS: Case Studies, North American Die Casting Association – 113th Metalcasting Congress, April 7-10, 2009, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
2-09 C. Reilly, N.R. Green and M.R. Jolly, Oxide Entrainment Structures in Horizontal Running Systems, TMS 2009, San Francisco, California, February 2009
30-08 I.N.Volnov, Computer Modeling of Casting of Pipe Fittings, © 2008, Pipe Fittings, 5 (38), 2008. Russian version
28-08 A.V.Chaikin, I.N.Volnov, V.A.Chaikin, Y.A.Ukhanov, N.R.Petrov, Analysis of the Efficiency of Alloy Modifiers Using Statistics and Modeling, © 2008, Liteyshik Rossii (Russian Foundryman), October, 2008
27-08 P. Scarber, Jr., H. Littleton, Simulating Macro-Porosity in Aluminum Lost Foam Castings, American Foundry Society, © 2008, AFS Lost Foam Conference, Asheville, North Carolina, October, 2008
25-08 FMT Staff, Forecasting Core Gas Pressures with Computer Simulation, Foundry Management and Technology, October 28, 2008 © 2008 Penton Media, Inc. Online article
24-08 Core and Mold Gas Evolution, Foundry Management and Technology, January 24, 2008 (excerpted from the FM&T May 2007 issue) © 2008 Penton Media, Inc.
22-08 Mark Littler, Simulation Eliminates Die Casting Scrap, Modern Casting/September 2008
21-08 X. Chen, D. Penumadu, Permeability Measurement and Numerical Modeling for Refractory Porous Materials, AFS Transactions © 2008 American Foundry Society, CastExpo ’08, Atlanta, Georgia, May 2008
20-08 Rolf Krack, Using Solidification Simulations for Optimising Die Cooling Systems, FTJ July/August 2008
19-08 Mark Littler, Simulation Software Eliminates Die Casting Scrap, ECS Casting Innovations, July/August 2008
13-08 T. Yoshimura, K. Yano, T. Fukui, S. Yamamoto, S. Nishido, M. Watanabe and Y. Nemoto, Optimum Design of Die Casting Plunger Tip Considering Air Entrainment, Proceedings of 10th Asian Foundry Congress (AFC10), Nagoya, Japan, May 2008
08-08 Stephen Instone, Andreas Buchholz and Gerd-Ulrich Gruen, Inclusion Transport Phenomena in Casting Furnaces, Light Metals 2008, TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), 2008
07-08 P. Scarber, Jr., H. Littleton, Simulating Macro-Porosity in Aluminum Lost Foam Casting, AFS Transactions 2008 © American Foundry Society, CastExpo ’08, Atlanta, Georgia, May 2008
06-08 A. Reikher, H. Gerber and A. Starobin, Multi-Stage Plunger Deceleration System, CastExpo ’08, NADCA, Atlanta, Georgia, May 2008
05-08 Amol Palekar, Andrei Starobin, Alexander Reikher, Die-casting end-of-fill and drop forge viscometer flow transients examined with a coupled-motion numerical model, 68th World Foundry Congress, Chennai, India, February 2008
03-08 Petri J. Väyrynen, Sami K. Vapalahti and Seppo J. Louhenkilpi, On Validation of Mathematical Fluid Flow Models for Simulation of Tundish Water Models and Industrial Examples, AISTech 2008, May 2008
53-07 A. Kermanpur, Sh. Mahmoudi and A. Hajipour, Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Metal Flow and Solidification in the Multi-cavity Casting Moulds of Automotive Components, International Journal of Iron & Steel Society of Iran, Article 2, Volume 4, Issue 1, Summer and Autumn 2007, pages 8-15.
36-07 Duque Mesa A. F., Herrera J., Cruz L.J., Fernández G.P. y Martínez H.V., Caracterización Defectológica de Piezas Fundida por Lost Foam Casting Mediante Simulación Numérica, 8° Congreso Iberoamericano de Ingenieria Mecanica, Cusco, Peru, 23 al 25 de Octubre de 2007 (in Spanish)
27-07 A.Y. Korotchenko, A.M. Zarubin, I.A.Korotchenko, Modeling of High Pressure Die Casting Filling, Russian Foundryman, December 2007, pp 15-19. (in Russian)
26-07 I.N. Volnov, Modeling of Casting Processes with Variable Geometry, Russian Foundryman, November 2007, pp 27-30. (in Russian)
16-07 P. Väyrynen, S. Vapalahti, S. Louhenkilpi, L. Chatburn, M. Clark, T. Wagner, Tundish Flow Model Tuning and Validation – Steady State and Transient Casting Situations, STEELSIM 2007, Graz/Seggau, Austria, September 12-14 2007
11-07 Marco Actis Grande, Computer Simulation of the Investment Casting Process – Widening of the Filling Step, Santa Fe Symposium on Jewelry Manufacturing Technology, May 2007
09-07 Alexandre Reikher and Michael Barkhudarov, Casting: An Analytical Approach, Springer, 1st edition, August 2007, Hardcover ISBN: 978-1-84628-849-4. U.S. Order Form; Europe Order Form.
07-07 I.N. Volnov, Casting Modeling Systems – Current State, Problems and Perspectives, (in Russian), Liteyshik Rossii (Russian Foundryman), June 2007
05-07 A.N. Turchin, D.G. Eskin, and L. Katgerman, Solidification under Forced-Flow Conditions in a Shallow Cavity, DOI: 10.1007/s1161-007-9183-9, © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2007
04-07 A.N. Turchin, M. Zuijderwijk, J. Pool, D.G. Eskin, and L. Katgerman, Feathery grain growth during solidification under forced flow conditions, © Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.02.030, April 2007
03-07 S. Kuyucak, Sponsored Research – Clean Steel Casting Production—Evaluation of Laboratory Castings, Transactions of the American Foundry Society, Volume 115, 111th Metalcasting Congress, May 2007
02-07 Fu-Yuan Hsu, Mark R. Jolly and John Campbell, The Design of L-Shaped Runners for Gravity Casting, Shape Casting: 2nd International Symposium, Edited by Paul N. Crepeau, Murat Tiryakioðlu and John Campbell, TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), Orlando, FL, Feb 2007
30-06 X.J. Liu, S.H. Bhavnani, R.A. Overfelt, Simulation of EPS foam decomposition in the lost foam casting process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 182 (2007) 333–342, © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
25-06 Michael Barkhudarov and Gengsheng Wei, Modeling Casting on the Move, Modern Casting, August 2006; Modeling of Casting Processes with Variable Geometry, Russian Foundryman, December 2007, pp 10-15. (in Russian)
24-06 P. Scarber, Jr. and C.E. Bates, Simulation of Core Gas Production During Mold Fill, © 2006 American Foundry Society
7-06 M.Y.Smirnov, Y.V.Golenkov, Manufacturing of Cast Iron Bath Tubs Castings using Vacuum-Process in Russia, Russia’s Foundryman, July 2006. In Russian.
6-06 M. Barkhudarov, and G. Wei, Modeling of the Coupled Motion of Rigid Bodies in Liquid Metal, Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes – XI, May 28 – June 2, 2006, Opio, France, eds. Ch.-A. Gandin and M. Bellet, pp 71-78, 2006.
2-06 J.-C. Gebelin, M.R. Jolly and F.-Y. Hsu, ‘Designing-in’ Controlled Filling Using Numerical Simulation for Gravity Sand Casting of Aluminium Alloys, Int. J. Cast Met. Res., 2006, Vol.19 No.1
1-06 Michael Barkhudarov, Using Simulation to Control Microporosity Reduces Die Iterations, Die Casting Engineer, January 2006, pp. 52-54
30-05 H. Xue, K. Kabiri-Bamoradian, R.A. Miller, Modeling Dynamic Cavity Pressure and Impact Spike in Die Casting, Cast Expo ’05, April 16-19, 2005
22-05 Blas Melissari & Stavros A. Argyropoulous, Measurement of Magnitude and Direction of Velocity in High-Temperature Liquid Metals; Part I, Mathematical Modeling, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Volume 36B, October 2005, pp. 691-700
21-05 M.R. Jolly, State of the Art Review of Use of Modeling Software for Casting, TMS Annual Meeting, Shape Casting: The John Campbell Symposium, Eds, M. Tiryakioglu & P.N Crepeau, TMS, Warrendale, PA, ISBN 0-87339-583-2, Feb 2005, pp 337-346
20-05 J-C Gebelin, M.R. Jolly & F-Y Hsu, ‘Designing-in’ Controlled Filling Using Numerical Simulation for Gravity Sand Casting of Aluminium Alloys, TMS Annual Meeting, Shape Casting: The John Campbell Symposium, Eds, M. Tiryakioglu & P.N Crepeau, TMS, Warrendale, PA, ISBN 0-87339-583-2, Feb 2005, pp 355-364
19-05 F-Y Hsu, M.R. Jolly & J Campbell, Vortex Gate Design for Gravity Castings, TMS Annual Meeting, Shape Casting: The John Campbell Symposium, Eds, M. Tiryakioglu & P.N Crepeau, TMS, Warrendale, PA, ISBN 0-87339-583-2, Feb 2005, pp 73-82
18-05 M.R. Jolly, Modelling the Investment Casting Process: Problems and Successes, Japanese Foundry Society, JFS, Tokyo, Sept. 2005
13-05 Xiaogang Yang, Xiaobing Huang, Xiaojun Dai, John Campbell and Joe Tatler, Numerical Modelling of the Entrainment of Oxide Film Defects in Filling of Aluminium Alloy Castings, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 17 (6), 2004, 321-331
10-05 Carlos Evaristo Esparza, Martha P. Guerro-Mata, Roger Z. Ríos-Mercado, Optimal Design of Gating Systems by Gradient Search Methods, Computational Materials Science, October 2005
6-05 Birgit Hummler-Schaufler, Fritz Hirning, Jurgen Schaufler, A World First for Hatz Diesel and Schaufler Tooling, Die Casting Engineer, May 2005, pp. 18-21
4-05 Rolf Krack, The W35 Topic—A World First, Die Casting World, March 2005, pp. 16-17
3-05 Joerg Frei, Casting Simulations Speed Up Development, Die Casting World, March 2005, p. 14
2-05 David Goettsch and Michael Barkhudarov, Analysis and Optimization of the Transient Stage of Stopper-Rod Pour, Shape Casting: The John Campbell Symposium, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 2005
36-04 Ik Min Park, Il Dong Choi, Yong Ho Park, Development of Light-Weight Al Scroll Compressor for Car Air Conditioner, Materials Science Forum, Designing, Processing and Properties of Advanced Engineering Materials, 449-452, 149, March 2004.
32-04 D.H. Kirkwood and P.J Ward, Numerical Modelling of Semi-Solid Flow under Processing Conditions, steel research int. 75 (2004), No. 8/9
30-04 Haijing Mao, A Numerical Study of Externally Solidified Products in the Cold Chamber Die Casting Process, thesis: The Ohio State University, 2004 (Available upon request)
28-04 Z. Cao, Z. Yang, and X.L. Chen, Three-Dimensional Simulation of Transient GMA Weld Pool with Free Surface, Supplement to the Welding Journal, June 2004.
23-04 State of the Art Use of Computational Modelling in the Foundry Industry, 3rd International Conference Computational Modelling of Materials III, Sicily, Italy, June 2004, Advances in Science and Technology, Eds P. Vincenzini & A Lami, Techna Group Srl, Italy, ISBN: 88-86538-46-4, Part B, pp 479-490
22-04 Jerry Fireman, Computer Simulation Helps Reduce Scrap, Die Casting Engineer, May 2004, pp. 46-49
21-04 Joerg Frei, Simulation—A Safe and Quick Way to Good Components, Aluminium World, Volume 3, Issue 2, pp. 42-43
20-04 J.-C. Gebelin, M.R. Jolly, A. M. Cendrowicz, J. Cirre and S. Blackburn, Simulation of Die Filling for the Wax Injection Process – Part II Numerical Simulation, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, Volume 35B, August 2004
14-04 Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov, Charles H. Sherwin, and Ruel A. Overfelt, Hot Distortion Studies In Phenolic Urethane Cold Box System, American Foundry Society, 108th Casting Congress, June 12-15, 2004, Rosemont, IL, USA
13-04 Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov and Ruel A. Overfelt, First V-Process Casting of Magnesium, American Foundry Society, 108th Casting Congress, June 12-15, 2004, Rosemont, IL, USA
5-04 C. Schlumpberger & B. Hummler-Schaufler, Produktentwicklung auf hohem Niveau (Product Development on a High Level), Druckguss Praxis, January 2004, pp 39-42 (in German).
3-04 Charles Bates, Dealing with Defects, Foundry Management and Technology, February 2004, pp 23-25
1-04 Laihua Wang, Thang Nguyen, Gary Savage and Cameron Davidson, Thermal and Flow Modeling of Ladling and Injection in High Pressure Die Casting Process, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, vol. 16 No 4 2003, pp 409-417
2-03 J-C Gebelin, AM Cendrowicz, MR Jolly, Modeling of the Wax Injection Process for the Investment Casting Process – Prediction of Defects, presented at the Third International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Minerals and Process Industries, December 10-12, 2003, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 415-420
29-03 C. W. Hirt, Modeling Shrinkage Induced Micro-porosity, Flow Science Technical Note (FSI-03-TN66)
28-03 Thixoforming at the University of Sheffield, Diecasting World, September 2003, pp 11-12
26-03 William Walkington, Gas Porosity-A Guide to Correcting the Problems, NADCA Publication: 516
22-03 G F Yao, C W Hirt, and M Barkhudarov, Development of a Numerical Approach for Simulation of Sand Blowing and Core Formation, in Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Process-X”, Ed. By Stefanescu et al pp. 633-639, 2003
21-03 E F Brush Jr, S P Midson, W G Walkington, D T Peters, J G Cowie, Porosity Control in Copper Rotor Die Castings, NADCA Indianapolis Convention Center, Indianapolis, IN September 15-18, 2003, T03-046
12-03 J-C Gebelin & M.R. Jolly, Modeling Filters in Light Alloy Casting Processes, Trans AFS, 2002, 110, pp. 109-120
11-03 M.R. Jolly, Casting Simulation – How Well Do Reality and Virtual Casting Match – A State of the Art Review, Intl. J. Cast Metals Research, 2002, 14, pp. 303-313
10-03 Gebelin., J-C and Jolly, M.R., Modeling of the Investment Casting Process, Journal of Materials Processing Tech., Vol. 135/2-3, pp. 291 – 300
9-03 Cox, M, Harding, R.A. and Campbell, J., Optimised Running System Design for Bottom Filled Aluminium Alloy 2L99 Investment Castings, J. Mat. Sci. Tech., May 2003, Vol. 19, pp. 613-625
8-03 Von Alexander Schrey and Regina Reek, Numerische Simulation der Kernherstellung, (Numerical Simulation of Core Blowing), Giesserei, June 2003, pp. 64-68 (in German)
7-03 J. Zuidema Jr., L Katgerman, Cyclone separation of particles in aluminum DC Casting, Proceedings from the Tenth International Conference on Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes, Destin, FL, May 2003, pp. 607-614
6-03 Jean-Christophe Gebelin and Mark Jolly, Numerical Modeling of Metal Flow Through Filters, Proceedings from the Tenth International Conference on Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes, Destin, FL, May 2003, pp. 431-438
5-03 N.W. Lai, W.D. Griffiths and J. Campbell, Modelling of the Potential for Oxide Film Entrainment in Light Metal Alloy Castings, Proceedings from the Tenth International Conference on Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes, Destin, FL, May 2003, pp. 415-422
21-02 Boris Lukezic, Case History: Process Modeling Solves Die Design Problems, Modern Casting, February 2003, P 59
20-02 C.W. Hirt and M.R. Barkhudarov, Predicting Defects in Lost Foam Castings, Modern Casting, December 2002, pp 31-33
19-02 Mark Jolly, Mike Cox, Ric Harding, Bill Griffiths and John Campbell, Quiescent Filling Applied to Investment Castings, Modern Casting, December 2002 pp. 36-38
18-02 Simulation Helps Overcome Challenges of Thin Wall Magnesium Diecasting, Foundry Management and Technology, October 2002, pp 13-15
17-02 G Messmer, Simulation of a Thixoforging Process of Aluminum Alloys with FLOW-3D, Institute for Metal Forming Technology, University of Stuttgart
16-02 Barkhudarov, Michael, Computer Simulation of Lost Foam Process, Casting Simulation Background and Examples from Europe and the USA, World Foundrymen Organization, 2002, pp 319-324
15-02 Barkhudarov, Michael, Computer Simulation of Inclusion Tracking, Casting Simulation Background and Examples from Europe and the USA, World Foundrymen Organization, 2002, pp 341-346
14-02 Barkhudarov, Michael, Advanced Simulation of the Flow and Heat Transfer of an Alternator Housing, Casting Simulation Background and Examples from Europe and the USA, World Foundrymen Organization, 2002, pp 219-228
8-02 Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov, and Ruel A. Overfelt, Experimental and Numerical Study of Bonded Sand-Air Two-Phase Flow in PUA Process, Auburn University, 2002 American Foundry Society, AFS Transactions 02-091, Kansas City, MO
7-02 A Habibollah Zadeh, and J Campbell, Metal Flow Through a Filter System, University of Birmingham, 2002 American Foundry Society, AFS Transactions 02-020, Kansas City, MO
6-02 Phil Ward, and Helen Atkinson, Final Report for EPSRC Project: Modeling of Thixotropic Flow of Metal Alloys into a Die, GR/M17334/01, March 2002, University of Sheffield
5-02 S. I. Bakhtiyarov and R. A. Overfelt, Numerical and Experimental Study of Aluminum Casting in Vacuum-sealed Step Molding, Auburn University, 2002 American Foundry Society, AFS Transactions 02-050, Kansas City, MO
4-02 J. C. Gebelin and M. R. Jolly, Modelling Filters in Light Alloy Casting Processes, University of Birmingham, 2002 American Foundry Society AFS Transactions 02-079, Kansas City, MO
3-02 Mark Jolly, Mike Cox, Jean-Christophe Gebelin, Sam Jones, and Alex Cendrowicz, Fundamentals of Investment Casting (FOCAST), Modelling the Investment Casting Process, Some preliminary results from the UK Research Programme, IRC in Materials, University of Birmingham, UK, AFS2001
49-01 Hua Bai and Brian G. Thomas, Bubble formation during horizontal gas injection into downward-flowing liquid, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 1143-1159, 2001. doi.org/10.1007/s11663-001-0102-y
45-01 Jan Zuidema; Laurens Katgerman; Ivo J. Opstelten;Jan M. Rabenberg, Secondary Cooling in DC Casting: Modelling and Experimental Results, TMS 2001, New Orleans, Louisianna, February 11-15, 2001
43-01 James Andrew Yurko, Fluid Flow Behavior of Semi-Solid Aluminum at High Shear Rates,Ph.D. thesis; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2001. Abstract only; full thesis available at http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/8451 (for a fee).
33-01 Juang, S.H., CAE Application on Design of Die Casting Dies, 2001 Conference on CAE Technology and Application, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, November 2001, (article in Chinese with English-language abstract)
32-01 Juang, S.H. and C. M. Wang, Effect of Feeding Geometry on Flow Characteristics of Magnesium Die Casting by Numerical Analysis, The Preceedings of 6th FADMA Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, July 2001, Chinese language with English abstract
26-01 C. W. Hirt., Predicting Defects in Lost Foam Castings, December 13, 2001
21-01 P. Scarber Jr., Using Liquid Free Surface Areas as a Predictor of Reoxidation Tendency in Metal Alloy Castings, presented at the Steel Founders’ Society of American, Technical and Operating Conference, October 2001
20-01 P. Scarber Jr., J. Griffin, and C. E. Bates, The Effect of Gating and Pouring Practice on Reoxidation of Steel Castings, presented at the Steel Founders’ Society of American, Technical and Operating Conference, October 2001
19-01 L. Wang, T. Nguyen, M. Murray, Simulation of Flow Pattern and Temperature Profile in the Shot Sleeve of a High Pressure Die Casting Process, CSIRO Manufacturing Science and Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Presented by North American Die Casting Association, Oct 29-Nov 1, 2001, Cincinnati, To1-014
18-01 Rajiv Shivpuri, Venkatesh Sankararaman, Kaustubh Kulkarni, An Approach at Optimizing the Ingate Design for Reducing Filling and Shrinkage Defects, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, Presented by North American Die Casting Association, Oct 29-Nov 1, 2001, Cincinnati, TO1-052
5-01 Michael Barkhudarov, Simulation Helps Overcome Challenges of Thin Wall Magnesium Diecasting, Diecasting World, March 2001, pp. 5-6
2-01 J. Grindling, Customized CFD Codes to Simulate Casting of Thermosets in Full 3D, Electrical Manufacturing and Coil Winding 2000 Conference, October 31-November 2, 20
20-00 Richard Schuhmann, John Carrig, Thang Nguyen, Arne Dahle, Comparison of Water Analogue Modelling and Numerical Simulation Using Real-Time X-Ray Flow Data in Gravity Die Casting, Australian Die Casting Association Die Casting 2000 Conference, September 3-6, 2000, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
15-00 M. Sirvio, Vainola, J. Vartianinen, M. Vuorinen, J. Orkas, and S. Devenyi, Fluid Flow Analysis for Designing Gating of Aluminum Castings, Proc. NADCA Conf., Rosemont, IL, Nov 6-8, 1999
14-00 X. Yang, M. Jolly, and J. Campbell, Reduction of Surface Turbulence during Filling of Sand Castings Using a Vortex-flow Runner, Conference for Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Processes IX, Aachen, Germany, August 2000
13-00 H. S. H. Lo and J. Campbell, The Modeling of Ceramic Foam Filters, Conference for Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Processes IX, Aachen, Germany, August 2000
12-00 M. R. Jolly, H. S. H. Lo, M. Turan and J. Campbell, Use of Simulation Tools in the Practical Development of a Method for Manufacture of Cast Iron Camshafts,” Conference for Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Processes IX, Aachen, Germany, August, 2000
14-99 J Koke, and M Modigell, Time-Dependent Rheological Properties of Semi-solid Metal Alloys, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Aachen University of Technology, Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials 3: 15-30, 1999
12-99 Grun, Gerd-Ulrich, Schneider, Wolfgang, Ray, Steven, Marthinusen, Jan-Olaf, Recent Improvements in Ceramic Foam Filter Design by Coupled Heat and Fluid Flow Modeling, Proc TMS Annual Meeting, 1999, pp. 1041-1047
10-99 Bongcheol Park and Jerald R. Brevick, Computer Flow Modeling of Cavity Pre-fill Effects in High Pressure Die Casting, NADCA Proceedings, Cleveland T99-011, November, 1999
8-99 Brad Guthrie, Simulation Reduces Aluminum Die Casting Cost by Reducing Volume, Die Casting Engineer Magazine, September/October 1999, pp. 78-81
7-99 Fred L. Church, Virtual Reality Predicts Cast Metal Flow, Modern Metals, September, 1999, pp. 67F-J
19-98 Grun, Gerd-Ulrich, & Schneider, Wolfgang, Numerical Modeling of Fluid Flow Phenomena in the Launder-integrated Tool Within Casting Unit Development, Proc TMS Annual Meeting, 1998, pp. 1175-1182
18-98 X. Yang & J. Campbell, Liquid Metal Flow in a Pouring Basin, Int. J. Cast Metals Res, 1998, 10, pp. 239-253
15-98 R. Van Tol, Mould Filling of Horizontal Thin-Wall Castings, Delft University Press, The Netherlands, 1998
14-98 J. Daughtery and K. A. Williams, Thermal Modeling of Mold Material Candidates for Copper Pressure Die Casting of the Induction Motor Rotor Structure, Proc. Int’l Workshop on Permanent Mold Casting of Copper-Based Alloys, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Oct. 15-16, 1998
10-98 C. W. Hirt, and M.R. Barkhudarov, Lost Foam Casting Simulation with Defect Prediction, Flow Science Inc, presented at Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes VIII Conference, June 7-12, 1998, Catamaran Hotel, San Diego, California
9-98 M. R. Barkhudarov and C. W. Hirt, Tracking Defects, Flow Science Inc, presented at the 1st International Aluminum Casting Technology Symposium, 12-14 October 1998, Rosemont, IL
5-98 J. Righi, Computer Simulation Helps Eliminate Porosity, Die Casting Management Magazine, pp. 36-38, January 1998
3-98 P. Kapranos, M. R. Barkhudarov, D. H. Kirkwood, Modeling of Structural Breakdown during Rapid Compression of Semi-Solid Alloy Slugs, Dept. Engineering Materials, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K. and Flow Science Inc, USA, Presented at the 5th International Conference Semi-Solid Processing of Alloys and Composites, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 23-25 June 1998
1-98 U. Jerichow, T. Altan, and P. R. Sahm, Semi Solid Metal Forming of Aluminum Alloys-The Effect of Process Variables Upon Material Flow, Cavity Fill and Mechanical Properties, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, published in Die Casting Engineer, p. 26, Jan/Feb 1998
8-97 Michael Barkhudarov, High Pressure Die Casting Simulation Using FLOW-3D, Die Casting Engineer, 1997
15-97 M. R. Barkhudarov, Advanced Simulation of the Flow and Heat Transfer Process in Simultaneous Engineering, Flow Science report, presented at the Casting 1997 – International ADI and Simulation Conference, Helsinki, Finland, May 28-30, 1997
14-97 M. Ranganathan and R. Shivpuri, Reducing Scrap and Increasing Die Life in Low Pressure Die Casting through Flow Simulation and Accelerated Testing, Dept. Welding and Systems Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, presented at 19th International Die Casting Congress & Exposition, November 3-6, 1997
13-97 J. Koke, Modellierung und Simulation der Fließeigenschaften teilerstarrter Metallegierungen, Livt Information, Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, RWTH Aachen, October 1997
10-97 J. P. Greene and J. O. Wilkes, Numerical Analysis of Injection Molding of Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics – Part 2 Fiber Orientation, Body-in-White Center, General Motors Corp. and Dept. Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 37, No. 6, June 1997
9-97 J. P. Greene and J. O. Wilkes, Numerical Analysis of Injection Molding of Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics. Part 1 – Injection Pressures and Flow, Manufacturing Center, General Motors Corp. and Dept. Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 37, No. 3, March 1997
8-97 H. Grazzini and D. Nesa, Thermophysical Properties, Casting Simulation and Experiments for a Stainless Steel, AT Systemes (Renault) report, presented at the Solidification Processing ’97 Conference, July 7-10, 1997, Sheffield, U.K.
7-97 R. Van Tol, L. Katgerman and H. E. A. Van den Akker, Horizontal Mould Filling of a Thin Wall Aluminum Casting, Laboratory of Materials report, Delft University, presented at the Solidification Processing ’97 Conference, July 7-10, 1997, Sheffield, U.K.
6-97 M. R. Barkhudarov, Is Fluid Flow Important for Predicting Solidification, Flow Science report, presented at the Solidification Processing ’97 Conference, July 7-10, 1997, Sheffield, U.K.
22-96 Grun, Gerd-Ulrich & Schneider, Wolfgang, 3-D Modeling of the Start-up Phase of DC Casting of Sheet Ingots, Proc TMS Annual Meeting, 1996, pp. 971-981
9-96 M. R. Barkhudarov and C. W. Hirt, Thixotropic Flow Effects under Conditions of Strong Shear, Flow Science report FSI96-00-2, to be presented at the “Materials Week ’96” TMS Conference, Cincinnati, OH, 7-10 October 1996
4-96 C. W. Hirt, A Computational Model for the Lost Foam Process, Flow Science final report, February 1996 (FSI-96-57-R2)
3-96 M. R. Barkhudarov, C. L. Bronisz, C. W. Hirt, Three-Dimensional Thixotropic Flow Model, Flow Science report, FSI-96-00-1, published in the proceedings of (pp. 110- 114) and presented at the 4th International Conference on Semi-Solid Processing of Alloys and Composites, The University of Sheffield, 19-21 June 1996
1-96 M. R. Barkhudarov, J. Beech, K. Chang, and S. B. Chin, Numerical Simulation of Metal/Mould Interfacial Heat Transfer in Casting, Dept. Mech. & Process Engineering, Dept. Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield and Flow Science Inc, 9th Int. Symposium on Transport Phenomena in Thermal-Fluid Engineering, June 25-28, 1996, Singapore
11-95 Barkhudarov, M. R., Hirt, C.W., Casting Simulation Mold Filling and Solidification-Benchmark Calculations Using FLOW-3D, Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Processes VII, pp 935-946
10-95 Grun, Gerd-Ulrich, & Schneider, Wolfgang, Optimal Design of a Distribution Pan for Level Pour Casting, Proc TMS Annual Meeting, 1995, pp. 1061-1070
9-95 E. Masuda, I. Itoh, K. Haraguchi, Application of Mold Filling Simulation to Die Casting Processes, Honda Engineering Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan, presented at the Modelling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes VII, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1995
6-95 K. Venkatesan, Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Process Parameters on the Erosive Wear of Die Casting Dies, presented for Ph.D. degree at Ohio State University, 1995
5-95 J. Righi, A. F. LaCamera, S. A. Jones, W. G. Truckner, T. N. Rouns, Integration of Experience and Simulation Based Understanding in the Die Design Process, Alcoa Technical Center, Alcoa Center, PA 15069, presented by the North American Die Casting Association, 1995
2-95 K. Venkatesan and R. Shivpuri, Numerical Simulation and Comparison with Water Modeling Studies of the Inertia Dominated Cavity Filling in Die Casting, NUMIFORM, 1995
1-95 K. Venkatesan and R. Shivpuri, Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Gate Velocity and Gate Size on the Quality of Die Casting Parts, NAMRC, 1995.
15-94 D. Liang, Y. Bayraktar, S. A. Moir, M. Barkhudarov, and H. Jones, Primary Silicon Segregation During Isothermal Holding of Hypereutectic AI-18.3%Si Alloy in the Freezing Range, Dept. of Engr. Materials, U. of Sheffield, Metals and Materials, February 1994
13-94 Deniece Korzekwa and Paul Dunn, A Combined Experimental and Modeling Approach to Uranium Casting, Materials Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, presented at the Symposium on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting, El Dorado Hotel, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 1994
12-94 R. van Tol, H. E. A. van den Akker and L. Katgerman, CFD Study of the Mould Filling of a Horizontal Thin Wall Aluminum Casting, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, HTD-Vol. 284/AMD-Vol. 182, Transport Phenomena in Solidification, ASME 1994
11-94 M. R. Barkhudarov and K. A. Williams, Simulation of ‘Surface Turbulence’ Fluid Phenomena During the Mold Filling Phase of Gravity Castings, Flow Science Technical Note #41, November 1994 (FSI-94-TN41)
10-94 M. R. Barkhudarov and S. B. Chin, Stability of a Numerical Algorithm for Gas Bubble Modelling, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K., International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, Vol. 19, 415-437 (1994)
16-93 K. Venkatesan and R. Shivpuri, Numerical Simulation of Die Cavity Filling in Die Castings and an Evaluation of Process Parameters on Die Wear, Dept. of Industrial Systems Engineering, Presented by: N.A. Die Casting Association, Cleveland, Ohio, October 18-21, 1993
15-93 K. Venkatesen and R. Shivpuri, Numerical Modeling of Filling and Solidification for Improved Quality of Die Casting: A Literature Survey (Chapters II and III), Engineering Research Center for Net Shape Manufacturing, Report C-93-07, August 1993, Ohio State University
1-93 P-E Persson, Computer Simulation of the Solidification of a Hub Carrier for the Volvo 800 Series, AB Volvo Technological Development, Metals Laboratory, Technical Report No. LM 500014E, Jan. 1993
13-92 D. R. Korzekwa, M. A. K. Lewis, Experimentation and Simulation of Gravity Fed Lead Castings, in proceedings of a TMS Symposium on Concurrent Engineering Approach to Materials Processing, S. N. Dwivedi, A. J. Paul and F. R. Dax, eds., TMS-AIME Warrendale, p. 155 (1992)
12-92 M. A. K. Lewis, Near-Net-Shaiconpe Casting Simulation and Experimentation, MST 1992 Review, Los Alamos National Laboratory
2-92 M. R. Barkhudarov, H. You, J. Beech, S. B. Chin, D. H. Kirkwood, Validation and Development of FLOW-3D for Casting, School of Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, presented at the TMS/AIME Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, March 3, 1992
1-92 D. R. Korzekwa and L. A. Jacobson, Los Alamos National Laboratory and C.W. Hirt, Flow Science Inc, Modeling Planar Flow Casting with FLOW-3D, presented at the TMS/AIME Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, March 3, 1992
12-91 R. Shivpuri, M. Kuthirakulathu, and M. Mittal, Nonisothermal 3-D Finite Difference Simulation of Cavity Filling during the Die Casting Process, Dept. Industrial and Systems Engineering, Ohio State University, presented at the 1991 Winter Annual ASME Meeting, Atlanta, GA, Dec. 1-6, 1991
3-91 C. W. Hirt, A FLOW-3D Study of the Importance of Fluid Momentum in Mold Filling, presented at the 18th Annual Automotive Materials Symposium, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, May 1-2, 1991 (FSI-91-00-2)
11-90 N. Saluja, O.J. Ilegbusi, and J. Szekely, On the Calculation of the Electromagnetic Force Field in the Circular Stirring of Metallic Melts, accepted in J. Appl. Physics, 1990
10-90 N. Saluja, O. J. Ilegbusi, and J. Szekely, On the Calculation of the Electromagnetic Force Field in the Circular Stirring of Metallic Molds in Continuous Castings, presented at the 6th Iron and Steel Congress of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, Nagoya, Japan, October 1990
9-90 N. Saluja, O. J. Ilegbusi, and J. Szekely, Fluid Flow in Phenomena in the Electromagnetic Stirring of Continuous Casting Systems, Part I. The Behavior of a Cylindrically Shaped, Laboratory Scale Installation, accepted for publication in Steel Research, 1990
8-89 C. W. Hirt, Gravity-Fed Casting, Flow Science Technical Note #20, July 1989 (FSI-89-TN20)
6-89 E. W. M. Hansen and F. Syvertsen, Numerical Simulation of Flow Behaviour in Moldfilling for Casting Analysis, SINTEF-Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Report No. STS20 A89001, June 1989
1-88 C. W. Hirt and R. P. Harper, Modeling Tests for Casting Processes, Flow Science report, Jan. 1988 (FSI-88-38-01)
2-87 C. W. Hirt, Addition of a Solidification/Melting Model to FLOW-3D, Flow Science report, April 1987 (FSI-87-33-1)
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Fluid dynamics modelling for additive manufacturing
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Thermodynamic reactors… – on-a-chip
David Sinton – Mechanical and Industrial Engineering – University of Toronto
Solidification
Particle DEM modeling
Courtecy Flow Science Japan
Particle DEM modeling + laser sintering
 | FLOW-3D 는 유체의 동적 거동을 연구하는 개발 및 설계 엔지니어에게 꼭 필요한 유동 시뮬레이션 솔루션을 제공합니다. FLOW-3D는 1, 2, 3차원의 자유 표면 해석, 시간에 따른 유체의 유동해석, 제한된 유체의 흐름, 정상 상태의 문제들을 완벽하게 해결 할 수 있습니다. |
 | FLOW-3D/MP 는 흔히 슈퍼컴퓨터 또는 클러스터 컴퓨터를 이용하여 고성능 컴퓨팅(HPC, High-Performance Computing)을 할 수 있는 제품으로 대규모 또는 장시간 계산이 필요한 문제를 효과적으로 해결할 수 있도록 뛰어난 성능을 제공합니다. FLOW-3D/MP 는 초대형 컴퓨팅 시스템부터 조립식 클러스터까지 쉽게 고성능 컴퓨팅 클러스터를 활용할 수 있습니다. |
 | FLOW-3D/CAST 는 금속 주조 공정 시뮬레이션을 위해 특별히 설계된 FLOW-3D의 특별 버전입니다. 본 제품은 FLOW-3D의 강력한 해석기능을 주조분야 설계자가 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 쉬운 인터페이스를 제공합니다. |
FLOW Weld 는 용접 해석에 필요한 모델을 FLOW-3D 에 추가하는 추가 모듈입니다. FLOW-3D 표면 장력 자유 표면 분석, 용융 · 응고 · 증발 상 변화 모델 등의 기본 기능을 응용하여 각종 용접 현상을 분석 할 수 있습니다. | |
FLOW DEM은 FLOW-3D의 기체 및 액체 유동 해석에 DEM(Discrete Element Method : 개별 요소법)공법인 입자의 거동을 분석해주는 모듈입니다. 유체 부분은 FLOW-3D 분석 기능을 사용하기 때문에 유체 및 입자거동의 연성해석을 고정밀도 및 효율적으로 분석할 수 있습니다. |
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금속 3D 프린팅은 적층제조(Additive Manufacturing) 가공법이라고 불리며 일반적으로 금속 파우더 또는 와이어를 한 층씩 적층하여 제조하는 공법이다. 금속 적층제조 공법에 대한 관심은 지난 몇 년 동안 지속적으로 이루어지고 있으며 이와 관련된 연구개발도 활발히 진행되고 있다. 금속 3D 프린팅은 복잡하거나 특수한 형상을 손쉽게 설계하고 제조할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있어 조선, 우주 항공, 자동차, 의료,기계 등 다양한 분야에서 사용되고 있다.이러한 금속 3D 프린팅은 크게 Powder Bed Fusion(PBF) 공정과 Directed Energy Deposition(DED) 공정으로 분류할 수 있다.
PBF는 금속 파우더를 소재로 하는 공정으로 파우더를 평평히 깔고, 고밀도 에너지를 가진 레이저 또는 전자빔을 지정된 영역에 조사(Irradiation)하여 파우더를 소결시키거나 용융시켜 한 층씩 적층하는 방법이다. DED는 고출력 레이저 빔을 금속 표면에 조사하면서 동시에 금속 파우더도 같이 분출되어 용융지가 실시간으로 적층되는 공정이다. 용접과 유사한 방법으로 기존 제품에 덧붙여 쌓아 올릴 수 있어 보수 작업에 활용할 수 있다. 그리고, DED 공정에서는 이종 소재의 적층이 가능하여 다양한 금속 파우더를 활용한 합금 제작이나 다른 재질을 소재를 적층할 수 있다
FLOW-3D의 Weld 모듈을 이용하여 레이저 파워, 열 유속, 레이저 Spot 사이즈, 레이저 움직임과 속도, 실드 가스, 멀티 반사효과, 반사율, 증발압력 효과, 표면장력 설정 등을 고려하여 Powder에 레이저조사 조건을 설정하여 용융거동을 확인할 수 있다.
DED 공정 해석은 FLOW-3D의 Particle 기능을 이용한 방법으로, Base Metal에 입자들이 낙하되면서 레이저의 열유속에 의해 용융 및 적층된다. 이 방법은 입자가 떨어지는 현상을 시각적으로 확인할 수 있다.
기사 상세 내용은 PDF로 제공됩니다.
다운로드 : [201907_FLOW3D_금속3D프린팅]
작성자 | 양정호_에스티아이C&D 솔루션사업부 대리, 조애령_에스티아이C&D 솔루션 사업부 차장
이메일 | flow3d@stikorea.co.kr
홈페이지 | www.flow3d.co.kr
출처 : CAD&Graphics 2019년 07월호
FLOW-3D는 유체의 유동 및 열전달 수치 해석 소프트웨어이며, 자유표면(자유수면)을 가진 유체의 흐름을 정확하게 예측한다. FLOW-3D는 수 많은 물리적 유동 현상에 대한 시뮬레이션 모델을 제공하여, 설계 및 운영 단계에서 엔지니어가 쉽고 정확하게 판단할 수 있도록 해주기 때문에 수리, 주조, 기계, 항공, 용접, 적층 공정, 금속 3D 프린팅 등 여러 분야에서 사용되는 소프트웨어이다. 이번 호에서는 FLOW-3D의 다양한 활용 분야 중에서 레이저 용접 분야(Weld 모듈이 연계된 FLOW-3D Weld를 사용)에 대해 자세히 알아보고자 한다.
레이저 용접은 레이저 광선의 출력을 응용한 용접 방법을 말한다. 레이저 용접의 장점은 용접 강도가 좋고, 열 영향 부위가 작으며, 정밀도가 높고 변형이 적으며 강철, 알루미늄, 티타늄 및 이종 금속을 포함한 광범위한 금속 및 합금을 용접할 수 있다는 것이다.
FLOW-3D Weld는 이러한 레이저 용접 공정에 대해 정확한 결과를 얻게 해 주며, 엔지니어가 레이저 프로세스를 최적화하는데 도움을 준다. FLOW-3D Weld는 레이저 소스에 의해 생성된 Heat flux, 용융 금속에 대한 증발 압력, shield gas 효과, 다중 레이저 반사 등과 같은 물리적 모델을 적용하여 Conduction 용접, Keyhole 용접, Porosity, 용융풀 거동 등을 분석할 수 있다.
이번 호에서는 레이저 용접 프로세스 및 결과물을 최적화하기 위해 필요한 물리적 설정과 대표적인 레이저 용접 해석 예제를 설명하고자 한다.
1. 레이저 광원
레이저 용접을 하는데 있어 레이저 광원의 설정이 필요하다. FLOW-3D Weld에서 사용되는 레이저 광원은 원통형과 원추형으로 설정할 수 있으며, <그림 1>과 같이 Heat flux를 일정한 상태 또는 가우시안 분포(Gaussian distribution) 형태로 나타낼 수 있다.
레이저 광원의 형태를 원추형으로, 가우시안 분포를 가지도록 Heat flux를 설정하면 <그림 2>와 같이 광원이 원추형으로 나타나며, 반경 거리에 따른 Heat flux의 에너지 밀도 차이도 확인할 수 있다.
그리고, <그림 3>과 같이 레이저 광원의 위치 좌표와 속도 벡터를 설정하면, 레이저의 위치에 대한 광원의 움직임 설정이 가능하다.
기사 상세 내용은 PDF로 제공됩니다.
다운로드[2M] : [201906_FLOW3D_레이저용접]
작성자 | 양정호_에스티아이C&D 솔루션사업부 대리, 조애령_에스티아이C&D 솔루션 사업부 차장
이메일 | flow3d@stikorea.co.kr
홈페이지 | www.flow3d.co.kr
출처 : CAD&Graphics 2019년 06월호
당사에서 오랜 기간 동안 FLOW-3D를 적용한 분야별 프로젝트 적용사례와 간단한 소개 자료를 제공합니다.
아래 분야별 적용사례 다운로드 링크를 클릭하여 자유롭게 활용하시기 바랍니다.
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| Casting 분야 적용사례 다운로드 | Hydraulics 분야 적용사례 다운로드 | WaterTreatments 분야 적용사례 다운로드 | MEMS 분야 적용사례 다운로드 |
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| Maritime 분야 적용사례 다운로드 | Laser Welding 분야 적용사례 다운로드 | Metal 3D printing 분야 적용사례 다운로드 |
뛰어난 생산성과 속도, 낮은 열 입력이 결합되어 기존의 용접 프로세스를 대체하는 레이저 용접 프로세스가 있습니다. 레이저 용접이 제공하는 장점은 용접강도가 좋고, 열 영향 부위가 작으며, 정밀도가 높고 변형이 적으며 강철, 알루미늄, 티타늄 및 이종 금속을 포함한 광범위한 금속 및 합금을 용접 할 수 있는 기능이 있습니다.
FLOW-3D는 레이저 용접 공정에 대한 강력한 통찰력을 제공하고 궁극적으로 프로세스 최적화를 달성하는 데 도움이 됩니다. 보다 나은 프로세스 제어를 통해 다공성을 최소화할 수 있습니다. 열 영향부위 및 마이크로-구조를 제어합니다. FLOW-3D는 자유표면 추적 알고리즘으로 인해 매우 복잡한 용접 풀 시뮬레이션을 해석하는데 적합합니다. 용접의 추가 모듈은 레이저 소스에 의해 생성된 Heat flux, 용융 금속에 대한 증발압력, shield gas효과, 용융 풀의 반동압력 및 다중 레이저반사와 같은 물리적 모델을 FLOW-3D에 통합하기 위해 개발되었습니다. Keyhole 용접과 같은 현실적인 프로세스 시뮬레이션을 위해서는 모든 관련 물리적 현상을 포착하는 것이 중요합니다.
FLOW-3D는 레이저 용접의 conduction and keyhole 방식을 시뮬레이션 할 수 있습니다. 전 세계의 연구원들은 FLOW-3D를 사용하여 용접역학을 분석하고, 공정 매개 변수를 최적화하여 다공성을 최소화하며, 레이저 용접공정의 수지결정 성장을 예측합니다.
Shallow penetration weld (top left); deep penetration weld with shield gas effects (top right); deep penetration weld with shield gas and evaporation pressure (bottom left); and deep penetration weld with shield gas, evaporation pressure and multiple laser reflections effects (bottom right).
한국 카이스트와 독일 BAM은 16KW레이저를 사용하여 10mm강판에 완전 침투 레이저 용접 실험을 수행하였습니다. CCD카메라의 도움을 받아 완전 용입 레이저 용접으로 형성된 상단 및 하단 용융지 역학을 포착할 수 있었습니다. 그들은 또한 FLOW-3D공정을 시뮬레이션하여 해석과 실험결과가 경향이 일치하는 것을 나타내었습니다.
General Motors, Michigan, 중국의 상하이 대학교는 공정변수, 즉 keyhole 용접에서 다공성 발생 에 대해 용접속도 및 용접각도와 같은 공정 매개 변수가 미치는 영향을 이해하기 위해 협력하여 연구를 진행하였습니다.
연구진은 시뮬레이션 모델을 기반으로 Keyhole용접에서 유도된 다공성의 주요 원인으로 불안정한Keyhole을 규정하였습니다. 아래 이미지에서 볼 수 있듯이 뒤쪽 용융 풀의 과도한 재순환은 뒤쪽 용융 풀이 앞쪽 용융 풀 경계를 무너뜨리며 다공성을 초래시킵니다. 갇힌 공간이 증가하는 응고 전면에 의해 포착되었을 때 다공성이 유도되었습니다.
용접 속도가 빠를수록 더 큰 keyhole이 생성되며 이로 인해보다 안정적인 keyhole이 구성됩니다. 연구진은 FLOW-3D를 사용하여 높은 용접 속도와 큰 용접 경사각으로 다공성을 완화시킬 수 있다고 예측했습니다.
용접분야 활용
Conduction 용접
하이브리드 레이저 용접
깊은 용접 레이저용접
레이저 적층 공법
TIG 용접
이종소재 레이저 용접
(주)에스티아이씨앤디에서는 FLOW-3D 제품군의 사용자 교육을 지원하고 있습니다. 홈페이지에 안내되어 있는 교육 일정과 교육신청 절차를 참고하시어 교육을 받으실 수 있습니다.
댐, 하천의 여수로, 수문 등 구조물 설계 및 방류, 월류 등 흐름 검토를 하기 위한 유동 해석 방법을 소개하는 교육 과정입니다. 유입 조건(수위, 유량 등)과 유출 조건에 따른 방류량 및 유속, 압력 분포 등 유체의 흐름을 검토를 할 수 있도록 관련 예제를 통해 적절한 기능을 습득하실 수 있습니다.
해안, 항만, 해양 구조물에 대한 파랑의 영향 및 유체의 수위, 유속, 압력의 영향을 예측할 수 있는 해석 방법을 소개하는 과정입니다. 항주파, 슬로싱, 계류 등 해안, 해양, 에너지, 플랜트 분야 구조물 설계 및 검토에 필요한 유동해석을 하실 수 있는 방법을 알려드립니다. 각 현상에 대한 적절한 예제를 통해 기능을 습득하실 수 있습니다.
주조 분야 사용자들이 쉽게 접근할 수 있도록 각 공정별로 해석 절차 및 해석 방법을 소개하는 교육 과정입니다. 고압다이캐스팅, 저압다이캐스팅, 경동주조, 중력주조, 원심주조, 정밀주조 등 주조 공법 별 관련 예제를 통해 적절한 기능들을 습득할 수 있도록 도와 드립니다.
레이저 용접 해석을 하기 위한 물리 모델과 용접 조건들을 설정하는 방법에 대해 소개하는 교육 과정입니다. 해석을 통해 용접 공정을 최적화할 수 있도록 관련 예제와 함께 적절한 기능들을 습득할 수 있도록 도와 드립니다.
Powder Bed Fusion(PBF)와 Directed Energy Deposition(DED) 공정에 대한 해석 방법을 소개하는 교육 과정입니다. 파우더 적층 및 레이저 빔을 조사하면서 동시에 금속 파우더 용융지가 적층되는 공정을 해석하는 방법을 관련 예제와 함께 습득하실 수 있습니다.
상기 과정 이외의 경우 고객의 사업 업무 환경에 적합한 사례를 중심으로 맞춤형 교육을 실시합니다. 필요하신 부분이 있으시면 언제든지 교육 담당자에게 연락하여 협의해 주시기 바랍니다.
교육은 매월 정해진 일정에 시행되는 정기 교육과 고객의 요청에 의해 시행되는 비정기 교육이 있습니다. 비정기 교육은 별도문의 바랍니다.
다음은 적층 제조 및 용접 참고 문헌의 기술 문서 모음입니다. 이 모든 논문에는 FLOW-3D AM 결과가 나와 있습니다. FLOW-3D AM을 사용하여 적층 제조, 레이저 용접 및 기타 용접 기술에서 발견되는 프로세스를 성공적으로 시뮬레이션하는 방법에 대해 자세히 알아보십시오.
2024년 11월 20일 update
121-24 Lovejoy Mutswatiwa, Lauren Katch, Nathan John Kizer, Judith Anne Todd, Tao Sun, Samuel James Clark, Kamel Fezzaa, Jordan Lum, David Matthew Stobbe, Griffin Jones, Kenneth Charles Meinert Jr., Andrea Paola Argüelles, Christopher Micheal Kube, High-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging of melt pool dynamics during ultrasonic melt processing of Al6061, Communications Materials, 5; 143, 2024. doi.org/10.1038/s43246-024-00584-3
120-24 Mysore Nagaraja Kishore, Dong Qian, Masakazu Soshi, Wei Li, Conforming mesh modeling of multi-physics effect on residual stress in multi-layer powder bed fusion process, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 124; pp. 793-804, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2024.06.033
113-24 Yusufu Ekubaru, Takuya Nakabayashi, Tomoharu Fujiwara, Behrang Poorganji, Processing windows of Ni625 alloy fabricated using direct energy deposition, Advanced Engineering Materials, 2024. doi.org/10.1002/adem.202400962
111-24 Ruijie Liu, Melt pool dynamic modelling for the titanium-based metal additive manufacturing process, Thesis, The University of Auckland, 2024.
104-24 Ju Wang, Meng Li, Huarong Zhang, Zhe Liu, Xiaodan Li, Dengzhi Yao, Yuhang Wu, Qiong Wu, Xizhong An, Shujun Li, Jian Wang, Xing Zhang , Cumulative effects of powder beds and melted areas on pore defects in electron beam powder bed fusion of tungsten, Powder Technology, 443; 119971, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2024.119971
100-24 Xuesong Gao, Aryan Aryan, Wei Zhang, Numerical analysis of rotating scans’ effect on surface roughness in laser-powder bed fusion, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 30; pp. 8671-8682, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.05.214
95-24 Yongbiao Wang, Yue Zhang, Junjie Jiang, Yang Zhang, Hongyang Cui, Xintian Liu, Yujuan Wu, Cross-scale simulation of macro/microstructure evolution during selective laser melting of Mg–Gd–Y alloy, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B , 2024. doi.org/10.1007/s11663-024-03104-3
94-24 Yang Chu, Haichuan Shi, Peilei Zhang, Zhishui Yu, Hua Yan, Qinghua Lu, Shijie Song, Kaichang Yu, Simulation-assisted parameter optimization and tribological behavior of graphene reinforced IN718 matrix composite prepared by SLM, Intermetallics, 170; 108307, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2024.108307
92-24 Ying Wei, Song Han, Shiwei Yu, Ziwei Chen, Ziang Li, Hailong Wang, Wenbo Cheng, Mingzhe An , Parameter impact on 3D concrete printing from single to multi-layer stacking, Automation in Construction, 164; 105449, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105449
90-24 Chuanbin Du, Yuewei Ai, Yiyuan Wang, Chenglong Ye, The effect mechanism of laser beam defocusing on the surface quality of IN718 alloy prepared by laser powder bed fusion, Powder Technology, 443; 119841, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2024.119841
88-24 Arash Samaei, Joseph P. Leonor, Zhengtao Gan, Zhongsheng Sang, Xiaoyu Xie, Brian J. Simonds, Wing Kam Liu, Gregory J. Wagner, Benchmark study of melt pool and keyhole dynamics, laser absorptance, and porosity in additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V, Progress in Additive Manufacturing, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/s40964-024-00637-6
83-24 Ao Fu, Zhonghao Xie, Jian Wang, Yuankui Cao, Bingfeng Wang, Jia Li, Qihong Fang, Xiaofeng Li, Bin Liu, Yong Liu, Controlling of cellular substructure and its effect on mechanical properties of FeCoCrNiMo0.2 high entropy alloy fabricated by selective laser melting, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 901; 146547, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2024.146547
82-24 Fatemeh Bodaghi, Mojtaba Movahedi, Suck-Joo Na, Lin-Jie Zhang, Amir Hossein Kokabi, Effect of welding current and speed on solidification cracking susceptibility in gas tungsten arc fillet welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys: Coupling a weld simulation and a cracking criterion, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 30: pp. 4777-4785, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.04.195
81-24 Myeonghwan Choi, Dae-Won Cho, Kwang-Hyeon Lee, Seonghoon Yoo, Sangyong Nam, Namhyun Kang, Severe Mn vaporization for partial-penetrated laser keyhole welds of high-manganese cryogenic steel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 227; 125567, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.125567
78-24 An Wang, Qianglong Wei, Zijue Tang, J.P. Oliviera, Chu Lun Alex Leung, Pengyuan Ren, Xiaolin Zhang, Yi Wu, Haowei Wang, Hongze Wang, Effects of hatch spacing on pore segregation and mechanical properties during blue laser directed energy deposition of AlSi10Mg, Additive Manufacturing, 85; 104147, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2024.104147
77-24 Jeongho Yang, Seonghun Ji, Du-Rim Eo, Jongcheon Yoon, Parviz Kahhal, Hyub Lee, Sang Hu Park, Effect of abnormal powder feeding on mechanical properties of fabricated part in directed energy deposition, International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing – Green Technology, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/s40684-024-00620-0
72-24 Minglei Qu, Jiandong Yuan, Ali Nabaa, Junye Huang, Chihpin Andrew Chuang, Lianyi Chen, Melting and solidification dynamics during laser melting of reaction-based metal matrix composites uncovered by in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Acta Materialia, 271; 119875, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2024.119875
71-24 Chenze Li, Manish Jain, Qian Liu, Zhuohan Cao, Michael Ferry, Jamie J. Kruzic, Bernd Gludovatz, Xiaopeng Li, Multi-scale microstructure manipulation of an additively manufactured CoCrNi medium entropy alloy for superior mechanical properties and tunable mechanical anisotropy, Additive Manufacturing, 84; 104104, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2024.104104
68-24 Jialu Wang, Shuaicheng Zhu, Miaojin Jiang, Yunwei Gui, Huadong Fu, Jianxin Xie, Solidification track morphology, residual stress behavior, and microstructure evolution mechanism of FGH96-R nickel-based superalloys during laser powder bed fusion process, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-09326-5
66-24 Erik Holmen Olofsson, Ashley Dan, Michael Roland, Ninna Halberg Jokil, Rohit Ramachandran, Jesper Henri Hattel, Numerical modeling of fill-level and residence time in starve-fed single-screw extrusion: a dimensionality reduction study from a 3D CFD model to a 2D convection-diffusion model, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 132; pp. 1111-1125, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13378-1
64-24 Feipeng An, Linjie Zhang, Wei Ma, Suck Joo Na, Influences of the powder size and process parameters on the quasi-stability of molten pool shape in powder bed fusion-laser beam of molybdenum, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-09328-3
63-24 Haodong Chen, Xin Lin, Yajing Sun, Shuhao Wang, Kunpeng Zhu, Binbin Dan, Revealing formation mechanism of end of process depression in laser powder bed fusion by multi-physics meso-scale simulation, Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 19.1; e2326599, 2024. doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2024.2326599
57-24 Masayuki Okugawa, Kenji Saito, Haruki Yoshima, Katsuhiko Sawaizumi, Sukeharu Nomoto, Makoto Watanabe, Takayoshi Nakano, Yuichiro Koizumi, Solute segregation in a rapidly solidified Hastelloy-X Ni-based superalloy during laser powder bed fusion investigated by phase-field and computational thermal-fluid dynamics simulations, Additive Manufacturing, 84; 104079, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2024.104079
51-24 Jeongho Yang, Dongseok Kang, Si Mo Yeon, Yong Son, Sang Hu Park, Interval island laser-scanning strategy of Ti–6Al–4V part additively manufactured for anisotropic stress reduction, International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 25; pp. 1087-1099, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/s12541-024-00967-z
50-24 James Lamb, Ruben Ochoa, Adriana Eres-Castellanos, Jonah Klemm-Toole, McLean P. Echlin, Tao Sun, Kamel Fezzaa, Amy Clarke, Tresa M. Pollack, Quantification of melt pool dynamics and microstructure during simulated additive manufacturing, Scripta Materialia, 245; 116036, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2024.116036
41-24 Xiong Zhang, Chunjin Wang, Benny C.F. Cheung, Gaoyang Mi, Chunming Wang, Ultrafast laser ablation of tungsten carbide: Quantification of threshold range and interpretation of feature transition, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 107.6; pp. 3724-3734, 2024. doi.org/10.1111/jace.19718
38-24 Hao-Ping Yeh, Mohamad Bayat, Amirhossein Arzani, Jesper H. Hattel, Accelerated process parameter selection of polymer-based selective laser sintering via hybrid physics-informed neural network and finite element surrogate modelling, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 130; pp. 693-712, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2024.03.030
34-24 Khalid El Abbaoui, Issam Al Korachi, Mostapha El Jai, Berin Šeta, Md. Tusher Mollah, 3D concrete printing using computational fluid dynamics: Modeling of material extrusion with slip boundaries, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 118; pp. 448-459, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2024.03.042
33-24 Hao Lu, Lida Zhu, Pengsheng Xue, Boling Yan, Yanpeng Hao, Zhichao Yang, Jinsheng Ning, Chuanliang Shi, Hao Wang, Ultrasonic machining response and improvement mechanism for differentiated bio-CoCrMo alloys manufactured by directed energy deposition, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 193; pp. 226-243, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2023.12.037
32-24 Yinghang Liu, Zhe Song, Yi Guo, Gaoming Zhu, Yunhao Fan, Huamiao Wang, Wentao Yan, Xiaoqin Zeng, Leyun Wang, Simultaneously enhancing strength and ductility of LPBF Ti alloy via trace Y2O3 nanoparticle addition, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 191; pp. 146-156, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.01.011
27-24 Zehui Liu, Yiyang Hu, Mingyang Zhang, Wei Zhang, Jun Wang, Wenbo Lei, Chunming Wang, Surface morphology evolution mechanisms of pulse laser polishing mold steel, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 269; 109039, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2024.109039
25-24 Muhammad Arif Mahmood, Kashif Ishfaq, Marwan Khraisheh, Inconel-718 processing windows by directed energy deposition: a framework combining computational fluid dynamics and machine learning models with experimental validation, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 130; pp. 3997-4011, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-12980-7
24-24 Jinsheng Ning, Lida Zhu, Shuhao Wang, Zhichao Yang, Peihua Xu, Pengsheng Xue, Hao Lu, Miao Yu, Yunhang Zhao, Jiachen Li, Susmita Bose, Amit Bandyopadhyay, Printability disparities in heterogeneous material combinations via laser directed energy deposition: a comparative study, International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, 6; 025001, 2024. doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad172f
18-24 Delong Jia, Dong Zhou, Peng Yi, Chuanwei Zhang, Junru Li, Yankuo Guo, Shengyue Zhang, Yanhui Li, Splat deposition stress formation mechanism of droplets impacting onto texture, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 266; 109002, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2024.109002
11-24 Dae Gune Jung, Ji Young Park, Choong Mo Ryu, Jong Jin Hwang, Seung Jae Moon, Numerical study of laser welding of 270 μm thick silicon-steel sheets for electrical motors, Metals, 14.1; 24, 2024. doi.org/10.3390/met14010024
8-24 Zhifu Yao, Longke Bao, Mujin Yang, Yuechao Chen, Minglin He, Jiang Yi, Xintong Yang, Tao Yang, Yilu Zhao, Cuiping Wang, Zheng Zhong, Shuai Wang, Xingjun Liu, Thermally stabe strong <101> texture in additively manufactured cobalt-based superalloys, Scripta Materialia, 242; 115942, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2023.115942
5-24 Xi Shu, Chunyu Wang, Guoqing Chen, Chunju Wang, Lining Sun, Pre-melted electron beam freeform fabrication additive manufacturing: modeling and numerical simulation, Welding in the World, 68; pp. 163-176, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/s40194-023-01647-8
4-24 Lin Gao, Andrew C. Chuang, Peter Kenesei, Zhongshu Ren, Lilly Balderson, Tao Sun, An operando synchrotron study on the effect of wire melting state on solidification microstructures of Inconel 718 in wire-laser directed energy deposition, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 194; 104089, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2023.104089
3-24 Kunjie Dai, Xing He, Decheng Kong, Chaofang Dong, Multi-physical field simulation to yield defect-free IN718 alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion, Materials Letters, 355; 135437, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2023.135437
2-24 You Wang, Yinkai Xie, Huaixue Li, Caiyou Zeng, Ming Xu, Hongqiang Zhang, In-situ monitoring plume, spattering behavior and revealing their relationship with melt flow in laser powder bed fusion of nickel-based superalloy, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 177; pp. 44-58, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2023.07.068
1-24 Yukai Chen, Hongtu Xu, Yu Lu, Yin Wang, Shuangyuzhou Wang, Ke Huang, Qi Zhang, Prediction of microstructure for Inconel 718 laser welding process using multi-scale model, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity – Current Trends in the Technology of Plasticity, pp. 713-722, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41341-4_75
211-23 Giovanni Chianese, Qamar Hayat, Sharhid Jabar, Pasquale Franciosa, Darek Ceglarek, Stanislao Patalano, A multi-physics CFD study to investigate the impact of laser beam shaping on metal mixing and molten pool dynamics during laser welding of copper to steel for battery terminal-to-casing connections, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 322; 118202, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2023.118202
207-23 Dong Liu, Jiaqi Pei, Hua Hou, Xiaofeng Niu, Yuhong Zhao, Optimizing solidification dendrites and process parameters for laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of GH3536 superalloy by finite volume and phase-field method, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 27; pp. 3323-3338, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.10.188
206-23 Houshang Yin, Jingfan Yang, Ralf D. Fischer, Zilong Zhang, Bart Prorok, Lang Yuan, Xiaoyuan Lou, Pulsed laser additive manufacturing for 316L stainless steel: a new approach to control subgrain cellular structure, JOM, 75; pp. 5027-5036, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s11837-023-06177-8
205-23 Francis Ogoke, William Lee, Ning-Yu Kao, Alexander Myers, Jack Beuth, Jonathan Malen, Amir Barati Farimani, Convolutional neural networks for melt depth prediction and visualization in laser powder bed fusion, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 129; pp. 3047-3062, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-12384-z
202-23 Habib Hamed Zargari, Kazuhiro Ito, Abhay Sharma, Effect of workpiece vibration frequency on heat distribution and material flow in the molten pool in tandem-pulsed gas metal arc welding, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 129; pp. 2507-2522, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-12424-8
199-23 Yukai Chen, Yin Wang, Hao Li, Yu Lu, Bin Han, Qi Zhang, Effects of process parameters on the microstructure of Inconel 718 during powder bed fusion based on cellular automata approach, Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 18.1; e2251032, 2023. doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2023.2251032
197-23 Qiong Wu, Chuang Qiao, Yuhang Wu, Zhe Liu, Xiaodan Li, Ju Wang, Xizhong An, Aijun Huang, Chao Voon Samuel Lim, Numerical investigation on the reuse of recycled powders in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing, 77; 103821, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103821
196-23 Daicong Zhang, Chunhui Jing, Wei Guo, Yuan Xiao, Jun Luo, Lehua Qi, Microchannels formed using metal microdroplets, Micromachines, 14.10; 1922, 2023. doi.org/10.3390/mi14101922
195-23 Trong-Nhan Le, Santosh Rauniyar, V.H. Nismath, Kevin Chou, An investigation into the effects of contouring process parameters on the up-skin surface characteristics in laser powder-bed fusion process, Manufacturing Letters, 35; Supplement, pp. 707-716, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2023.08.085
194-23 Kyubok Lee, Teresa J. Rinker, Masoud M. Pour, Wayne Cai, Wenkang Huang, Wenda Tan, Jennifer Bracey, Jingjing Li, A study on cracks and IMCs in laser welding of Al and Cu, Manufacturing Letters, 35; Supplement, pp. 221-231, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2023.08.026
192-23 Kunjie Dai, Xing He, Wei Zhang, Decheng Kong, Rong Guo, Minlei Hu, Ketai He, Chaofang Dong, Tailoring the microstructure and mechanical properties for Hastelloy X alloy by laser powder bed fusion via scanning strategy, Materials & Design, 235; 112386, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112386
191-23 Jun Du, Daqing Wang, Jimiao He, Yongheng Zhang, Zhike Peng, Influence of droplet size and ejection frequency on molten pool dynamics and deposition morphology in TIG-aided droplet deposition manufacturing, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 148; 107075, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2023.107075
188-23 Jin-Hyeong Park, Du-Song Kim, Dae-Won Cho, Jaewoong Kim, Changmin Pyo, Influence of thermal flow and predicting phase transformation on various welding positions, Heat and Mass Transfer, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s00231-023-03429-w
184-23 Lin Gao, Jishnu Bhattacharyya, Wenhao Lin, Zhongshu Ren, Andrew C. Chuang, Pavel D. Shevchenko, Viktor Nikitin, Ji Ma, Sean R. Agnew, Tao Sun, Tailoring material microstructure and property in wire-laser directed energy deposition through a wiggle deposition strategy, Additive Manufacturing, 77; 103801, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103801
182-23 Liping Guo, Hanjie Liu, Hongze Wang, Qianglong Wei, Jiahui Zhang, Yingyan Chen, Chu Lun Alex Leung, Qing Lian, Yi Wu, Yu Zou, Haowei Wang, A high-fidelity comprehensive framework for the additive manufacturing printability assessment, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 105; pp. 219-231, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.09.041
172-23 Liping Guo, Hanjie Liu, Hongze Wang, Qianglong Wei, Yakai Xiao, Zijue Tang, Yi Wu, Haowei Wang, Identifying the keyhole stability and pore formation mechanisms in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 321; 118153, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2023.118153
171-23 Yuhang Wu, Qiong Wu, Meng Li, Ju Wang, Dengzhi Yao, Hao Luo, Xizhong An, Haitao Fu, Hao Zhang, Xiaohong Yang, Qingchuan Zou, Shujun Li, Haibin Ji, Xing Zhang, Numerical investigation on effects of operating conditions and final dimension predictions in laser powder bed fusion of molybdenum, Additive Manufacturing, 76; 103783, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103783
158-23 K. El Abbaoui, I. Al Korachi, M.T. Mollah, J. Spangenberg, Numerical modelling of planned corner deposition in 3D concrete printing, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, 121.2; pp. 71-79, 2023. doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8488
156-23 Liping Guo, Hanjie Liu, Hongze Wang, Valentino A.M. Cristino, C.T. Kwok, Qianglong Wei, Zijue Tang, Yi Wu, Haowei Wang, Deepening the scientific understanding of different phenomenology in laser powder bed fusion by an integrated framework, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 216; 124596, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124596
154-23 Zhiyong Li, Xiuli He, Shaoxia Li, Xinfeng Kan, Yanjun Yin, Gang Yu, Sulfur-induced transitions of thermal behavior and flow dynamics in laser powder bed fusion of 316L powders, Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 45; 102072, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102072
149-23 Shardul Kamat, Wayne Cai, Teresa J. Rinker, Jennifer Bracey, Liang Xi, Wenda Tan, A novel integrated process-performance model for laser welding of multi-layer battery foils and tabs, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 320; 118121, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2023.118121
148-23 Reza Ghomashchi, Shahrooz Nafisi, Solidification of Al12Si melt pool in laser powder bed fusion, Journal of Materials En gineering and Performance, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08502-3
133-23 Hesam Moghadasi, Md Tusher Mollah, Deepak Marla, Hamid Saffari, Jon Spangenberg, Computational fluid dynamics modeling of top-down digital light processing additive manufacturing, Polymers, 15.11; 2459, 2023. doi.org/10.3390/polym15112459
131-23 Luca Santoro, Raffaella Sesana, Rosario Molica Nardo, Francesca Curà, In line defect detection in steel welding process by means of thermography, Experimental Mechanics in Engineering and Biomechanics – Proceedings ICEM20, 19981, 2023.
128-23 Md Tusher Mollah, Raphaël Comminal, Wilson Ricardo Leal da Silva, Berin Šeta, Jon Spangenberg, Computational fluid dynamics modelling and experimental analysis of reinforcement bar integration in 3D concrete printing, Cement and Concrete Research, 173; 107263, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107263
123-23 Arash Samaei, Zhongsheng Sang, Jennifer A. Glerum, Jon-Erik Mogonye, Gregory J. Wagner, Multiphysics modeling of mixing and material transport in additive manufacturing with multicomponent powder beds, Additive Manufacturing, 67; 103481, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103481
122-23 Chu Han, Ping Jiang, Shaoning Geng, Lingyu Guo, Kun Liu, Inhomogeneous microstructure distribution and its formation mechanism in deep penetration laser welding of medium-thick aluminum-lithium alloy plates, Optics & Laser Technology, 167; 109783, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2023.109783
111-23 Alexander J. Myers, Guadalupe Quirarte, Francis Ogoke, Brandon M. Lane, Syed Zia Uddin, Amir Barati Farimani, Jack L. Beuth, Jonathan A. Malen, High-resolution melt pool thermal imaging for metals additive manufacturing using the two-color method with a color camera, Additive Manufacturing, 73; 103663, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103663
107-23 M. Mohsin Raza, Yu-Lung Lo, Hua-Bin Lee, Chang Yu-Tsung, Computational modeling of laser welding for aluminum–copper joints using a circular strategy, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 25; pp. 3350-3364, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.06.122
106-23 H.Z. Lu, L.H. Liu, X. Luo, H.W. Ma, W.S. Cai, R. Lupoi, S. Yin, C. Yang, Formation mechanism of heterogeneous microstructures and shape memory effect in NiTi shape memory alloy fabricated via laser powder bed fusion, Materials & Design, 232; 112107, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112107
105-23 Harun Kahya, Hakan Gurun, Gokhan Kucukturk, Experimental and analytical investigation of the re-melting effect in the manufacturing of 316L by direct energy deposition (DED) method, Metals, 13.6; 1144, 2023. doi.org/10.3390/met13061144
100-23 Dongju Chen, Gang Li, Peng Wang, Zhiqiang Zeng, Yuhang Tang, Numerical simulation of melt pool size and flow evolution for laser powder bed fusion of powder grade Ti6Al4V, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 223; 103971, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2023.103971
97-23 Mahyar Khorasani, Martin Leary, David Downing, Jason Rogers, Amirhossein Ghasemi, Ian Gibson, Simon Brudler, Bernard Rolfe, Milan Brandt, Stuart Bateman, Numerical and experimental investigations on manufacturability of Al–Si–10Mg thin wall structures made by LB-PBF, Thin-Walled Structures, 188; 110814, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2023.110814
95-23 M.S. Serdeczny, Laser welding of dissimilar materials – simulation driven optimization of process parameters, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1281; 012018, 2023. doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1281/1/012018
90-23 Lin Liu, Tubin Liu, Xi Dong, Min Huang, Fusheng Cao, Mingli Qin, Numerical simulation of thermal dynamic behavior and morphology evolution of the molten pool of selective laser melting BN/316L stainless steel composite, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08210-y
89-23 M. P. Serdeczny, A. Jackman, High fidelity modelling of bead geometry in directed energy deposition – simulation driven optimization, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, NOLAMP19, 2023.
88-23 Lu Wang, Shuhao Wang, Yanming Zhang, Wentao Yan, Multi-phase flow simulation of powder streaming in laser-based directed energy deposition, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 212; 124240, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124240
80-23 Mahyar Khorasani, AmirHossein Ghasemi, Martin Leary, David Downing, Ian Gibson, Elmira G. Sharabian, Jithin Kozuthala Veetil, Milan Brandt, Stuart Batement, Bernard Rolfe, Benchmark models for conduction and keyhole modes in laser-based powder bed fusion of Inconel 718, Optics & Laser Technology, 164; 109509, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2023.109509
78-23 Md. Tusher Mollah, Raphaël Comminal, Marcin P. Serdeczny, Berin Šeta, Jon Spangenberg, Computational analysis of yield stress buildup and stability of deposited layers in material extrusion additive manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing, 71; 103605, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103605
76-23 Asif Ur Rehman, Kashif Azher, Abid Ullah, Celal Sami Tüfekci, Metin Uymaz Salamci, Binder jetting of SS316L: a computational approach for droplet-powder interaction, Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2023. doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-08-2022-0264
75-23 Dengzhi Yao, Ju Wang, Hao Luo, Yuhang Wu, Xizhong An, Thermal behavior and control during multi-track laser powder bed fusion of 316 L stainless steel, Additive Manufacturing, 70; 103562, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103562
61-23 Yaqing Hou, Hang Su, Hao Zhang, Fafa Li, Xuandong Wang, Yazhou He, Dupeng He, An integrated simulation model towards laser powder bed fusion in-situ alloying technology, Materials & Design, 228; 111795, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111795
56-23 Maohong Yang, Guiyi Wu, Xiangwei Li, Shuyan Zhang, Honghong Wang, Jiankang Huang, Influence of heat source model on the behavior of laser cladding pool, Journal of Laser Applications, 35.2; 2023. doi.org/10.2351/7.0000963
45-23 Daniel Martinez, Philip King, Santosh Reddy Sama, Jay Sim, Hakan Toykoc, Guha Manogharan, Effect of freezing range on reducing casting defects through 3D sand-printed mold designs, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11112-x
39-23 Peter S. Cook, David J. Ritchie, Determining the laser absorptivity of Ti-6Al-4V during laser powder bed fusion by calibrated melt pool simulation, Optics & Laser Technology, 162; 109247. 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2023.109247
36-23 Yixuan Chen, Weihao Wang, Yao Ou, Yingna Wu, Zirong Zhai, Rui Yang, Impact of laser power and scanning velocity on microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 738LC alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion, TMS 2023 152nd Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, pp. 138-149, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22524-6_15
34-23 Chao Kang, Ikki Ikeda, Motoki Sakaguchi, Recoil and solidification of a paraffin droplet impacted on a metal substrate: Numerical study and experimental verification, Journal of Fluids and Structures, 118; 103839, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2023.103839
30-23 Fei Wang, Tiechui Yuan, Ruidi Li, Shiqi Lin, Zhonghao Xie, Lanbo Li, Valentino Cristino, Rong Xu, Bing liu, Comparative study on microstructures and mechanical properties of ultra ductility single-phase Nb40Ti40Ta20 refractory medium entropy alloy by selective laser melting and vacuum arc melting, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 942; 169065, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.169065
29-23 Haejin Lee, Yeonghwan Song, Seungkyun Yim, Kenta Aoyagi, Akihiko Chiba, Byoungsoo Lee, Influence of linear energy on side surface roughness in powder bed fusion electron beam melting process: Coupled experimental and simulation study, Powder Technology, 418; 118292, 2023.
27-23 Yinan Chen, Bo Li, Double-phase refractory medium entropy alloy NbMoTi via selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2419; 012074, 2023. doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2419/1/012074
23-23 Yunwei Gui, Kenta Aoyagi, Akihiko Chiba, Development of macro-defect-free PBF-EB-processed Ti–6Al–4V alloys with superior plasticity using PREP-synthesized powder and machine learning-assisted process optimization, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 864; 144595, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2023.144595
21-23 Tatsuhiko Sakai, Yasuhiro Okamoto, Nozomi Taura, Riku Saito, Akira Okada, Effect of scanning speed on molten metal behaviour under angled irradiation with a continuous-wave laser, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 313; 117866, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2023.117866
19-23 Gianna M. Valentino, Arunima Banerjee, Alexander lark, Christopher M. Barr, Seth H. Myers, Ian D. McCue, Influence of laser processing parameters on the density-ductility tradeoff in additively manufactured pure tantalum, Additive Manufacturing Letters, 4; 100117, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.addlet.2022.100117
15-23 Runbo Jiang, Zhongshu Ren, Joseph Aroh, Amir Mostafaei, Benjamin Gould, Tao Sun, Anthony D. Rollett, Quantifying equiaxed vs epitaxial solidification in laser melting of CMSX-4 single crystal superalloy, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 54; pp. 808-822, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s11661-022-06929-2
14-23 Nguyen Thi Tien, Yu-Lung Lo, M. Mohsin Raza, Cheng-Yen Chen, Chi-Pin Chiu, Optimization of processing parameters for pulsed laser welding of dissimilar metal interconnects, Optics & Laser Technology, 159; 109022, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.109022
9-23 Hou Yi Chia, Wentao Yan, High-fidelity modeling of metal additive manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing Technology: Design, Optimization, and Modeling, Ed. Kun Zhou, 2023.
8-23 Akash Aggarwal, Yung C. Shin, Arvind Kumar, Investigation of the transient coupling between the dynamic laser beam absorptance and the melt pool – vapor depression morphology in laser powder bed fusion process, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 201.2; 123663, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.123663
199-22 Md. Tusher Mollah, Raphaël Comminal, Marcin P. Serdeczny, David B. Pedersen, Jon Spangenberg, Numerical predictions of bottom layer stability in material extrusion additive manufacturing, JOM, 74; pp. 1096-1101, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-05035-9
198-22 Md. Tusher Mollah, Amirpasha Moetazedian, Andy Gleadall, Jiongyi Yan, Wayne Edgar Alphonso, Raphael Comminal, Berin Seta, Tony Lock, Jon Spangenberg, Investigation on corner precision at different corner angles in material extrusion additive manufacturing: An experimental and computational fluid dynamics analysis, Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, 2022.
197-22 Md. Tusher Mollah, Marcin P. Serdeczny, Raphaël Comminal, Berin Šeta, Marco Brander, David B. Pedersen, Jon Spangenberg, A numerical investigation of the inter-layer bond and surface roughness during the yield stress buildup in wet-on-wet material extrusion additive manufacturing, ASPE and euspen Summer Topical Meeting, 77, 2022.
182-22 Chan Kyu Kim, Dae-Won Cho, Seok Kim, Sang Woo Song, Kang Myung Seo, Young Tae Cho, High-throughput metal 3D printing pen enabled by a continuous molten droplet transfer, Advanced Science, 2205085, 2022. doi.org/10.1002/advs.202205085
180-22 Xu Kaikai, Gong Yadong, Zhang Qiang, Numerical simulation of dynamic analysis of molten pool in the process of direct energy deposition, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10271-7
179-22 Yasuhiro Okamoto, Nozomi Taura, Akira Okada, Study on laser drilling process of solid metal on its liquid, International Journal of Electrical Machining, 27; 2022. doi.org/10.2526/ijem.27.35
175-22 Lu Min, Xhi Xiaojie, Lu Peipei, Wu Meiping, Forming quality and wettability of surface texture on CuSn10 fabricated by laser powder bed fusion, AIP Advances, 12.12; 125114, 2022. doi.org/10.1063/5.0122076
174-22 Thinus Van Rhijn, Willie Du Preez, Maina Maringa, Dean Kouprianoff, An investigation into the optimization of the selective laser melting process parameters for Ti6Al4V through numerical modelling, JOM, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s11837-022-05608-2
171-22 Jonathan Yoshioka, Mohsen Eshraghi, Temporal evolution of temperature gradient and solidification rate in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing, Heat and Mass Transfer, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s00231-022-03318-8
170-22 Subin Shrestha and Kevin Chou, Residual heat effect on the melt pool geometry during the laser powder bed fusion process, Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 6.6; 153, 2022. doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6060153
169-22 Aryan Aryan, Obinna Chukwubuzo, Desmond Bourgeois, Wei Zhang, Hardness prediction by incorporating heat transfer and molten pool fluid flow in a mult-pass, multi-layer weld for onsite repair of Grade 91 steel, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information, DOE-OSU-0032067, 2022. doi.org/10.2172/1898594
158-22 Dafan Du, Lu Wang, Anping Dong, Wentao Yan, Guoliang Zhu, Baode Sun, Promoting the densification and grain refinement with assistance of static magnetic field in laser powder bed fusion, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 183; 103965, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2022.103965
157-22 Han Chu, Jiang Ping, Geng Shaoning, Liu Kun, Nucleation mechanism in oscillating laser welds of 2024 aluminium alloy: A combined experimental and numerical study, Optics & Laser Technology, 158.A; 108812, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108812
153-22 Zixiang Li, Yinan Cui, Baohua Chang, Guan Liu, Ze Pu, Haoyu Zhang, Zhiyue Liang, Changmeng Liu, Li Wang, Dong Du, Manipulating molten pool in in-situ additive manufacturing of Ti-22Al-25 Nb through alternating dual-electron beams, Additive Manufacturing, 60.A; 103230, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2022.103230
149-22 Qian Chen, Yao Fu, Albert C. To, Multiphysics modeling of particle spattering and induced defect formation mechanism in Inconel 718 laser powder bed fusion, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 123; pp. 783-791, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10201-7
146-22 Zixuan Wan, Hui-ping Wang, Jingjing Li, Baixuan Yang, Joshua Solomon, Blair Carlson, Effect of welding mode on remote laser stitch welding of zinc-coated steel with different sheet thickness combinations, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, MANU-21-1598, 2022. doi.org/10.1115/1.4055792
143-22 Du-Rim Eo, Seong-Gyu Chung, JeongHo Yang, Won Tae Cho, Sun-Hong Park, Jung-Wook Cho, Surface modification of high-Mn steel via laser-DED: Microstructural characterization and hot crack susceptibility of clad layer, Materials & Design, 223; 111188, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111188
142-22 Zichuan Fu, Xiangman Zhou, Bin Luo, Qihua Tian, Numerical simulation study of the effect of weld current on WAAM welding pool dynamic and weld bead morphology, International Conference on Mechanical Design and Simulation, Proceedings, 12261; 122614G, 2022. doi.org/10.1117/12.2639074
132-22 Yiyu Huang, Zhonghao Xie, Wenshu Li, Haoyu Chen, Bin Liu, Bingfeng Wang, Dynamic mechanical properties of the selective laser melting NiCrFeCoMo0.2 high entropy alloy and the microstructure of molten pool, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 927; 167011, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.167011
126-22 Jingqi Zhang, Yingang Liu, Gang Sha, Shenbao Jin, Ziyong Hou, Mohamad Bayat, Nan Yang, Qiyang Tan, Yu Yin, Shiyang Liu, Jesper Henri Hattel, Matthew Dargusch, Xiaoxu Huang, Ming-Xing Zhang, Designing against phase and property heterogeneities in additively manufactured titanium alloys, Nature Communications, 13; 4660, 2022. doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32446-2
119-22 Xu Kaikai, Gong Yadong, Zhao Qiang, Numerical simulation on molten pool flow of Inconel718 alloy based on VOF during additive manufacturing, Materials Today Communications, 33; 104147, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.104147
118-22 AmirPouya Hemmasian, Francis Ogoke, Parand Akbari, Jonathan Malen, Jack Beuth, Amir Barati Farimani, Surrogate modeling of melt pool thermal field using deep learning, SSRN, 2022. doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4190835
117-22 Chiara Ransenigo, Marialaura Tocci, Filippo Palo, Paola Ginestra, Elisabetta Ceretti, Marcello Gelfi, Annalisa Pola, Evolution of melt pool and porosity during laser powder bed fusion of Ti6Al4V alloy: Numerical modelling and experimental validation, Lasers in Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s40516-022-00185-3
112-22 Chris Jasien, Alec Saville, Chandler Gus Becker, Jonah Klemm-Toole, Kamel Fezzaa, Tao Sun, Tresa Pollock, Amy J. Clarke, In situ x-ray radiography and computational modeling to predict grain morphology in β-titanium during simulated additive manufacturing, Metals, 12.7; 1217, 2022. doi.org/10.3390/met12071217
110-22 Haotian Zhou, Haijun Su, Yinuo Guo, Peixin Yang, Yuan Liu, Zhonglin Shen, Di Zhao, Haifang Liu, Taiwen Huang, Min Guo, Jun Zhang, Lin Liu, Hengzhi Fu, Formation and evolution mechanisms of pores in Inconel 718 during selective laser melting: Meso-scale modeling and experimental investigations, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 81; pp. 202-213, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.06.072
109-22 Yufan Zhao, Huakang Bian, Hao Wang, Aoyagi Kenta, Yamanaka Kenta, Akihiko Chiba, Non-equilibrium solidification behavior associated with powder characteristics during electron beam additive manufacturing, Materials & Design, 221; 110915, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110915
107-22 Dan Lönn, David Spångberg, Study of process parameters in laser beam welding of copper hairpins, Thesis, University of Skövde, 2022.
106-22 Liping Guo, Hongze Wang, Qianglong Wei, Hanjie Liu, An Wang, Yi Wu, Haowei Wang, A comprehensive model to quantify the effects of additional nano-particles on the printability in laser powder bed fusion of aluminum alloy and composite, Additive Manufacturing, 58; 103011, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2022.103011
104-22 Hongjiang Pan, Thomas Dahmen, Mohamad Bayat, Kang Lin, Xiaodan Zhang, Independent effects of laser power and scanning speed on IN718’s precipitation and mechanical properties produced by LBPF plus heat treatment, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 849; 143530, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2022.143530
101-22 Yufan Zhao, Kenta Aoyagi, Kenta Yamanaka, Akihiko Chiba, A survey on basic influencing factors of solidified grain morphology during electron beam melting, Materials & Design, 221; 110927, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110927
98-22 Jon Spangenberg, Wilson Ricardo Leal da Silva, Md. Tusher Mollah, Raphaël Comminal, Thomas Juul Andersen, Henrik Stang, Integrating reinforcement with 3D concrete printing: Experiments and numerical modelling, Third RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication, Eds. Ana Blanco, Peter Kinnell, Richard Buswell, Sergio Cavalaro, pp. 379-384, 2022.
93-22 Minglei Qu, Qilin Guo, Luis I. Escano, Samuel J. Clark Kamel Fezzaa, Lianyi Chen, Mitigating keyhole pore formation by nanoparticles during laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing Letters, 100068, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.addlet.2022.100068
86-22 Patiparn Ninpetch, Prasert Chalermkarnnon, Pruet Kowitwarangkul, Multiphysics simulation of thermal-fluid behavior in laser powder bed fusion of H13 steel: Influence of layer thickness and energy input, Metals and Materials International, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s12540-022-01239-z
85-22 Merve Biyikli, Taner Karagoz, Metin Calli, Talha Muslim, A. Alper Ozalp, Ali Bayram, Single track geometry prediction of laser metal deposited 316L-Si via multi-physics modelling and regression analysis with experimental validation, Metals and Materials International, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s12540-022-01243-3
76-22 Zhichao Yang, Shuhao Wang, Lida Zhu, Jinsheng Ning, Bo Xin, Yichao Dun, Wentao Yan, Manipulating molten pool dynamics during metal 3D printing by ultrasound, Applied Physics Reviews, 9; 021416, 2022. doi.org/10.1063/5.0082461
73-22 Yu Sun, Liqun Li, Yu Hao, Sanbao Lin, Xinhua Tang, Fenggui Lu, Numerical modeling on formation of periodic chain-like pores in high power laser welding of thick steel plate, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 306; 117638, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2022.117638
67-22 Yu Hao, Hiu-Ping Wang, Yu Sun, Liqun Li, Yihan Wu, Fenggui Lu, The evaporation behavior of zince and its effect on spattering in laser overlap welding of galvanized steels, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 306; 117625, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2022.117625
65-22 Yanhua Zhao, Chuanbin Du, Peifu Wang, Wei Meng, Changming Li, The mechanism of in-situ laser polishing and its effect on the surface quality of nickel-based alloy fabricated by selective laser melting, Metals, 12.5; 778, 2022. doi.org/10.3390/met12050778
58-22 W.E. Alphonso, M. Bayat, M. Baier, S. Carmignato, J.H. Hattel, Multi-physics numerical modelling of 316L Austenitic stainless steel in laser powder bed fusion process at meso-scale, 17th UK Heat Transfer Conference (UKHTC2021), Manchester, UK, April 4-6, 2022.
57-22 Brandon Hayes, Travis Hainsworth, Robert MacCurdy, Liquid-solid co-printing of multi-material 3D fluidic devices via material jetting, Additive Manufacturing, in press, 102785, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2022.102785
55-22 Xiang Wang, Lin-Jie Zhang, Jie Ning, Suck-joo Na, Fluid thermodynamic simulation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in laser wire deposition, 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing, 2022. doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2021.0159
54-22 Junhao Zhao, Binbin Wang, Tong Liu, Liangshu Luo, Yanan Wang, Xiaonan Zheng, Liang Wang, Yanqing Su, Jingjie Guo, Hengzhi Fu, Dayong Chen, Study of in situ formed quasicrystals in Al-Mn based alloys fabricated by SLM, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 909; 164847, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164847
48-22 Yueming Sun, Jianxing Ma, Fei Peng, Konstantin G. Kornev, Making droplets from highly viscous liquids by pushing a wire through a tube, Physics of Fluids, 34; 032119, 2022. doi.org/10.1063/5.0082003
46-22 H.Z. Lu, T. Chen, H. Liu, H. Wang, X. Luo, C.H. Song, Constructing function domains in NiTi shape memory alloys by additive manufacturing, Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 17.3; 2022. doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2022.2053821
42-22 Islam Hassan, P. Ravi Selvaganapathy, Microfluidic printheads for highly switchable multimaterial 3D printing of soft materials, Advanced Materials Technologies, 2101709, 2022. doi.org/10.1002/admt.202101709
41-22 Nan Yang, Youping Gong, Honghao Chen, Wenxin Li, Chuanping Zhou, Rougang Zhou, Huifeng Shao, Personalized artificial tibia bone structure design and processing based on laser powder bed fusion, Machines, 10.3; 205, 2022. doi.org/10.3390/machines10030205
31-22 Bo Shen, Raghav Gnanasambandam, Rongxuan Wang, Zhenyu (James) Kong, Multi-Task Gaussian process upper confidence bound for hyperparameter tuning and its application for simulation studies of additive manufacturing, IISE Transactions, 2022. doi.org/10.1080/24725854.2022.2039813
27-22 Lida Zhu, Shuhao Wang, Hao Lu, Dongxing Qi, Dan Wang, Zhichao Yang, Investigation on synergism between additive and subtractive manufacturing for curved thin-walled structure, Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 17.2; 2022. doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2022.2029009
24-22 Hoon Sohn, Peipei Liu, Hansol Yoon, Kiyoon Yi, Liu Yang, Sangjun Kim, Real-time porosity reduction during metal directed energy deposition using a pulse laser, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 116; pp. 214-223. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2021.12.013
18-22 Yaohong Xiao, Zixuan Wan, Pengwei Liu, Zhuo Wang, Jingjing Li, Lei Chen, Quantitative simulations of grain nucleation and growth at additively manufactured bimetallic interfaces of SS316L and IN625, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 302; 117506, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2022.117506
06-22 Amal Charles, Mohamad Bayat, Ahmed Elkaseer, Lore Thijs, Jesper Henri Hattel, Steffen Scholz, Elucidation of dross formation in laser powder bed fusion at down-facing surfaces: Phenomenon-oriented multiphysics simulation and experimental validation, Additive Manufacturing, 50; 102551, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102551
05-22 Feilong Ji, Xunpeng Qin, Zeqi Hu, Xiaochen Xiong, Mao Ni, Mengwu Wu, Influence of ultrasonic vibration on molten pool behavior and deposition layer forming morphology for wire and arc additive manufacturing, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 130; 105789, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105789
150-21 Daniel Knüttel, Stefano Baraldo, Anna Valente, Konrad Wegener, Emanuele Carpanzano, Model based learning for efficient modelling of heat transfer dynamics, Procedia CIRP, 102; pp. 252-257, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.09.043
149-21 T. van Rhijn, W. du Preez, M. Maringa, D. Kouprianoff, Towards predicting process parameters for selective laser melting of titanium alloys through the modelling of melt pool characteristics, Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie, 40.1; 2021.
148-21 Qian Chen, Multiscale process modeling of residual deformation and defect formation for laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing, Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA, 2021.
147-21 Pareekshith Allu, Developing process parameters through CFD simulations, Lasers in Manufacturing Conference, 2021.
143-21 Asif Ur Rehman, Muhammad Arif Mahmood, Fatih Pitir, Metin Uymaz Salamci, Andrei C. Popescu, Ion N. Mihailescu, Spatter formation and splashing induced defects in laser-based powder bed fusion of AlSi10Mg alloy: A novel hydrodynamics modelling with empirical testing, Metals, 11.12; 2023, 2021. doi.org/10.3390/met11122023
142-21 Islam Hassan, Ponnambalam Ravi Selvaganapathy, A microfluidic printhead with integrated hybrid mixing by sequential injection for multimaterial 3D printing, Additive Manufacturing, 102559, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102559
137-21 Ting-Yu Cheng, Ying-Chih Liao, Enhancing drop mixing in powder bed by alternative particle arrangements with contradictory hydrophilicity, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 104160, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2021.104160
134-21 Asif Ur Rehman, Muhammad Arif Mahmood, Fatih Pitir, Metin Uymaz Salamci, Andrei C. Popescu, Ion N. Mihailescu, Keyhole formation by laser drilling in laser powder bed fusion of Ti6Al4V biomedical alloy: Mesoscopic computational fluid dynamics simulation versus mathematical modelling using empirical validation, Nanomaterials, 11.2; 3284, 2021. doi.org/10.3390/nano11123284
128-21 Sang-Woo Han, Won-Ik Cho, Lin-Jie Zhang, Suck-Joo Na, Coupled simulation of thermal-metallurgical-mechanical behavior in laser keyhole welding of AH36 steel, Materials & Design, 212; 110275, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110275
127-21 Jiankang Huang, Zhuoxuan Li, Shurong Yu, Xiaoquan Yu, Ding Fan, Real-time observation and numerical simulation of the molten pool flow and mass transfer behavior during wire arc additive manufacturing, Welding in the World, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/s40194-021-01214-z
123-21 Boxue Song, Tianbiao Yu, Xingyu Jiang, Wenchao Xi, Xiaoli Lin, Zhelun Ma, ZhaoWang, Development of the molten pool and solidification characterization in single bead multilayer direct energy deposition, Additive Manufacturing, 102479, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102479
112-21 Kathryn Small, Ian D. McCue, Katrina Johnston, Ian Donaldson, Mitra L. Taheri, Precision modification of microstructure and properties through laser engraving, JOM, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04959-6
111-21 Yongki Lee, Jason Cheon, Byung-Kwon Min, Cheolhee Kim, Modelling of fume particle behaviour and coupling glass contamination during vacuum laser beam welding, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2021. doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2021.1990658
110-21 Menglin Liu, Hao Yi, Huajun Cao, Rufeng Huang, Le Jia, Heat accumulation effect in metal droplet-based 3D printing: Evolution mechanism and elimination strategy, Additive Manufacturing, 48.A; 102413, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102413
108-21 Nozomi Taura, Akiya Mitsunobu, Tatsuhiko Sakai, Yasuhiro Okamoto, Akira Okada, Formation and its mechanism of high-speed micro-grooving on metal surface by angled CW laser irradiation, Journal of Laser Micro/Nanoengineering, 16.2, 2021. doi.org/10.2961/jlmn.2021.02.2006
105-21 Jon Spangenberg, Wilson Ricardo Leal da Silva, Raphaël Comminal, Md. Tusher Mollah, Thomas Juul Andersen, Henrik Stang, Numerical simulation of multi-layer 3D concrete printing, RILEM Technical Letters, 6; pp. 119-123, 2021. doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2021.142
104-21 Lin Chen, Chunming Wang, Gaoyang Mi, Xiong Zhang, Effects of laser oscillating frequency on energy distribution, molten pool morphology and grain structure of AA6061/AA5182 aluminum alloys lap welding, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 15; pp. 3133-3148, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.09.141
101-21 R.J.M. Wolfs, T.A.M. Salet, N. Roussel, Filament geometry control in extrusion-based additive manufacturing of concrete: The good, the bad and the ugly, Cement and Concrete Research, 150; 106615, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106615
89-21 Wenlin Ye, Jin Bao, Jie Lei, Yichang Huang, Zhihao Li, Peisheng Li, Ying Zhang, Multiphysics modeling of thermal behavior of commercial pure titanium powder during selective laser melting, Metals and Materials International, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-01019-1
81-21 Lin Chen, Gaoyang Mi, Xiong Zhang, Chunming Wang, Effects of sinusoidal oscillating laser beam on weld formation, melt flow and grain structure during aluminum alloys lap welding, Journals of Materials Processing Technology, 298; 117314, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117314
77-21 Yujie Cui, Yufan Zhao, Haruko Numata, Kenta Yamanaka, Huakang Bian, Kenta Aoyagi, Akihiko Chiba, Effects of process parameters and cooling gas on powder formation during the plasma rotating electrode process, Powder Technology, 393; pp. 301-311, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2021.07.062
76-21 Md Tusher Mollah, Raphaël Comminal, Marcin P. Serdeczny, David B. Pedersen, Jon Spangenberg, Stability and deformations of deposited layers in material extrusion additive manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing, 46; 102193, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102193
72-21 S. Sabooni, A. Chabok, S.C. Feng, H. Blaauw, T.C. Pijper, H.J. Yang, Y.T. Pei, Laser powder bed fusion of 17–4 PH stainless steel: A comparative study on the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties, Additive Manufacturing, 46; 102176, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102176
71-21 Yu Hao, Nannan Chena, Hui-Ping Wang, Blair E. Carlson, Fenggui Lu, Effect of zinc vapor forces on spattering in partial penetration laser welding of zinc-coated steels, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 298; 117282, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117282
67-21 Lu Wang, Wentao Yan, Thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamic model for laser-based metal additive manufacturing, Physical Review Applied, 15.6; 064051, 2021. doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.15.064051
61-21 Ian D. McCue, Gianna M. Valentino, Douglas B. Trigg, Andrew M. Lennon, Chuck E. Hebert, Drew P. Seker, Salahudin M. Nimer, James P. Mastrandrea, Morgana M. Trexler, Steven M. Storck, Controlled shape-morphing metallic components for deployable structures, Materials & Design, 208; 109935, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109935
60-21 Mahyar Khorasani, AmirHossein Ghasemi, Martin Leary, William O’Neil, Ian Gibson, Laura Cordova, Bernard Rolfe, Numerical and analytical investigation on meltpool temperature of laser-based powder bed fusion of IN718, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 177; 121477, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121477
57-21 Dae-Won Cho, Yeong-Do Park, Muralimohan Cheepu, Numerical simulation of slag movement from Marangoni flow for GMAW with computational fluid dynamics, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 125; 105243, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105243
55-21 Won-Sang Shin, Dae-Won Cho, Donghyuck Jung, Heeshin Kang, Jeng O Kim, Yoon-Jun Kim, Changkyoo Park, Investigation on laser welding of Al ribbon to Cu sheet: Weldability, microstructure and mechanical and electrical properties, Metals, 11.5; 831, 2021. doi.org/10.3390/met11050831
50-21 Mohamad Bayat, Venkata K. Nadimpalli, Francesco G. Biondani, Sina Jafarzadeh, Jesper Thorborg, Niels S. Tiedje, Giuliano Bissacco, David B. Pedersen, Jesper H. Hattel, On the role of the powder stream on the heat and fluid flow conditions during directed energy deposition of maraging steel—Multiphysics modeling and experimental validation, Additive Manufacturing, 43;102021, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102021
47-21 Subin Shrestha, Kevin Chou, An investigation into melting modes in selective laser melting of Inconel 625 powder: single track geometry and porosity, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07105-3
34-21 Haokun Sun, Xin Chu, Cheng Luo, Haoxiu Chen, Zhiying Liu, Yansong Zhang, Yu Zou, Selective laser melting for joining dissimilar materials: Investigations ofiInterfacial characteristics and in situ alloying, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 52; pp. 1540-1550, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06178-9
32-21 Shanshan Zhang, Subin Shrestha, Kevin Chou, On mesoscopic surface formation in metal laser powder-bed fusion process, Supplimental Proceedings, TMS 150th Annual Meeting & Exhibition (Virtual), pp. 149-161, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65261-6_14
22-21 Patiparn Ninpetch, Pruet Kowitwarangkul, Sitthipong Mahathanabodee, Prasert Chalermkarnnon, Phadungsak Rattanadecho, Computational investigation of thermal behavior and molten metal flow with moving laser heat source for selective laser melting process, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 24; 100860, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2021.100860
19-21 M.B. Abrami, C. Ransenigo, M. Tocci, A. Pola, M. Obeidi, D. Brabazon, Numerical simulation of laser powder bed fusion processes, La Metallurgia Italiana, February; pp. 81-89, 2021.
16-21 Wenjun Ge, Jerry Y.H. Fuh, Suck Joo Na, Numerical modelling of keyhole formation in selective laser melting of Ti6Al4V, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 62; pp. 646-654, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.01.005
11-21 Mohamad Bayat, Venkata K. Nadimpalli, David B. Pedersen, Jesper H. Hattel, A fundamental investigation of thermo-capillarity in laser powder bed fusion of metals and alloys, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 166; 120766, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120766
10-21 Yufan Zhao, Yuichiro Koizumi, Kenta Aoyagi, Kenta Yamanaka, Akihiko Chiba, Thermal properties of powder beds in energy absorption and heat transfer during additive manufacturing with electron beam, Powder Technology, 381; pp. 44-54, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.11.082
9-21 Subin Shrestha, Kevin Chou, A study of transient and steady-state regions from single-track deposition in laser powder bed fusion, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 61; pp. 226-235, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.11.023
6-21 Qian Chen, Yunhao Zhao, Seth Strayer, Yufan Zhao, Kenta Aoyagi, Yuichiro Koizumi, Akihiko Chiba, Wei Xiong, Albert C. To, Elucidating the effect of preheating temperature on melt pool morphology variation in Inconel 718 laser powder bed fusion via simulation and experiment, Additive Manufacturing, 37; 101642, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101642
04-21 Won-Ik Cho, Peer Woizeschke, Analysis of molten pool dynamics in laser welding with beam oscillation and filler wire feeding, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 164; 120623, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120623
128-20 Mahmood Al Bashir, Rajeev Nair, Martina M. Sanchez, Anil Mahapatro, Improving fluid retention properties of 316L stainless steel using nanosecond pulsed laser surface texturing, Journal of Laser Applications, 32.4, 2020. doi.org/10.2351/7.0000199
127-20 Eric Riedel, Niklas Bergedieck, Stefan Scharf, CFD simulation based investigation of cavitation cynamics during high intensity ultrasonic treatment of A356, Metals, 10.11; 1529, 2020. doi.org/10.3390/met10111529
126-20 Benjamin Himmel, Material jetting of aluminium: Analysis of a novel additive manufacturing process, Thesis, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, 2020.
121-20 Yufan Zhao, Yujie Cui, Haruko Numata, Huakang Bian, Kimio Wako, Kenta Yamanaka, Kenta Aoyagi, Akihiko Chiba, Centrifugal granulation behavior in metallic powder fabrication by plasma rotating electrode process, Scientific Reports, 10; 18446, 2020. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75503-w
116-20 Raphael Comminal, Wilson Ricardo Leal da Silva, Thomas Juul Andersen, Henrik Stang, Jon Spangenberg, Modelling of 3D concrete printing based on computational fluid dynamics, Cement and Concrete Research, 138; 106256, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106256
112-20 Peng Liu, Lijin Huan, Yu Gan, Yuyu Lei, Effect of plate thickness on weld pool dynamics and keyhole-induced porosity formation in laser welding of Al alloy, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 111; pp. 735-747, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05818-5
108-20 Fan Chen, Wentao Yan, High-fidelity modelling of thermal stress for additive manufacturing by linking thermal-fluid and mechanical models, Materials & Design, 196; 109185, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109185
104-20 Yunfu Tian, Lijun Yang, Dejin Zhao, Yiming Huang, Jiajing Pan, Numerical analysis of powder bed generation and single track forming for selective laser melting of SS316L stainless steel, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 58; pp. 964-974, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.09.002
100-20 Raphaël Comminal, Sina Jafarzadeh, Marcin Serdeczny, Jon Spangenberg, Estimations of interlayer contacts in extrusion additive manufacturing using a CFD model, International Conference on Additive Manufacturing in Products and Applications (AMPA), Zurich, Switzerland, September 1-3: Industrializing Additive Manufacturing, pp. 241-250, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54334-1_17
97-20 Paree Allu, CFD simulation for metal Additive Manufacturing: Applications in laser- and sinter-based processes, Metal AM, 6.4; pp. 151-158, 2020.
95-20 Yufan Zhao, Kenta Aoyagi, Kenta Yamanaka, Akihiko Chiba, Role of operating and environmental conditions in determining molten pool dynamics during electron beam melting and selective laser melting, Additive Manufacturing, 36; 101559, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101559
94-20 Yan Zeng, David Himmler, Peter Randelzhofer, Carolin Körner, Processing of in situ Al3Ti/Al composites by advanced high shear technology: influence of mixing speed, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 110; pp. 1589-1599, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05956-w
93-20 H. Hamed Zargari, K. Ito, M. Kumar, A. Sharma, Visualizing the vibration effect on the tandem-pulsed gas metal arc welding in the presence of surface tension active elements, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 161; 120310, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120310
90-20 Guangxi Zhao, Jun Du, Zhengying Wei, Siyuan Xu, Ruwei Geng, Numerical analysis of aluminum alloy fused coating process, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Science and Engineering, 42; 483, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-02569-y
85-20 Wenkang Huang, Hongliang Wang, Teresa Rinker, Wenda Tan, Investigation of metal mixing in laser keyhold welding of dissimilar metals, Materials & Design, 195; 109056, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109056
82-20 Pan Lu, Zhang Cheng-Lin, Wang Liang, Liu Tong, Liu Jiang-lin, Molten pool structure, temperature and velocity flow in selective laser melting AlCu5MnCdVA alloy, Materials Research Express, 7; 086516, 2020. doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/abadcf
80-20 Yujie Cui, Yufan Zhao, Haruko Numata, Huakang Bian, Kimio Wako, Kento Yamanaka, Kenta Aoyagi, Chen Zhang, Akihiko Chiba, Effects of plasma rotating electrode process parameters on the particle size distribution and microstructure of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy powder, Powder Technology, 376; pp. 363-372, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.08.027
78-20 F.Q. Liu, L. Wei, S.Q. Shi, H.L. Wei, On the varieties of build features during multi-layer laser directed energy deposition, Additive Manufacturing, 36; 101491, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101491
75-20 Nannan Chen, Zixuan Wan, Hui-Ping Wang, Jingjing Li, Joshua Solomon, Blair E. Carlson, Effect of Al single bond Si coating on laser spot welding of press hardened steel and process improvement with annular stirring, Materials & Design, 195; 108986, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108986
72-20 Yujie Cui, Kenta Aoyagi, Yufan Zhao, Kenta Yamanaka, Yuichiro Hayasaka, Yuichiro Koizumi, Tadashi Fujieda, Akihiko Chiba, Manufacturing of a nanosized TiB strengthened Ti-based alloy via electron beam powder bed fusion, Additive Manufacturing, 36; 101472, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101472
64-20 Dong-Rong Liu, Shuhao Wang, Wentao Yan, Grain structure evolution in transition-mode melting in direct energy deposition, Materials & Design, 194; 108919, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108919
61-20 Raphael Comminal, Wilson Ricardo Leal da Silva, Thomas Juul Andersen, Henrik Stang, Jon Spangenberg, Influence of processing parameters on the layer geometry in 3D concrete printing: Experiments and modelling, 2nd RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication, RILEM Bookseries, 28; pp. 852-862, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49916-7_83
60-20 Marcin P. Serdeczny, Raphaël Comminal, Md. Tusher Mollah, David B. Pedersen, Jon Spangenberg, Numerical modeling of the polymer flow through the hot-end in filament-based material extrusion additive manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing, 36; 101454, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101454
58-20 H.L. Wei, T. Mukherjee, W. Zhang, J.S. Zuback, G.L. Knapp, A. De, T. DebRoy, Mechanistic models for additive manufacturing of metallic components, Progress in Materials Science, 116; 100703, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.100703
55-20 Masoud Mohammadpour, Experimental study and numerical simulation of heat transfer and fluid flow in laser welded and brazed joints, Thesis, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, US; Available in Mechanical Engineering Research Theses and Dissertations, 24, 2020.
48-20 Masoud Mohammadpour, Baixuan Yang, Hui-Ping Wang, John Forrest, Michael Poss, Blair Carlson, Radovan Kovacevica, Influence of laser beam inclination angle on galvanized steel laser braze quality, Optics and Laser Technology, 129; 106303, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106303
34-20 Binqi Liu, Gang Fang, Liping Lei, Wei Liu, A new ray tracing heat source model for mesoscale CFD simulation of selective laser melting (SLM), Applied Mathematical Modeling, 79; pp. 506-520, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2019.10.049
27-20 Xuesong Gao, Guilherme Abreu Farira, Wei Zhang and Kevin Wheeler, Numerical analysis of non-spherical particle effect on molten pool dynamics in laser-powder bed fusion additive manufacturing, Computational Materials Science, 179, art. no. 109648, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2020.109648
26-20 Yufan Zhao, Yuichiro Koizumi, Kenta Aoyagi, Kenta Yamanaka and Akihiko Chiba, Isothermal γ → ε phase transformation behavior in a Co-Cr-Mo alloy depending on thermal history during electron beam powder-bed additive manufacturing, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 50, pp. 162-170, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2019.11.040
21-20 Won-Ik Cho and Peer Woizeschke, Analysis of molten pool behavior with buttonhole formation in laser keyhole welding of sheet metal, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 152, art. no. 119528, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119528
06-20 Wei Xing, Di Ouyang, Zhen Chen and Lin Liu, Effect of energy density on defect evolution in 3D printed Zr-based metallic glasses by selective laser melting, Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 63, art. no. 226111, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/s11433-019-1485-8
04-20 Santosh Reddy Sama, Tony Badamo, Paul Lynch and Guha Manogharan, Novel sprue designs in metal casting via 3D sand-printing, Additive Manufacturing, 25, pp. 563-578, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.12.009
02-20 Dongsheng Wu, Shinichi Tashiro, Ziang Wu, Kazufumi Nomura, Xueming Hua, and Manabu Tanaka, Analysis of heat transfer and material flow in hybrid KPAW-GMAW process based on the novel three dimensional CFD simulation, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 147, art. no. 118921, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118921
01-20 Xiang Huang, Siying Lin, Zhenxiang Bu, Xiaolong Lin, Weijin Yi, Zhihong Lin, Peiqin Xie, and Lingyun Wang, Research on nozzle and needle combination for high frequency piezostack-driven dispenser, International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 96, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2019.102453
88-19 Bo Cheng and Charles Tuffile, Numerical study of porosity formation with implementation of laser multiple reflection in selective laser melting, Proceedings Volume 1: Additive Manufacturing; Manufacturing Equipment and Systems; Bio and Sustainable Manufacturing, ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA, June 10-14, 2019. doi.org/10.1115/MSEC2019-2891
87-19 Shuhao Wang, Lida Zhu, Jerry Ying His Fuh, Haiquan Zhang, and Wentao Yan, Multi-physics modeling and Gaussian process regression analysis of cladding track geometry for direct energy deposition, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 127:105950, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2019.105950
78-19 Bo Cheng, Lukas Loeber, Hannes Willeck, Udo Hartel, and Charles Tuffile, Computational investigation of melt pool process dynamics and pore formation in laser powder bed fusion, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 28:11, 6565-6578, 2019. doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-04435-y
77-19 David Souders, Pareekshith Allu, Anurag Chandorkar, and Ruendy Castillo, Application of computational fluid dynamics in developing process parameters for additive manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing Journal, 9th International Conference on 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing Technologies (AM 2019), Bangalore, India, September 7-9, 2019.
75-19 Raphaël Comminal, Marcin Piotr Serdeczny, Navid Ranjbar, Mehdi Mehrali, David Bue Pedersen, Henrik Stang, Jon Spangenberg, Modelling of material deposition in big area additive manufacturing and 3D concrete printing, Proceedings, Advancing Precision in Additive Manufacturing, Nantes, France, September 16-18, 2019.
73-19 Baohua Chang, Zhang Yuan, Hao Cheng, Haigang Li, Dong Du 1, and Jiguo Shan, A study on the influences of welding position on the keyhole and molten pool behavior in laser welding of a titanium alloy, Metals, 9:1082, 2019. doi.org/10.3390/met9101082
57-19 Shengjie Deng, Hui-Ping Wang, Fenggui Lu, Joshua Solomon, and Blair E. Carlson, Investigation of spatter occurrence in remote laser spiral welding of zinc-coated steels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 140, pp. 269-280, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.06.009
53-19 Mohamad Bayat, Aditi Thanki, Sankhya Mohanty, Ann Witvrouw, Shoufeng Yang, Jesper Thorborg, Niels Skat Tieldje, and Jesper Henri Hattel, Keyhole-induced porosities in Laser-based Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) of Ti6Al4V: High-fidelity modelling and experimental validation, Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 30, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2019.100835
51-19 P. Ninpetch, P. Kowitwarangkul, S. Mahathanabodee, R. Tongsri, and P. Ratanadecho, Thermal and melting track simulations of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), International Conference on Materials Research and Innovation (ICMARI), Bangkok, Thailand, December 17-21, 2018. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 526, 2019. doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/526/1/012030
46-19 Hongze Wang and Yu Zou, Microscale interaction between laser and metal powder in powder-bed additive manufacturing: Conduction mode versus keyhole mode, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 142, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118473
45-19 Yufan Zhao, Yuichiro Koizumi, Kenta Aoyagi, Kenta Yamanaka, and Akihiko Chiba, Manipulating local heat accumulation towards controlled quality and microstructure of a Co-Cr-Mo alloy in powder bed fusion with electron beam, Materials Letters, Vol. 254, pp. 269-272, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.07.078
44-19 Guoxiang Xu, Lin Li, Houxiao Wang, Pengfei Li, Qinghu Guo, Qingxian Hu, and Baoshuai Du, Simulation and experimental studies of keyhole induced porosity in laser-MIG hybrid fillet welding of aluminum alloy in the horizontal position, Optics & Laser Technology, Vol. 119, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105667
38-19 Subin Shrestha and Y. Kevin Chou, A numerical study on the keyhole formation during laser powder bed fusion process, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 141, No. 10, 2019. doi.org/10.1115/1.4044100
34-19 Dae-Won Cho, Jin-Hyeong Park, and Hyeong-Soon Moon, A study on molten pool behavior in the one pulse one drop GMAW process using computational fluid dynamics, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 139, pp. 848-859, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.05.038
30-19 Mohamad Bayat, Sankhya Mohanty, and Jesper Henri Hattel, Multiphysics modelling of lack-of-fusion voids formation and evolution in IN718 made by multi-track/multi-layer L-PBF, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 139, pp. 95-114, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.05.003
29-19 Yufan Zhao, Yuichiro Koizumi, Kenta Aoyagi, Daixiu Wei, Kenta Yamanaka, and Akihiko Chiba, Comprehensive study on mechanisms for grain morphology evolution and texture development in powder bed fusion with electron beam of Co–Cr–Mo alloy, Materialia, Vol. 6, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2019.100346
28-19 Pareekshith Allu, Computational fluid dynamics modeling in additive manufacturing processes, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) 148th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, USA, March 10-14, 2019.
24-19 Simulation Software: Use, Advantages & Limitations, The Additive Manufacturing and Welding Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2019
22-19 Hunchul Jeong, Kyungbae Park, Sungjin Baek, and Jungho Cho, Thermal efficiency decision of variable polarity aluminum arc welding through molten pool analysis, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 138, pp. 729-737, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.04.089
07-19 Guangxi Zhao, Jun Du, Zhengying Wei, Ruwei Geng and Siyuan Xu, Numerical analysis of arc driving forces and temperature distribution in pulsed TIG welding, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 41, No. 60, 2019. doi.org/10.1007/s40430-018-1563-0
04-19 Santosh Reddy Sama, Tony Badamo, Paul Lynch and Guha Manogharan, Novel sprue designs in metal casting via 3D sand-printing, Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 25, pp. 563-578, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.12.009
03-19 Dongsheng Wu, Anh Van Nguyen, Shinichi Tashiro, Xueming Hua and Manabu Tanaka, Elucidation of the weld pool convection and keyhole formation mechanism in the keyhold plasma arc welding, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 131, pp. 920-931, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.11.108
97-18 Wentao Yan, Ya Qian, Wenjun Ge, Stephen Lin, Wing Kam Liu, Feng Lin, Gregory J. Wagner, Meso-scale modeling of multiple-layer fabrication process in Selective Electron Beam Melting: Inter-layer/track voids formation, Materials & Design, 2018. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.12.031
84-18 Bo Cheng, Xiaobai Li, Charles Tuffile, Alexander Ilin, Hannes Willeck and Udo Hartel, Multi-physics modeling of single track scanning in selective laser melting: Powder compaction effect, Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, pp. 1887-1902, 2018.
81-18 Yufan Zhao, Yuichiro Koizumi, Kenta Aoyagi, Daixiu Wei, Kenta Yamanaka and Akihiko Chiba, Molten pool behavior and effect of fluid flow on solidification conditions in selective electron beam melting (SEBM) of a biomedical Co-Cr-Mo alloy, Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 26, pp. 202-214, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.12.002
77-18 Jun Du and Zhengying Wei, Numerical investigation of thermocapillary-induced deposited shape in fused-coating additive manufacturing process of aluminum alloy, Journal of Physics Communications, Vol. 2, No. 11, 2018. doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/aaedc7
76-18 Yu Xiang, Shuzhe Zhang, Zhengying We, Junfeng Li, Pei Wei, Zhen Chen, Lixiang Yang and Lihao Jiang, Forming and defect analysis for single track scanning in selective laser melting of Ti6Al4V, Applied Physics A, 124:685, 2018. doi.org/10.1007/s00339-018-2056-9
74-18 Paree Allu, CFD simulations for laser welding of Al Alloys, Proceedings, Die Casting Congress & Exposition, Indianapolis, IN, October 15-17, 2018.
72-18 Hunchul Jeong, Kyungbae Park, Sungjin Baek, Dong-Yoon Kim, Moon-Jin Kang and Jungho Cho, Three-dimensional numerical analysis of weld pool in GMAW with fillet joint, International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, Vol. 19, No. 8, pp. 1171-1177, 2018. doi.org/10.1007/s12541-018-0138-4
60-18 R.W. Geng, J. Du, Z.Y. Wei and G.X. Zhao, An adaptive-domain-growth method for phase field simulation of dendrite growth in arc preheated fused-coating additive manufacturing, IOP Conference Series: Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1063, 012077, 2018. doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1063/1/012077
59-18 Guangxi Zhao, Jun Du, Zhengying Wei, Ruwei Geng and Siyuan Xu, Coupling analysis of molten pool during fused coating process with arc preheating, IOP Conference Series: Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1063, 012076, 2018. doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1063/1/012076 (Available at http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1063/1/012076/pdf and in shared drive)
58-18 Siyuan Xu, Zhengying Wei, Jun Du, Guangxi Zhao and Wei Liu, Numerical simulation and analysis of metal fused coating forming, IOP Conference Series: Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1063, 012075, 2018. doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1063/1/012075
55-18 Jason Cheon, Jin-Young Yoon, Cheolhee Kim and Suck-Joo Na, A study on transient flow characteristic in friction stir welding with realtime interface tracking by direct surface calculation, Journal of Materials Processing Tech., vol. 255, pp. 621-634, 2018.
54-18 V. Sukhotskiy, P. Vishnoi, I. H. Karampelas, S. Vader, Z. Vader, and E. P. Furlani, Magnetohydrodynamic drop-on-demand liquid metal additive manufacturing: System overview and modeling, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer, Niagara Falls, Canada, June 7 – 9, 2018; Paper no. 155, 2018. doi.org/10.11159/ffhmt18.155
52-18 Michael Hilbinger, Claudia Stadelmann, Matthias List and Robert F. Singer, Temconex® – Kontinuierliche Pulverextrusion: Verbessertes Verständnis mit Hilfe der numerischen Simulation, Hochleistungsmetalle und Prozesse für den Leichtbau der Zukunft, Tagungsband 10. Ranshofener Leichtmetalltage, 13-14 Juni 2018, Linz, pp. 175-186, 2018.
38-18 Zhen Chen, Yu Xiang, Zhengying Wei, Pei Wei, Bingheng Lu, Lijuan Zhang and Jun Du, Thermal dynamic behavior during selective laser melting of K418 superalloy: numerical simulation and experimental verification, Applied Physics A, vol. 124, pp. 313, 2018. doi.org/10.1007/s00339-018-1737-8
19-18 Chenxiao Zhu, Jason Cheon, Xinhua Tang, Suck-Joo Na, and Haichao Cui, Molten pool behaviors and their influences on welding defects in narrow gap GMAW of 5083 Al-alloy, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 126:A, pp.1206-1221, 2018. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.05.132
16-18 P. Schneider, V. Sukhotskiy, T. Siskar, L. Christie and I.H. Karampelas, Additive Manufacturing of Microfluidic Components via Wax Extrusion, Biotech, Biomaterials and Biomedical TechConnect Briefs, vol. 3, pp. 162 – 165, 2018.
09-18 The Furlani Research Group, Magnetohydrodynamic Liquid Metal 3D Printing, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, © University at Buffalo, May 2018.
08-18 Benjamin Himmel, Dominik Rumschöttel and Wolfram Volk, Thermal process simulation of droplet based metal printing with aluminium, Production Engineering, March 2018 © German Academic Society for Production Engineering (WGP) 2018.
07-18 Yu-Che Wu, Cheng-Hung San, Chih-Hsiang Chang, Huey-Jiuan Lin, Raed Marwan, Shuhei Baba and Weng-Sing Hwang, Numerical modeling of melt-pool behavior in selective laser melting with random powder distribution and experimental validation, Journal of Materials Processing Tech. 254 (2018) 72–78.
60-17 Pei Wei, Zhengying Wei, Zhen Chen, Yuyang He and Jun Du, Thermal behavior in single track during selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg powder, Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing, 123:604, 2017. doi.org/10.1007/z00339-017-1194-9
51-17 Koichi Ishizaka, Keijiro Saitoh, Eisaku Ito, Masanori Yuri, and Junichiro Masada, Key Technologies for 1700°C Class Ultra High Temperature Gas Turbine, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review, vol. 54, no. 3, 2017.
49-17 Yu-Che Wu, Weng-Sing Hwang, Cheng-Hung San, Chih-Hsiang Chang and Huey-Jiuan Lin, Parametric study of surface morphology for selective laser melting on Ti6Al4V powder bed with numerical and experimental methods, International Journal of Material Forming, © Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2017. doi.org/10.1007/s12289-017-1391-2.
37-17 V. Sukhotskiy, I. H. Karampelas, G. Garg, A. Verma, M. Tong, S. Vader, Z. Vader, and E. P. Furlani, Magnetohydrodynamic Drop-on-Demand Liquid Metal 3D Printing, Solid Freeform Fabrication 2017: Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium – An Additive Manufacturing Conference
15-17 I.H. Karampelas, S. Vader, Z. Vader, V. Sukhotskiy, A. Verma, G. Garg, M. Tong and E.P. Furlani, Drop-on-Demand 3D Metal Printing, Informatics, Electronics and Microsystems TechConnect Briefs 2017, Vol. 4
14-17 Jason Cheon and Suck-Joo Na, Prediction of welding residual stress with real-time phase transformation by CFD thermal analysis, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 131–132 (2017) 37–51.
91-16 Y. S. Lee and D. F. Farson, Surface tension-powered build dimension control in laser additive manufacturing process, Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2016) 85:1035–1044, doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7974-5.
84-16 Runqi Lin, Hui-ping Wang, Fenggui Lu, Joshua Solomon, Blair E. Carlson, Numerical study of keyhole dynamics and keyhole-induced porosity formation in remote laser welding of Al alloys, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 108 (2017) 244–256, Available online December 2016.
68-16 Dongsheng Wu, Xueming Hua, Dingjian Ye and Fang Li, Understanding of humping formation and suppression mechanisms using the numerical simulation, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 104, January 2017, Pages 634–643, Published online 2016.
39-16 Chien-Hsun Wang, Ho-Lin Tsai, Yu-Che Wu and Weng-Sing Hwang, Investigation of molten metal droplet deposition and solidification for 3D printing techniques, IOP Publishing, J. Micromech. Microeng. 26 (2016) 095012 (14pp), doi: 10.1088/0960-1317/26/9/095012, July 8, 2016
29-16 Scott Vader, Zachary Vader, Ioannis H. Karampelas and Edward P. Furlani, Advances in Magnetohydrodynamic Liquid Metal Jet Printing, Nanotech 2016 Conference & Expo, May 22-25, Washington, DC.
26-16 Y.S. Lee and W. Zhang, Modeling of heat transfer, fluid flow and solidification microstructure of nickel-base superalloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion, S2214-8604(16)30087-2, doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2016.05.003, ADDMA 86.
123-15 Koji Tsukimoto, Masashi Kitamura, Shuji Tanigawa, Sachio Shimohata, and Masahiko Mega, Laser welding repair for single crystal blades, Proceedings of International Gas Turbine Congress, pp. 1354-1358, 2015.
122-15 Y.S. Lee, W. Zhang, Mesoscopic simulation of heat transfer and fluid flow in laser powder bed additive manufacturing, Proceedings, 26th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, Texas, 2015.
116-15 Yousub Lee, Simulation of Laser Additive Manufacturing and its Applications, Ph.D. Thesis: Graduate Program in Welding Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2015, Copyright by Yousub Lee 2015
103-15 Ligang Wu, Jason Cheon, Degala Venkata Kiran, and Suck-Joo Na, CFD Simulations of GMA Welding of Horizontal Fillet Joints based on Coordinate Rotation of Arc Models, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Available online December 29, 2015
96-15 Jason Cheon, Degala Venkata Kiran, and Suck-Joo Na, Thermal metallurgical analysis of GMA welded AH36 steel using CFD – FEM framework, Materials & Design, Volume 91, February 5 2016, Pages 230-241, published online November 2015
86-15 Yousub Lee and Dave F. Farson, Simulation of transport phenomena and melt pool shape for multiple layer additive manufacturing, J. Laser Appl. 28, 012006 (2016). doi: 10.2351/1.4935711, published online 2015.
63-15 Scott Vader, Zachary Vader, Ioannis H. Karampelas and Edward P. Furlani, Magnetohydrodynamic Liquid Metal Jet Printing, TechConnect World Innovation Conference & Expo, Washington, D.C., June 14-17, 2015
46-15 Adwaith Gupta, 3D Printing Multi-Material, Single Printhead Simulation, Advanced Qualification of Additive Manufacturing Materials Workshop, July 20 – 21, 2015, Santa Fe, NM
25-15 Dae-Won Cho and Suck-Joo Na, Molten pool behaviors for second pass V-groove GMAW, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 88 (2015) 945–956.
21-15 Jungho Cho, Dave F. Farson, Kendall J. Hollis and John O. Milewski, Numerical analysis of weld pool oscillation in laser welding, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 29 (4) (2015) 1715~1722, www.springerlink.com/content/1738-494x, doi.org/10.1007/s12206-015-0344-2.
82-14 Yousub Lee, Mark Nordin, Sudarsanam Suresh Babu, and Dave F. Farson, Effect of Fluid Convection on Dendrite Arm Spacing in Laser Deposition, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, August 2014, Volume 45, Issue 4, pp 1520-1529
59-14 Y.S. Lee, M. Nordin, S.S. Babu, and D.F. Farson, Influence of Fluid Convection on Weld Pool Formation in Laser Cladding, Welding Research/ August 2014, VOL. 93
18-14 L.J. Zhang, J.X. Zhang, A. Gumenyuk, M. Rethmeier, and S.J. Na, Numerical simulation of full penetration laser welding of thick steel plate with high power high brightness laser, Journal of Materials Processing Technology (2014), doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.03.016.
36-13 Dae-Won Cho,Woo-Hyun Song, Min-Hyun Cho, and Suck-Joo Na, Analysis of Submerged Arc Welding Process by Three-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2013. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.06.017
12-13 D.W. Cho, S.J. Na, M.H. Cho, J.S. Lee, A study on V-groove GMAW for various welding positions, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, April 2013, doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.02.015.
01-13 Dae-Won Cho & Suck-Joo Na & Min-Hyun Cho & Jong-Sub Lee, Simulations of weld pool dynamics in V-groove GTA and GMA welding, Weld World, doi.org/10.1007/s40194-012-0017-z, © International Institute of Welding 2013.
63-12 D.W. Cho, S.H. Lee, S.J. Na, Characterization of welding arc and weld pool formation in vacuum gas hollow tungsten arc welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.09.024, September 2012.
77-10 Lim, Y. C.; Yu, X.; Cho, J. H.; et al., Effect of magnetic stirring on grain structure refinement Part 1-Autogenous nickel alloy welds, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Volume: 15 Issue: 7, Pages: 583-589, doi.org/10.1179/136217110X12720264008277, October 2010
18-10 K Saida, H Ohnishi, K Nishimoto, Fluxless laser brazing of aluminium alloy to galvanized steel using a tandem beam–dissimilar laser brazing of aluminium alloy and steels, Welding International, 2010
58-09 Cho, Jung-Ho; Farson, Dave F.; Milewski, John O.; et al., Weld pool flows during initial stages of keyhole formation in laser welding, Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, Volume: 42 Issue: 17 Article Number: 175502 ; doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/42/17/175502, September 2009
57-09 Lim, Y. C.; Farson, D. F.; Cho, M. H.; et al., Stationary GMAW-P weld metal deposit spreading, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Volume: 14 Issue: 7 ;Pages: 626-635, doi.org/10.1179/136217109X441173, October 2009
1-09 J.-H. Cho and S.-J. Na, Three-Dimensional Analysis of Molten Pool in GMA-Laser Hybrid Welding, Welding Journal, February 2009, Vol. 88
52-07 Huey-Jiuan Lin and Wei-Kuo Chang, Design of a sheet forming apparatus for overflow fusion process by numerical simulation, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 353 (2007) 2817–2825.
50-07 Cho, Min Hyun; Farson, Dave F., Understanding bead hump formation in gas metal arc welding using a numerical simulation, Metallurgical and Mateials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, Volume: 38, Issue: 2, Pages: 305-319, doi.org/10.1007/s11663-007-9034-5, April 2007
49-07 Cho, M. H.; Farson, D. F., Simulation study of a hybrid process for the prevention of weld bead hump formation, Welding Journal Volume: 86, Issue: 9, Pages: 253S-262S, September 2007
48-07 Cho, M. H.; Farson, D. F.; Lim, Y. C.; et al., Hybrid laser/arc welding process for controlling bead profile, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Volume: 12 Issue: 8, Pages: 677-688, doi.org/10.1179/174329307X236878, November 2007
47-07 Min Hyun Cho, Dave F. Farson, Understanding Bead Hump Formation in Gas Metal Arc Welding Using a Numerical Simulation, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Volume 38, Issue 2, pp 305-319, April 2007
36-06 Cho, M. H.; Lim, Y. C.; Farson, D. F., Simulation of weld pool dynamics in the stationary pulsed gas metal arc welding process and final weld shape, Welding Journal, Volume: 85 Issue: 12, Pages: 271S-283S, December 2006
적층 제조법은 3D프린팅이라고도 하며, 일반적으로 분말 또는 와이어를 층별로 적층제조하는 방법입니다. 금속기반 적층제조공정에 대한 관심이 지난 몇년간 크게 높아졌습니다. 오늘날 사용되는 3개의 주요 금속 적층 제조 공정은 파우더 베드 융접(PBF), 직접 에너지 증착(DED) 및 바인더 분사 공정입니다. FLOW-3D는 이러한 각 프로세스에 대해 높은 정확도의 시뮬레이션 기능을 제공합니다
파우더 베드 융합 및 직접 에너지 증착 공정에서는 레이저나 전자 빔을 열원으로 사용할 수 있습니다. 두 경우 모두 PBF의 분말 형태와 DED공정의 분말 또는 와이어 형태의 금속은 완전히 용해되고 함께 융합되어 층별 부품을 형성합니다. 그러나, 결합제 분사에서, 결합제로서 작용하는 수지는 금속 분말 위에 선택적으로 증착되어 층별로 부품을 형성합니다. 그런 다음 이러한 부품을 소결하여 밀도를 높이게 됩니다.
FLOW-3D의 자유 표면 추적 알고리즘과 물리적 모델은 이러한 각 프로세스를 매우 정확하게 시뮬레이션할 수 있습니다. 레이저 파우더 베드 퓨전(L-LPF)모델링 단계에 대해서는 여기에서 자세히 설명합니다. DED 및 바인더 분사 프로세스에 대한 개념 증명 시뮬레이션도 몇 가지 보여줍니다.
L-PBF 공정은 유체 유동, 열 전달, 표면 장력, 상 변화 및 응고와 같은 복잡한 다중 물리 현상을 포함하며, 이는 공정 및 궁극적으로 품질에 영향을 미칩니다. FLOW-3D의 물리적 모델은 질량, 운동량 및 에너지 보존 방정식을 동시에 해결하면서, 입자 크기 분포 및 충진 분율을 고려하여 메소 스케일에서 용융 풀 현상을 시뮬레이션합니다.
FLOW-3D의 추가 모듈인 DEM및 WELD는 전체 파우더 베드 융접 프로세스를 시뮬레이션하는데 사용됩니다. L-PBF 공정의 다양한 단계는 분말 베드 적층, 분말 용융 및 응고 및이어서 이전에 응고 된 층 상에 새로운 분말을 놓고 새로운 층을 이전 층에 다시 융해 및 융합시키는 단계입니다. FLOW-3D는 이러한 각 단계를 시뮬레이션하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다.
FLOW-3D와 통합된 DEM모듈을 사용하면 다음과 같이 입자의 랜덤화된 분포를 삭제하고 포장하여 파우더 베드 배치 프로세스를 아래 영상처럼 시뮬레이션 할 수 있습니다.
One way to achieve different powder bed compactions is to choose different particle size distributions while laying the bed. As seen below, there are three different sized particle size distributions, which result in varying powder bed compactions with Case 2 giving the highest compaction.
입자-입자 상호 작용, 유체-입자 결합 및 입자 이동 객체 상호 작용은 DEM 모듈을 사용하여 자세히 분석할 수 있습니다. 또한 입자 간 힘을 특정하여 분말을 넓게 펴서 뿌리는 현상에 대한 응용을 보다 정확하게 연구할 수도 있습니다.
FLOW-3D 시뮬레이션은 DEM 모델을 사용하여, 회전하는 원통형 롤러로 인해 퍼지는 분말을 해석한 결과입니다. 비디오의 시작 부분에서는 분말 저장소가 아래로 이동하는 반면, 빌드 플랫폼은 위쪽으로 이동합니다. 그 직후 롤러는 초기 위치에 따라 컬러 분말 입자를 빌드 플랫폼으로 분산시켜 다음 층의 용해 및 제작을 준비합니다. 그러한 시뮬레이션은 탱크에서 빌드 플랫폼으로 전달되는 분말 입자의 바람직한 크기에 대한 예측할 수 있습니다.
파우더 베드를 배치한 후에는 FLOW-3D WELD에 레이저 빔 프로세스 매개 변수를 지정하여 고 밀도의 용융 풀 시뮬레이션을 수행할 수 있습니다. 온도, 속도, 고상 분율, 온도 구배 및 응고 속도에 대한 그림을 자세히 분석할 수 있습니다
Melt pool analysis of the powder bed under a laser power output of 200W, scan speed of 3.0m/s and a spot radius of 100μm.
용해 풀이 굳으면 FLOW-3D 압력 및 온도 데이터를 Abaqus 또는 MSC Nastran과 같은 FEA 도구로 데이터를 가져와 응력 등고선 및 변위 프로필을 분석할 수 있습니다.
첫번째 용해 층이 굳으면 두번째 입자 층이 응고된 베드에 쌓입니다. 새로운 분말 입자 층에 레이저 프로세스 파라미터를 지정함으로써, 용해 풀 시뮬레이션을 다시 수행할 수 있습니다. 이 과정을 여러 번 반복하여 연속적으로 형성된 층 사이의 결합을 평가할 수 있습니다.
바인더 분사 시뮬레이션은 모세관 힘의 영향을 받는 파우더 베드의 바인더 확산 및 침투에 대한 통찰력을 제공합니다. 공정 매개 변수와 재료 특성은 증착 및 확산 공정에 직접적인 영향을 미친다.
FLOW-3D의 Particle 모델을 사용하여 직접 에너지 축적 프로세스를 시뮬레이션 할 수도 있습니다. 고체 기판에 분말 주입 속도와 열유속 입사를 지정함으로써, 고체 입자는 용융풀을 통해 질량, 추진력 및 에너지를 추가할 수 있습니다. 다음 동영상에서는 용융풀을 통해 고체 금속 입자가 주입되고 이어서 기판에 용융풀응 응고시키는 과정이 관찰됩니다.
적층 가공법은 3D프린팅이라고도 하며, 일반적으로 분말 또는 와이어를 층별로 적층제조하는 방법입니다. 금속기반 적층제조공정에 대한 관심이 지난 몇년간 크게 높아졌습니다. 오늘날 사용되는 3개의 주요 금속 적층 제조 공정은 파우더 베드 융접(PBF), 직접 에너지 증착(DED) 및 바인더 분사 공정입니다. FLOW-3D는 이러한 각 프로세스에 대해 고유한 시뮬레이션 통찰력을 제공합니다
파우더 베드 융합 및 직접 에너지 증착 공정에서는 레이저나 전자 빔을 열원으로 사용할 수 있습니다. 두 경우 모두 PBF의 분말 형태와 DED공정의 분말 또는 와이어 형태의 금속은 완전히 용해되고 함께 융합되어 층별 부품을 형성합니다. 그러나 바인더 분사에서, 결합제 역할을 하는 수지는 금속 분말에 선택적으로 침전되어 층별로 부품을 형성합니다. 이들 부품은 더 나은 밀도를 얻기 위해 중앙에 배치됩니다.
FLOW-3D의 자유 표면 추적 알고리즘과 물리적 모델은 이러한 각 프로세스를 매우 정확하게 시뮬레이션할 수 있습니다. 레이저 파우더 베드 퓨전(L-LPF)모델링 단계에 대해서는 여기에서 자세히 설명합니다. DED 및 바인더 분사 프로세스에 대한 개념 증명 시뮬레이션도 몇 가지 보여줍니다.
L-PBF 공정은 유체 유동, 열 전달, 표면 장력, 상 변화 및 응고와 같은 복잡한 다중 물리 현상을 포함하며, 이는 공정 및 궁극적으로 품질에 영향을 미칩니다. FLOW-3D의 물리적 모델은 질량, 운동량 및 에너지 보존 방정식을 동시에 해결하면서, 입자 크기 분포 및 충진 분율을 고려하여 메소 스케일에서 용융 풀 현상을 시뮬레이션합니다.
FLOW-3D의 추가 모듈인 DEM및 WELD는 전체 파우더 베드 융접 프로세스를 시뮬레이션하는데 사용됩니다. L-PBF 공정의 다양한 단계는 분말 베드 적층, 분말 용융 및 응고 및이어서 이전에 응고 된 층 상에 새로운 분말을 놓고 새로운 층을 이전 층에 다시 융해 및 융합시키는 단계입니다. FLOW-3D는 이러한 각 단계를 시뮬레이션하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다.
FLOW-3D와 통합된 DEM모듈을 사용하면 다음과 같이 입자의 랜덤화된 분포를 삭제하고 포장하여 파우더 베드 배치 프로세스를 아래 영상처럼 시뮬레이션 할 수 있습니다.
One way to achieve different powder bed compactions is to choose different particle size distributions while laying the bed. As seen below, there are three different sized particle size distributions, which result in varying powder bed compactions with Case 2 giving the highest compaction.
입자-입자 상호 작용, 유체-입자 결합 및 입자 이동 객체 상호 작용은 DEM 모듈을 사용하여 자세히 분석할 수 있습니다. 또한 입자 간 힘을 특정하여 분말을 넓게 펴서 뿌리는 현상에 대한 응용을 보다 정확하게 연구할 수도 있습니다.
FLOW-3D 시뮬레이션은 DEM 모델을 사용하여, 회전하는 원통형 롤러로 인해 퍼지는 분말을 해석한 결과입니다. 영상의 시작 부분에서는 분말 저장소가 아래로 이동하는 반면, 빌드 플랫폼은 위쪽으로 이동합니다. 그 직후 롤러는 초기 위치에 따라 컬러 분말 입자를 빌드 플랫폼으로 분산시켜 다음 층의 용해 및 제작을 준비합니다. 그러한 시뮬레이션은 탱크에서 빌드 플랫폼으로 전달되는 분말 입자의 바람직한 크기에 대해 예측할 수 있습니다.
파우더 베드를 배치한 후에는 FLOW-3D 에 레이저 빔 프로세스 매개 변수를 지정하여 고 밀도의 용융지 시뮬레이션을 수행할 수 있습니다. 온도, 속도, 고상 분율, 온도 구배 및 응고 속도에 대한 그림을 자세히 분석할 수 있습니다
Melt pool analysis of the powder bed under a laser power output of 200W, scan speed of 3.0m/s and a spot radius of 100μm.
용해 풀이 굳으면 FLOW-3D 압력 및 온도 데이터를 Abaqus 또는 MSC Nastran과 같은 FEA 도구로 데이터를 가져와 응력 등고선 및 변위 프로필을 분석할 수 있습니다.
첫번째 용해 층이 굳으면 두번째 입자 층이 응고된 베드에 쌓입니다. 새로운 분말 입자 층에 레이저 프로세스 파라미터를 지정함으로써, 용해지 시뮬레이션을 다시 수행할 수 있습니다. 이 과정을 여러 번 반복하여 연속적으로 형성된 층 사이의 결합을 평가할 수 있습니다.
바인더 분사 시뮬레이션은 모세관 힘의 영향을 받는 파우더 베드의 바인더 확산 및 침투에 대한 통찰력을 제공합니다. 공정 매개 변수와 재료 특성은 증착 및 확산 공정에 직접적인 영향을 미친다.
FLOW-3D의 Particle 모델을 사용하여 직접 에너지 증착 공정을 시뮬레이션 할 수도 있습니다. 고체 기판에 분말 주입 속도와 열유속 입사를 지정함으로써, 고체 입자는 용융지를 통해 질량, 추진력 및 에너지를 추가할 수 있습니다. 다음 동영상에서는 용융지을 통해 고체 금속 입자가 주입되고 이어서 기판에 용융지를 응고시키는 과정이 관찰됩니다.
FLOW-3D 는 세계에서 가장 어려운 CFD문제를 해결하는 소프트웨어로, 3차원 자유표면 해석 분야에서 널리 사용되는 최적의 수치해석 소프트웨어 입니다. 특히 자유표면(자유수면)을 가진 유동흐름을 정확하게 예측하는 분야에서는 타의 추종을 불허하는 정확성을 자랑합니다.
FLOW-3D 는 핵폭탄 개발 프로젝트로 유명한 미국 국립 연구소 LANL(LosAlamos National Laboratory)의 허트(C. W. Hirt) 박사가 새로운 자유표면 추적기법(free surface tracking method)인 VOF(Volume ofFluid) 방법을 연구 개발한 후, 수 많은 유동현상에 대한 물리 모델을 추가하고 성능을 개선하여, 설계 및 운영단계에서 사용되면서 엔지니어에게 귀중한 통찰력을 제공하는 세계적인 CFD 소프트웨어 입니다.
FLOW-3D 는 정확한 자유표면 추적, 압축성/비압축성 유동, 층류/난류, 열전달(전도, 대류, 복사), 점성발열, 상변화(응고,증발)/공동현상, 표면장력, 다상유동, 물질확산, 자연대류/밀도류, 뉴턴/비뉴턴유체, 틱소트로피, 다공성매질, 가속도계/관성계, 입자추적, 전기섭동/전기삼투압/주울발열, 열모세관현상 등 수많은 물리 모델을 제공합니다.
수치해석과 관련하여 궁금하신 사항은 언제든지 부담없이 문의 해주십시오.
감사합니다.
2026 한국해양과학기술협의회 공동학술대회에 에스티아이씨앤디 부스로 참가했습니다.
📅 일시 2026년 5월 27일(수) ~ 5월 29일(금)
📍 장소 부산항국제전시컨벤션센터
많은 관심에 감사드립니다.
FLOW-3D European Users Conference가 2026년 6월 15일부터 17일까지 사흘간 독일 뒤셀도르프의 Steigenberger Icon Parkhotel 에서 개최되었습니다.
많은 관심 감사드립니다.
FLOW-3D HYDRO Workshops
Register for a FLOW-3D HYDRO workshop
Civil & Environmental Consultants, Inc.
Knoxville, TN
![Fig 2.2 - Tipology of chamber and its components (adapted from [11, 17]). (a) - Cold chamber; (b) - Hot chamber;](https://flow3d.co.kr/wp-content/uploads/image-1749-150x150.webp)
금속 주조 설계 과정에서 FLOW-3D CAST의 사용은 회사의 비용 절감 방안을 제시하여 수익성을 개선할 수 있습니다. FLOW-3D CAST 는 엔지니어와 설계자에게 경험과 전문지식을 향상시킬 수 있는 강력한 도구가 될 수 있습니다. 보통 수익성은 비용 절감과 비용 회피에서 찾을 수 있습니다. 지금, 품질과 생산성 문제는 제품개발 단계에서 다양한 시뮬레이션 통해 짧은 공정시간, 낮은 비용으로 해결 할 수 있는 방안을 찾을 수 있습니다. 새로운 개발도구인 FLOW-3D CAST의 효율성은 생산이 시작되기 전에 문제를 해결할 수 있는 방안을 제시하여 생산성을 크게 개선할 수 있습니다.
Ladle Pour
샷 슬리브 공정을 최적화하는 것은 고품질 부품을 확보하는 데 필수적입니다. FLOW-3D CAST의 시뮬레이션 결과와 실제 사례의 비교를 통해, 시뮬레이션을 사용하여 엔지니어가 값 비싼 툴링을 제작하기 전에 설계를 개선하는 방법을 강조합니다. FLOW-3D CAST는 프로세스 전반에 걸쳐 유체의 움직임을 정확하게 포착할 수 있으므로, 엔지니어가 실제 레들 주입 공정에서 신속하게 파악할 수 있습니다. 시뮬레이션은 Nemak Poland Sp. z o.o로부터 제공받았습니다.
Gravity Casting
열전대 데이터를 기반으로 한 실제 충진 재구성과 비교 한 중력 주조 시뮬레이션. Courtesy of XC Engineering and Peugeot PSA.
Foundry: Simulating a Flow Fill Pattern
사형 주조 충진중의 X- 레이 검증
X -레이 결과와 FLOW-3D CAST 시뮬레이션 결과를 나란히 비교합니다. A356 알루미늄 합금으로 사형 주조의 3 차원 충진 색상은 금속의 압력을 나타냅니다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 수직 대칭 평면에 표시됩니다. Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Processes VII, London, 1995.
HPDC: Flow Pattern
Short sleeve validation – 시뮬레이션 결과와 주조 부품, Littler Diecast Corporation의 예
Modeling Air Entrapment
디젤 엔진 용 오일 필터 하우징의 X-ray vs. FLOW-3D CAST 검증.
디젤 엔진 용 오일 필터 하우징의 X- 레이 검증, 380 다이캐스팅 합금. 결과는 혼입 된 공기의 비율로 표시됩니다. X- 레이의 상세한 영역은 최대 다공도 농도를 나타냅니다.
HPDC Filling
FLOW-3D 결과를 실제 부품과 비교하는 HPDC 캐스팅 검증
Short Shot Simulation
실제 주조 부품의 유효성 검사. 스냅 샷과 FLOW-3D CAST 시뮬레이션 결과. 왼쪽에서 오른쪽으로 : 변속기 하우징, 오일 팬 및 자동차 부품.
HPDC Air Entrapment Defects
Antrametal에 의한 주조 시뮬레이션 대 실험 결과의 성공적인 비교.
Antmetetal의 고객 검증은 FLOW-3D CAST의 Air Entrapment 모델을 사용하여 실험 결과와 시뮬레이션을 비교 한 결과를 보여줍니다. 세탁기 용 전동 모터의 앞 커버의 HPDC입니다. 공기 관련 결함은 이미지의 색상에 정 성적으로 표시됩니다. FLOW-3D CAST 내의 다른 수치 기능에 의해 포착 된 물리적 공기 포켓 또한 명확하게 표현됩니다.
Core Drying
시뮬레이션과 무기 코어의 건조 실험 사이의 BMW에 의한 비교.
Predicting Die Erosion
캐비테이션으로 인한 다이 침식 영역은 FLOW-3D CAST 결과를 실제 사례와 비교하여 올바르게 배치되었습니다.
Predicting Lost Foam Filling
Lost foam L850 블록 벌크 헤드 슬라이스에 대한 실시간 X-ray 및 FLOW-3D CAST 유동 시뮬레이션 결과의 비교. 시뮬레이션은 GM Powertrain의 예입니다.
Porosity Defects
Porosity due to entrained air
Predicting Shrinkage Porosity
A380 diesel engine block casting
Conference Proceedings
STI C&D 에서 공급하는 CFD 프로그램은 미국 Flow Science 에서 개발된 FLOW-3D solver 를 기반으로 한 매우 강력하고 정확한 열유동 수치해석 프로그램 입니다. 귀하의 업무에 적합한 제품군을 찾고자 하시면 당사의 솔루션팀으로 문의 주시기 바랍니다.
FLOW-3D 는 유체의 동적 거동을 연구하는 개발 및 설계 엔지니어에게 꼭 필요한 유동 시뮬레이션 솔루션을 제공합니다. FLOW-3D는 1, 2, 3차원의 자유 표면 해석, 시간에 따른 유체의 유동해석, 제한된 유체의 흐름, 정상 상태의 문제들을 완벽하게 해결 할 수 있습니다.
FLOW-3D HYDRO는 토목 및 환경 엔지니어링 산업을 위한 완벽한 3D CFD 모델링 솔루션입니다. FLOW-3D HYDRO는 토목 또는 환경 엔지니어의 요구에 맞는 확장된 교육 자료를 제공합니다. 업계 최고의 FLOW-3D 솔버 엔진으로 구동되는 FLOW-3D HYDRO는 수처리, 광산 광미, 다상 흐름 및 천수(shallow water) 모델에 대한 지속적인 개발과 함께 사용자에게 탁월한 시뮬레이션 기능을 제공합니다.
FLOW-3D/CAST 는 금속 주조 공정 시뮬레이션을 위해 특별히 설계된 FLOW-3D의 특별 버전입니다. 본 제품은 FLOW-3D의 강력한 해석기능을 주조분야 설계자가 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 쉬운 인터페이스를 제공합니다.
FLOW-3D HPC 는 흔히 슈퍼컴퓨터 또는 클러스터 컴퓨터를 이용하여 고성능 컴퓨팅(HPC, High-Performance Computing)을 할 수 있는 제품으로 대규모 또는 장시간 계산이 필요한 문제를 효과적으로 해결할 수 있도록 뛰어난 성능을 제공합니다. FLOW-3D HPC 는 초대형 컴퓨팅 시스템부터 조립 클러스터까지 쉽게 고성능 컴퓨팅 클러스터를 활용할 수 있습니다.
FLOW Weld 는 용접 해석에 필요한 모델을 FLOW-3D 에 추가하는 추가 모듈입니다. FLOW-3D 표면 장력 자유 표면 분석, 용융 · 응고 · 증발 상 변화 모델 등의 기본 기능을 응용하여 각종 용접 현상을 분석 할 수 있습니다.
FLOW-3D AM 은 레이저 파우더 베드 융합 (L-PBF), 바인더 제트 및 DED (Directed Energy Deposition)와 같은 적층 제조 공정 ( additive manufacturing )을 시뮬레이션하고 분석하는 CFD 소프트웨어입니다. FLOW-3D AM 의 다중 물리 기능은 공정 매개 변수의 분석 및 최적화를 위해 분말 확산 및 압축, 용융 풀 역학, L-PBF 및 DED에 대한 다공성 형성, 바인더 분사 공정을위한 수지 침투 및 확산에 대한 매우 정확한 시뮬레이션을 제공합니다.
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자유 표면 유체 역학, 파동 생성, 움직이는 물체, 계선 및 용접 공정과 관련한 FLOW-3D 의 기능은 해양 및 해양 산업에서 CFD 공정을 모델링하는 데 매우 적합한 도구입니다. 해안 응용 분야의 경우 FLOW-3D 해안 응용 분야의 경우 FLOW-3D 는 해안 구조물에 대한 심한 폭풍 및 쓰나미 파동의 세부 사항을 정확하게 예측하고 돌발 홍수 및 중요 구조물 홍수 및 피해 분석에 사용됩니다. 기능은 다음과 같습니다.
해안 응용 분야의 경우, FLOW-3D 는 강력한 폭풍과 쓰나미 현상에 의한 해안 구조물이 받는 영향에 대한 세부 사항 예측, 돌발 홍수에 의한 중요한 시설물에 대한 정확한 피해 분석 등을 위해 사용됩니다.
FLOW-3D (계류선 및 스프링 등)의 특수 물체를 다른 움직이는 물체에 부착하면 엔지니어가 선박 런칭, 부유 장애물 역학, 부표, 파도에너지 변환기 등을 정확하게 포착할 수 있습니다.
FLOW-3D 용접 모듈이 추가되면서 조선업계의 용접분야에서는 다공성 등 용접 결함을 최소화할 수 있어 선체의 품질을 크게 높이는 동시에 생산 시간을 최적화할 수 있습니다.
FLOW-3D 사용자들은 연약한 해안선 보호, 구조물에 대한 파장 시뮬레이션, 선체 설계 최적화, 선박 내 환기 연구 등 해안 및 해양 애플리케이션에 FLOW-3D를 사용합니다.
우리는 보트가 세계 항해를 하면서 마주칠 것 같은 다양한 조건에서 항해를 할 수 있는지를 볼 수 있었습니다. 그리고 속도뿐만 아니라 연료 효율과 안전도 고려하도록 설계를 수정할 수 있었습니다.
– Pete Bethune, skipper of Earthrace
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| Wave Impact on Offshore Structures | Interaction Between Waves and Breakwaters | Wave Forces on Coastal Bridges |
Bibliography
Models
아래는 코팅 참고 문헌의 기술 문서 모음입니다.
이 모든 논문은 FLOW-3D 결과를 포함하고 있습니다. FLOW-3D를 사용하여 코팅 공정을 성공적으로 시뮬레이션 하는 방법에 대해 자세히 알아보십시오.
2024년 11월 20일 Update
98-24 Fabiano I. Indicatti, Bo Cheng, Michael Rädler, Elisabeth Stammen, Klaus Dilger, Experimental and numerical investigation of the squeegee process during stencil printing of thick adhesive sealings, The Journal of Adhesion, 2024. doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2024.2356105
130-22 Md Didarul Islam, Himendra Perera, Benjamin Black, Matthew Phillips, Muh-Jang Chen, Greyson Hodges, Allyce Jackman, Yuxuan Liu, Chang-Jin Kim, Mohammed Zikry, Saad Khan, Yong Zhu, Mark Pankow, Jong Eun Ryu, Template-free scalable fabrication of linearly periodic microstructures by controlling ribbing defects phenomenon in forward roll coating for multifunctional applications, Advanced Materials Interfaces, 9.27; 2201237, 2022. doi.org/10.1002/admi.202201237
03-21 Delong Jia, Peng Yi, Yancong Liu, Jiawei Sun, Shengbo Yue, Qi Zhao, Effect of laser textured groove wall interface on molybdenum coating diffusion and metallurgical bonding, Surface and Coatings Technology, 405; 126561, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126561
50-19 Peng Yi, Delong Jia, Xianghua Zhan, Pengun Xu, and Javad Mostaghimi, Coating solidification mechanism during plasma-sprayed filling the laser textured grooves, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 142, 2019. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118451
01-19 Jelena Dinic and Vivek Sharma, Computational analysis of self-similar capillary-driven thinning and pinch-off dynamics during dripping using the volume-of-fluid method, Physics of Fluids, Vol. 31, 2019. doi: 10.1063/1.5061715
85-18 Zia Jang, Oliver Litfin and Antonio Delgado, A semi-analytical approach for prediction of volume flow rate in nip-fed reverse roll coating process, Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Vol. 18, no. 1, Special Issue: 89th Annual Meeting of the International Association of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 2018. doi: 10.1002/pamm.201800317
80-14 Hiroaki Koyama, Kazuhiro Fukada, Yoshitaka Murakami, Satoshi Inoue, and Tatsuya Shimoda, Investigation of Roll-to-Sheet Imprinting for the Fabrication of Thin-film Transistor Electrodes, IEICE TRAN, ELECTRON, VOL.E97-C, NO.11, November 2014
46-14 Isabell Vogeler, Andreas Olbers, Bettina Willinger and Antonio Delgado, Numerical investigation of the onset of air entrainment in forward roll coating, 17th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium September 7-10, 2014 San Diego, CA, USA
17-12 Chi-Feng Lin, Bo-Kai Wang, Carlos Tiu and Ta-Jo Liu, On the Pinning of Downstream Meniscus for Slot Die Coating, Advances in Polymer Technology, Vol. 00, No. 0, 1-9 (2012) © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Available online at Wiley.
01-11 Reid Chesterfield, Andrew Johnson, Charlie Lang, Matthew Stainer, and Jonathan Ziebarth, Solution-Coating Technology for AMOLED Displays, Information Display Magazine, 1/11 0362-0972/01/2011-024 © SID 2011.
61-09 Yi-Rong Chang, Chi-Feng Lin and Ta-Jo Liu, Start-up of slot die coating, Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 49, pp. 1158-1167, 2009. doi:10.1002/pen.21360
26-06 James M. Brethour, 3-D transient simulation of viscoelastic coating flows, 13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium, September 2006, Denver, Colorado
19-06 Ivosevic, M., Cairncross, R. A., and Knight, R., 3D Predictions of Thermally Sprayed Polymer Splats Modeling Particle Acceleration, Heating and Deformation on Impact with a Flat Substrate, Int. J. of Heat and Mass Transfer, 49, pp. 3285 – 3297, 2006
9-06 M. Ivosevic, R. A. Cairncross, R. Knight, T. E. Twardowski, V. Gupta, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; J. A. Baldoni, Duke University, Durham, NC, Effect of Substrate Roughness on Splatting Behavior of HVOF Sprayed Polymer Particles Modeling and Experiments, International Thermal Spray Conference, Seattle, WA, May 2006.
26-05 Ivosevic, M., Cairncross, R. A., Knight, R., Impact Modeling of Thermally Sprayed Polymer Particles, Proc. International Thermal Spray Conference [ITSC-2005], Eds., DVS/IIW/ASM-TSS, Basel, Switzerland, May 2005.
11-05 Brethour, J., Simulation of Viscoelastic Coating Flows with a Volume-of-fluid Technique, in Proceedings of the 6th European Coating Symposium, Bradford, UK, 2005
1-05 C.W. Hirt, Electro-Hydrodynamics of Semi-Conductive Fluids: With Application to Electro-Spraying, Flow Science Technical Note #70, FSI-05-TN70
38-04 K.H. Ho and Y.Y. Zhao, Modelling thermal development of liquid metal flow on rotating disc in centrifugal atomisation, Materials Science and Engineering, A365, pp. 336-340, 2004. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2003.09.044
30-04 M. Ivosevic, R.A. Cairncross, and R. Knight, Impact Modeling of HVOF Sprayed Polymer Particles, Presented at the 12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium, Rochester, New York, September 23-25, 2004
29-04 J.M. Brethour and C.W. Hirt, Stains Arising from Dried Liquid Drops, Presented at the 12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium, Rochester, New York, September 23-25, 2004
20-03 James Brethour, Filling and Emptying of Gravure Cells–A CFD Analysis, Convertech Pacific October 2002, Vol. 10, No 4, p 34-37
4-03 M. Toivakka, Numerical Investigation of Droplet Impact Spreading in Spray Coating of Paper, In Proceedings of 2003 TAPPI 8th Advanced Coating Fundamentals Symposium, TAPPI Press, Atlanta, 2003
28-02 J.M. Brethour and H. Benkreira, Filling and Emptying of Gravure Cells—Experiment and CFD Comparison, 11th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium, September 23-25, 2002, Minneapolis, Minnesota
22-02 Hirt, C.W., and Brethour, J.M., Contact Line on Rough Surfaces with Application to Air Entrainment, Presented at the 11th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium, September 23-25, 2002, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Unpublished.
17-01 J. M. Brethour, C. W. Hirt, Moving Contact Lines on Rough Surfaces, 4th European Coating Symposium, 2001, Belgium
16-01 J. M. Brethour, Filling and Emptying of Gravure Cells–-A CFD Analysis, proceedings of the 4th European Coating Symposium 2001, October 1-4, 2001, Brussels, Belgium
26-00 Ronald H. Miller and Gary S. Strumolo, A Self-Consistent Transient Paint Simulation, Proceedings of IMEC2000: 2000 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 2000, Orlando, Florida
6-99 C. W. Hirt, Direct Computation of Dynamic Contact Angles and Contact Lines, ECC99 Coating Conference, Erlangen, Germany (FSI-99-00-2), Sept. 1999
7-98 J. E. Richardson and Y. Becker, Three-Dimensional Simulation of Slot Coating Edge Effects, Flow Science Inc, and Polaroid Corporation, presented at the 9th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium, Newark, DE, May 18-20, 1998
6-98 C. W. Hirt and E. Choinski, Simulation of the Wet-Start Process in Slot Coating, Flow Science Inc, and Polaroid Corporation, presented at the 9th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium, Newark, DE, May 18-20, 1998
3-97 C. W. Hirt and J. E. Richardson of Flow Science Inc, and K.S. Chen, Sandia National Laboratory, Simulation of Transient and Three-Dimensional Coating Flows Using a Volume-of-Fluid Technique, presented at the 50th Annual Conference of the Society for Imaging and Science Technology, Boston, MA 18-23 May 1997
2-96 C. W. Hirt, K. S. Chen, Simulation of Slide-Coating Flows Using a Fixed Grid and a Volume-of-Fluid Front-Tracking Technique, presented a the 8th International Coating Process Science & Technology Symposium, February 25-29, 1996, New Orleans, LA
다음은 금속 주조 참고 문헌의 기술 문서 모음입니다.
이 모든 논문은 FLOW-3D CAST 결과를 포함하고 있습니다. FLOW-3D CAST 를 사용하여 금속 주조 산업의 어플리케이션을 성공적으로 시뮬레이션 하는 방법에 대해 자세히 알아보십시오.
2024년 11월 20일 Update
93-24 Benedict Baumann, Andreas Kessler, Claudia Dommaschk, Gotthard Wolf , Influence of filter structure and casting system on filtration efficiency in aluminum mold casting, Multifunctional Ceramic Filter Systems for Metal Melt Filtration, Eds. C.G. Aneziris, H. Biermann, Springer Series in Materials Science, 337; 2024. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40930-1_28
93-24 Benedict Baumann, Andreas Kessler, Claudia Dommaschk, Gotthard Wolf , Influence of filter structure and casting system on filtration efficiency in aluminum mold casting, Multifunctional Ceramic Filter Systems for Metal Melt Filtration, Eds. C.G. Aneziris, H. Biermann, Springer Series in Materials Science, 337; 2024. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40930-1_28
87-24 Rahul Jayakumar, T.P.D. Rajan, Sivaraman Savithri, A GPU based accelerated solver for simulation of heat transfer during metal casting process, Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 32.5; 055013, 2024. doi.org/10.1088/1361-651X/ad4406
46-24 Masyrukan, Irwan Mawarda, Sunardi Wiyono, Bibit Sugito, Ummi Kultsum, Dessy Ade Pratiwi, Desi Gustiani, Nur Annisa Istiqamah, The effect of differences in in-gate diameter size on the structure and mechanical properties of aluminum (Al) castings in pipe products with a red sand mold, AIP Conference Proceedings, 2838.1; 2024. doi.org/10.1063/5.0185773
43-24 German Alberto Barragán De Los Rios, Silvio Andrés Salazar Martínez, Emigdio Mendoza Fandiño, Patricia Fernández-Morales, Numerical simulation of aluminum foams by space holder infiltration, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-024-01287-8
40-24 Bin Zhang, Gary P. Grealy, Thermomechanical modeling on AirSlip® billet DC casting of high-strength crack-prone aluminum alloys, Light Metals 2024, Eds. S. Wagstaff, pp. 1015-1025, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50308-5_128
35-24 Balaji Chandrakanth, Ved Prakash, Adwaita Maiti, Diya Mukherjee, Development of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) inspired structured cast iron foams through casting route, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-023-01247-8
19-24 Diya Mukherjee, Himadri Roy, Balaji Chandrakanth, Nilrudra Mandal, Sudip Kumar Samanta, Manidipto Mukherjee, Enhancing properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy through microalloying and heat treatment, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 314; 128881, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.128881
46-24 Masyrukan, Irwan Mawarda, Sunardi Wiyono, Bibit Sugito, Ummi Kultsum, Dessy Ade Pratiwi, Desi Gustiani, Nur Annisa Istiqamah, The effect of differences in in-gate diameter size on the structure and mechanical properties of aluminum (Al) castings in pipe products with a red sand mold, AIP Conference Proceedings, 2838.1; 2024. doi.org/10.1063/5.0185773
43-24 German Alberto Barragán De Los Rios, Silvio Andrés Salazar Martínez, Emigdio Mendoza Fandiño, Patricia Fernández-Morales, Numerical simulation of aluminum foams by space holder infiltration, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-024-01287-8
40-24 Bin Zhang, Gary P. Grealy, Thermomechanical modeling on AirSlip® billet DC casting of high-strength crack-prone aluminum alloys, Light Metals 2024, Eds. S. Wagstaff, pp. 1015-1025, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50308-5_128
35-24 Balaji Chandrakanth, Ved Prakash, Adwaita Maiti, Diya Mukherjee, Development of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) inspired structured cast iron foams through casting route, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-023-01247-8
19-24 Diya Mukherjee, Himadri Roy, Balaji Chandrakanth, Nilrudra Mandal, Sudip Kumar Samanta, Manidipto Mukherjee, Enhancing properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy through microalloying and heat treatment, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 314; 128881, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.128881
181-23 Daichi Minamide, Ken’ichi Yano, Masahiro Sano, Takahiro Aoki, Overflow design system to decrease gas defects considering the direction of molten metal flow, 3rd International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering (ICECCME), pp. 1-6, 2023. doi.org/10.1109/ICECCME57830.2023.10253413
102-23 Daichi Minamide, Ken’ichi Yano, Masahiro Sano, Takahiro Aoki, Automatic design of overflow system for preventing gas defects by considering the direction of molten metal flow, Computer-Aided Design, 163; 103586, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2023.103586
87-23 Prosenjit Das, Optimisation of melt pouring temperature and low superheat casting of Al-15Mg2Si-4.5Si composite, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 36.1-3; 2023. doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2023.2211895
60-23 Yuanhao Gu, Feng Wang, Jian Jiao, Zhi Wang, Le Zhou, Pingli Mao, Zheng Liu, Study on semisolid rheo-diecasting process, microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Al-1Ca-0.5Sb alloy with high solid fraction, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-023-01001-0
48-23 Patricia Fernández‑Morales, Lauramaría Echeverrí, Emigdio Mendoza Fandiño, Alejandro Alberto Zuleta Gil, Replication casting and additive manufacturing for fabrication of cellular aluminum with periodic topology: optimization by CFD simulation, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 26; pp. 1789-1797, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11124-7
45-23 Daniel Martinez, Philip King, Santosh Reddy Sama, Jay Sim, Hakan Toykoc, Guha Manogharan, Effect of freezing range on reducing casting defects through 3D sand-printed mold designs, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11112-x
38-23 Emanuele Pagone, Christopher Jones, John Forde, William Shaw, Mark Jolly, Konstantinos Salonitis, Defect minimization in vacuum-assisted plaster mould investment casting through simulation of high-value aluminium alloy components, TMS 2023: Light Metals, pp. 1078-1086, 2023.
33-23 Philip King, Guha Manogharan, Novel experimental method for metal flow analysis using open molds for sand casting, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-023-00966-2
32-23 Sujeet Kumar Gautam, Himadri Roy, Aditya Kumar Lohar, Sudip Kumar Samanta, Studies on mold filling behavior of Al–10.5Si–1.7Cu Al alloy during rheo pressure die casting system, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-023-00958-2
31-23 Anand Kumbhare, Prasenjit Biswas, Anil Bisen, Chandan Choudary, Investigation of effect of the rheological parameters on the flow behavior of ADC12 Al alloy in rheo-pressure die casting, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-023-00962-6
24-23 Natalia Raźny, Anna Dmitruk, Maria Serdechnova, Carsten Blawert, Joanna Ludwiczak, Krzysztof Naplocha, The performance of thermally conductive tree-like cast aluminum structures in PCM-based storage units, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 142; 106606, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.106606
172-22 J. Yokesh Kumar, S. Gopi, K.S. Amirthagadeswaran, Redesigning and numerical simulation of gating system to reduce cold shut defect in submersible pump part castings, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 2022. doi.org/10.1177/0954408922114218
125-22 Maximilian Erber, Tobias Rosnitschek, Christoph Hartmann, Bettina Alber-Laukant, Stephan Tremmel, Wolfram Volk, Geometry-based assurance of directional solidification for complex topology-optimized castings using the medial axis transform, Computer-Aided Design, 152; 103394, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2022.103394
74-22 Vasilios Fourlakidis, Ilia Belov, Attila Diószeg, Experimental model of the pearlite interlamellar spacing in lamellar graphite iron, Tecnologia em Metalurgia, Materiais e Mineração, 19; e2634, 2022. doi.org/10.4322/2176-1523.20222634
71-22 M. G. Mahmoud, Amr Abdelghany, Serag Salem, Numerical simulation of door lock plates castings produced by high pressure die casting process, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-022-00797-7
70-22 Andreas Schilling, Daniel Schmidt, Jakob Glück, Niklas Schwenke, Husam Sharabi, Martin Fehlbier, About the impact on gravity cast salt cores in high pressure die casting and rheocasting, Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 119; 102585, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2022.102585
52-22 Manthan Dhisale, Jitesh Vasavada, Asim Tewari, An approach to optimize cooling channel parameters of low pressure die casting process for reducing shrinkage porosity in aluminium alloy wheels, Materials Today: Proceedings, in print, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.478
44-22 Zihan Lang, Feng Wang, Wei Wang, Zhi Wang, Le Zhou, Pingli Mao, Zheng Liu, Numerical simulation and experimental study on semi-solid forming process of 319s aluminum alloy test bar, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-022-00788-8
32-22 Elisa Fracchia, Federico Simone Gobber, Claudio Mus, Raul Pirovino, Mario Russo, The local squeeze technology for challenging aluminium HPDC automotive components, Light Metals, pp. 772-778, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92529-1_102
141-21 O. Ayer, O. Kaya, Mould design optimisation by FEM, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2130; 012021, 2021. doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2130/1/012021
117-21 I. Rajkumar, N. Rajini, T. Ram Prabhu, Sikiru O. Ismail, Suchart Siengchin, Faruq Mohammad, Hamad A. Al-Lohedan , Applicability of angular orientations of gating designs to quality of sand casting components using two-cavity mould set-up, Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/s12666-021-02434-z
106-21 M. Ahmed, E. Riedel, M. Kovalko, A. Volochko, R. Bähr, A. Nofal, Ultrafine ductile and austempered ductile irons by solidification in ultrasonic field, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-021-00683-8
97-21 J. Glueck, A. Schilling, N. Schwenke, A. Fros, M.Fehlbier, Efficiency and agility of a liquid CO2 cooling system for molten metal systems, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 28; 101485, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2021.101485
82-21 Giulia Scampone, Raul Pirovano, Stefano Mascetti, Giulio Timelli, Experimental and numerical investigations of oxide-related defects in Al alloy gravity die castings, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 117; pp. 1765-1780, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07680-5
74-21 Shuyang Ren, Feng Wang, Jingying Sun, Zheng Liu, Pingli Mao, Gating system design based on numerical simulation and production experiment verification of aluminum alloy bracket fabricated by semi-solid rheo-die casting process, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-021-00648-x
69-21 Ozen Gursoy, Murat Colak, Kazim Tur, Derya Dispinar, Characterization of properties of Vanadium, Boron and Strontium addition on HPDC of A360 alloy, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 271; 124931, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.124931
54-21 K. Munpakdee, P. Ninpetch, S. Otarawanna, R. Canyook, P. Kowitwarangkul, Effect of feed sprue size on porosity defects in Platinum 950 centrifugal investment casting via numerical modelling, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 11th TSME-International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, December 1-4, 2020, 1137; 012021, 2021. doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1137/1/012021/
44-21 Yunxiang Zhang, Haidong Zhao, Fei Liu, Microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties improvement of gravity cast Al-7Si-0.4Mg alloys with Zr additions, Materials Characterization, 176; 111117, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111117
05-21 Heqian Song, Lunyong Zhang, Fuyang Cao, Xu Gu, Jianfei Sun, Oxide bifilm defects in aluminum alloy castings, Materials Letters, 285; 129089, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.129089
127-20 Eric Riedel, Niklas Bergedieck, Stefan Scharf, CFD simulation based investigation of cavitation cynamics during high intensity ultrasonic treatment of A356, Metals, 10.11; 1529, 2020. doi.org/10.3390/met10111529
86-20 Malte Leonhard, Matthias Todte, Jörg Schäfer, Realistic simulation of the combustion of exothermic feeders, Modern Casting, August 2020; pp. 35-40, 2020. (See also 58-19)
52-20 Mingfan Qi, Yonglin Kang, Jingyuan Li, Zhumabieke Wulabieke, Yuzhao Xu, Yangde Li, Aisen Liu, Junchen Chen, Microstructures refinement and mechanical properties enhancement of aluminum and magnesium alloys by combining distributary-confluence channel process for semisolid slurry preparation with high pressure die-casting, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 285; 116800, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2020.116800
46-20 Yasushi Iwata, Shuxin Dong, Yoshio Sugiyama, Jun Yaokawa, Melt permeability changes during solidification of aluminum alloys and application to feeding simulation for die castings, Materials Transactions, 61.7; pp. 1381-1386, 2020. doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.F-M2020822
45-20 Daniel Bernal, Xabier Chamorro, Iñaki Hurtado, Iñaki Madariaga, Effect of boron content and cooling rate on the microstructure and boride formation of β-solidifying γ-TiAl TNM alloy, Metals, 10.5; 698, 2020. doi.org/10.3390/met10050698
33-20 Eric Riedel, Martin Liepe Stefan Scharf, Simulation of ultrasonic induced cavitation and acoustic streaming in liquid and solidifying aluminum, Metals, 10.4; 476, 2020. doi.org/10.3390/met10040476
20-20 Wu Yue, Li Zhuo and Lu Rong, Simulation and visual tester verification of solid propellant slurry vacuum plate casting, Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2020. doi.org/10.1002/prep.201900411
17-20 C.A. Jones, M.R. Jolly, A.E.W. Jarfors and M. Irwin, An experimental characterization of thermophysical properties of a porous ceramic shell used in the investment casting process, Supplimental Proceedings, pp. 1095-1105, TMS 2020 149th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, San Diego, CA, February 23-27, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36296-6_102
12-20 Franz Josef Feikus, Paul Bernsteiner, Ricardo Fernández Gutiérrez and Michal Luszczak , Further development of electric motor housings, MTZ Worldwide, 81, pp. 38-43, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/s38313-019-0176-z
09-20 Mingfan Qi, Yonglin Kang, Yuzhao Xu, Zhumabieke Wulabieke and Jingyuan Li, A novel rheological high pressure die-casting process for preparing large thin-walled Al–Si–Fe–Mg–Sr alloy with high heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 776, art. no. 139040, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.139040
07-20 Stefan Heugenhauser, Erhard Kaschnitz and Peter Schumacher, Development of an aluminum compound casting process – Experiments and numerical simulations, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 279, art. no. 116578, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.116578
05-20 Michail Papanikolaou, Emanuele Pagone, Mark Jolly and Konstantinos Salonitis, Numerical simulation and evaluation of Campbell running and gating systems, Metals, 10.1, art. no. 68, 2020. doi.org/10.3390/met10010068
102-19 Ferencz Peti and Gabriela Strnad, The effect of squeeze pin dimension and operational parameters on material homogeneity of aluminium high pressure die cast parts, Acta Marisiensis. Seria Technologica, 16.2, 2019. doi.org/0.2478/amset-2019-0010
94-19 E. Riedel, I. Horn, N. Stein, H. Stein, R. Bahr, and S. Scharf, Ultrasonic treatment: a clean technology that supports sustainability incasting processes, Procedia, 26th CIRP Life Cycle Engineering (LCE) Conference, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, May 7-9, 2019.
93-19 Adrian V. Catalina, Liping Xue, Charles A. Monroe, Robin D. Foley, and John A. Griffin, Modeling and Simulation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlSi- and AlCu-based Alloys, Transactions, 123rd Metalcasting Congress, Atlanta, GA, USA, April 27-30, 2019.
84-19 Arun Prabhakar, Michail Papanikolaou, Konstantinos Salonitis, and Mark Jolly, Sand casting of sheet lead: numerical simulation of metal flow and solidification, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, pp. 1-13, 2019. doi:10.1007/s00170-019-04522-3
72-19 Santosh Reddy Sama, Eric Macdonald, Robert Voigt, and Guha Manogharan, Measurement of metal velocity in sand casting during mold filling, Metals, 9:1079, 2019. doi:10.3390/met9101079
71-19 Sebastian Findeisen, Robin Van Der Auwera, Michael Heuser, and Franz-Josef Wöstmann, Gießtechnische Fertigung von E-Motorengehäusen mit interner Kühling (Casting production of electric motor housings with internal cooling), Geisserei, 106, pp. 72-78, 2019 (in German).
58-19 Von Malte Leonhard, Matthias Todte, and Jörg Schäffer, Realistic simulation of the combustion of exothermic feeders, Casting, No. 2, pp. 28-32, 2019. In English and German.
52-19 S. Lakkum and P. Kowitwarangkul, Numerical investigations on the effect of gas flow rate in the gas stirred ladle with dual plugs, International Conference on Materials Research and Innovation (ICMARI), Bangkok, Thailand, December 17-21, 2018. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 526, 2019. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/526/1/012028
47-19 Bing Zhou, Shuai Lu, Kaile Xu, Chun Xu, and Zhanyong Wang, Microstructure and simulation of semisolid aluminum alloy castings in the process of stirring integrated transfer-heat (SIT) with water cooling, International Journal of Metalcasting, Online edition, pp. 1-13, 2019. doi: 10.1007/s40962-019-00357-6
31-19 Zihao Yuan, Zhipeng Guo, and S.M. Xiong, Skin layer of A380 aluminium alloy die castings and its blistering during solution treatment, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, Vol. 35, No. 9, pp. 1906-1916, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.05.011
25-19 Stefano Mascetti, Raul Pirovano, and Giulio Timelli, Interazione metallo liquido/stampo: Il fenomeno della metallizzazione, La Metallurgia Italiana, No. 4, pp. 44-50, 2019. In Italian.
20-19 Fu-Yuan Hsu, Campbellology for runner system design, Shape Casting: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, pp. 187-199, 2019. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-06034-3_19
19-19 Chengcheng Lyu, Michail Papanikolaou, and Mark Jolly, Numerical process modelling and simulation of Campbell running systems designs, Shape Casting: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, pp. 53-64, 2019. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-06034-3_5
18-19 Adrian V. Catalina, Liping Xue, and Charles Monroe, A solidification model with application to AlSi-based alloys, Shape Casting: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, pp. 201-213, 2019. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-06034-3_20
17-19 Fu-Yuan Hsu and Yu-Hung Chen, The validation of feeder modeling for ductile iron castings, Shape Casting: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, pp. 227-238, 2019. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-06034-3_22
04-19 Santosh Reddy Sama, Tony Badamo, Paul Lynch and Guha Manogharan, Novel sprue designs in metal casting via 3D sand-printing, Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 25, pp. 563-578, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.addma.2018.12.009
02-19 Jingying Sun, Qichi Le, Li Fu, Jing Bai, Johannes Tretter, Klaus Herbold and Hongwei Huo, Gas entrainment behavior of aluminum alloy engine crankcases during the low-pressure-die-casting-process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 266, pp. 274-282, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.11.016
82-18 Xu Zhao, Ping Wang, Tao Li, Bo-yu Zhang, Peng Wang, Guan-zhou Wang and Shi-qi Lu, Gating system optimization of high pressure die casting thin-wall AlSi10MnMg longitudinal loadbearing beam based on numerical simulation, China Foundry, Vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 436-442, 2018. doi: 10.1007/s41230-018-8052-z
80-18 Michail Papanikolaou, Emanuele Pagone, Konstantinos Salonitis, Mark Jolly and Charalampos Makatsoris, A computational framework towards energy efficient casting processes, Sustainable Design and Manufacturing 2018: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing (KES-SDM-18), Gold Coast, Australia, June 24-26 2018, SIST 130, pp. 263-276, 2019. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-04290-5_27
64-18 Vasilios Fourlakidis, Ilia Belov and Attila Diószegi, Strength prediction for pearlitic lamellar graphite iron: Model validation, Metals, Vol. 8, No. 9, 2018. doi: 10.3390/met8090684
51-18 Xue-feng Zhu, Bao-yi Yu, Li Zheng, Bo-ning Yu, Qiang Li, Shu-ning Lü and Hao Zhang, Influence of pouring methods on filling process, microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 Mg alloy pipe by horizontal centrifugal casting, China Foundry, vol. 15, no. 3, pp.196-202, 2018. doi: 10.1007/s41230-018-7256-6
47-18 Santosh Reddy Sama, Jiayi Wang and Guha Manogharan, Non-conventional mold design for metal casting using 3D sand-printing, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 34-B, pp. 765-775, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.03.049
42-18 M. Koru and O. Serçe, The Effects of Thermal and Dynamical Parameters and Vacuum Application on Porosity in High-Pressure Die Casting of A383 Al-Alloy, International Journal of Metalcasting, pp. 1-17, 2018. /doi: 10.1007/s40962-018-0214-7
41-18 Abhilash Viswanath, S. Savithri, U.T.S. Pillai, Similitude analysis on flow characteristics of water, A356 and AM50 alloys during LPC process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 257, pp. 270-277, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.02.031
29-18 Seyboldt, Christoph and Liewald, Mathias, Investigation on thixojoining to produce hybrid components with intermetallic phase, AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1960, no. 1, 2018. doi: 10.1063/1.5034992
28-18 Laura Schomer, Mathias Liewald and Kim Rouven Riedmüller, Simulation of the infiltration process of a ceramic open-pore body with a metal alloy in semi-solid state to design the manufacturing of interpenetrating phase composites, AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1960, no. 1, 2018. doi: 10.1063/1.5034991
41-17 Y. N. Wu et al., Numerical Simulation on Filling Optimization of Copper Rotor for High Efficient Electric Motors in Die Casting Process, Materials Science Forum, Vol. 898, pp. 1163-1170, 2017.
12-17 A.M. Zarubin and O.A. Zarubina, Controlling the flow rate of melt in gravity die casting of aluminum alloys, Liteynoe Proizvodstvo (Casting Manufacturing), pp 16-20, 6, 2017. In Russian.
10-17 A.Y. Korotchenko, Y.V. Golenkov, M.V. Tverskoy and D.E. Khilkov, Simulation of the Flow of Metal Mixtures in the Mold, Liteynoe Proizvodstvo (Casting Manufacturing), pp 18-22, 5, 2017. In Russian.
08-17 Morteza Morakabian Esfahani, Esmaeil Hajjari, Ali Farzadi and Seyed Reza Alavi Zaree, Prediction of the contact time through modeling of heat transfer and fluid flow in compound casting process of Al/Mg light metals, Journal of Materials Research, © Materials Research Society 2017
04-17 Huihui Liu, Xiongwei He and Peng Guo, Numerical simulation on semi-solid die-casting of magnesium matrix composite based on orthogonal experiment, AIP Conference Proceedings 1829, 020037 (2017); doi: 10.1063/1.4979769.
100-16 Robert Watson, New numerical techniques to quantify and predict the effect of entrainment defects, applied to high pressure die casting, PhD Thesis: University of Birmingham, 2016.
88-16 M.C. Carter, T. Kauffung, L. Weyenberg and C. Peters, Low Pressure Die Casting Simulation Discovery through Short Shot, Cast Expo & Metal Casting Congress, April 16-19, 2016, Minneapolis, MN, Copyright 2016 American Foundry Society.
61-16 M. Koru and O. Serçe, Experimental and numerical determination of casting mold interfacial heat transfer coefficient in the high pressure die casting of a 360 aluminum alloy, ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A, Vol. 129 (2016)
59-16 R. Pirovano and S. Mascetti, Tracking of collapsed bubbles during a filling simulation, La Metallurgia Italiana – n. 6 2016
43-16 Kevin Lee, Understanding shell cracking during de-wax process in investment casting, Ph.D Thesis: University of Birmingham, School of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2016.
35-16 Konstantinos Salonitis, Mark Jolly, Binxu Zeng, and Hamid Mehrabi, Improvements in energy consumption and environmental impact by novel single shot melting process for casting, Journal of Cleaner Production, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.165, Open Access funded by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, June 29, 2016
20-16 Fu-Yuan Hsu, Bifilm Defect Formation in Hydraulic Jump of Liquid Aluminum, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2016, Band: 47, Heft 3, 1634-1648.
15-16 Mingfan Qia, Yonglin Kanga, Bing Zhoua, Wanneng Liaoa, Guoming Zhua, Yangde Lib,and Weirong Li, A forced convection stirring process for Rheo-HPDC aluminum and magnesium alloys, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 234 (2016) 353–367
112-15 José Miguel Gonçalves Ledo Belo da Costa, Optimization of filling systems for low pressure by FLOW-3D, Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Mecânica, http://hdl.handle.net/1822/40132, 2015
89-15 B.W. Zhu, L.X. Li, X. Liu, L.Q. Zhang and R. Xu, Effect of Viscosity Measurement Method to Simulate High Pressure Die Casting of Thin-Wall AlSi10MnMg Alloy Castings, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Published online, November 2015, DOI: 10.1007/s11665-015-1783-8, © ASM International.
88-15 Peng Zhang, Zhenming Li, Baoliang Liu, Wenjiang Ding and Liming Peng, Improved tensile properties of a new aluminum alloy for high pressure die casting, Materials Science & Engineering A651(2016)376–390, Available online, November 2015.
83-15 Zu-Qi Hu, Xin-Jian Zhang and Shu-Sen Wu, Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Die-Filling Behavior of High-Performance Die-Cast Al–Mg–Si–Mn Alloy, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.), DOI 10.1007/s40195-015-0332-7, © The Chinese Society for Metals and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015.
82-15 J. Müller, L. Xue, M.C. Carter, C. Thoma, M. Fehlbier and M. Todte, A Die Spray Cooling Model for Thermal Die Cycling Simulations, 2015 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, Indianapolis, IN, October 2015
81-15 M. T. Murray, L.F. Hansen, L. Chilcott, E. Li and A.M. Murray, Case Studies in the Use of Simulation- Improved Yield and Reduced Time to Market, 2015 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, Indianapolis, IN, October 2015
80-15 R. Bhola, S. Chandra and D. Souders, Predicting Castability of Thin-Walled Parts for the HPDC Process Using Simulations, 2015 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, Indianapolis, IN, October 2015
76-15 Prosenjit Das, Sudip K. Samanta, Shashank Tiwari and Pradip Dutta, Die Filling Behaviour of Semi Solid A356 Al Alloy Slurry During Rheo Pressure Die Casting, Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, pp 1-6, October 2015
74-15 Murat KORU and Orhan SERÇE, Yüksek Basınçlı Döküm Prosesinde Enjeksiyon Parametrelerine Bağlı Olarak Döküm Simülasyon, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Science, Science Journal (CSJ), Vol. 36, No: 5 (2015) ISSN: 1300-1949, May 2015
69-15 A. Viswanath, S. Sivaraman, U. T. S. Pillai, Computer Simulation of Low Pressure Casting Process Using FLOW-3D, Materials Science Forum, Vols. 830-831, pp. 45-48, September 2015
68-15 J. Aneesh Kumar, K. Krishnakumar and S. Savithri, Computer Simulation of Centrifugal Casting Process Using FLOW-3D, Materials Science Forum, Vols. 830-831, pp. 53-56, September 2015
59-15 F. Hosseini Yekta and S. A. Sadough Vanini, Simulation of the flow of semi-solid steel alloy using an enhanced model, Metals and Materials International, August 2015.
44-15 Ulrich E. Klotz, Tiziana Heiss and Dario Tiberto, Platinum investment casting material properties, casting simulation and optimum process parameters, Jewelry Technology Forum 2015
41-15 M. Barkhudarov and R. Pirovano, Minimizing Air Entrainment in High Pressure Die Casting Shot Sleeves, GIFA 2015, Düsseldorf, Germany
40-15 M. Todte, A. Fent, and H. Lang, Simulation in support of the development of innovative processes in the casting industry, GIFA 2015, Düsseldorf, Germany
19-15 Bruce Morey, Virtual casting improves powertrain design, Automotive Engineering, SAE International, March 2015.
15-15 K.S. Oh, J.D. Lee, S.J. Kim and J.Y. Choi, Development of a large ingot continuous caster, Metall. Res. Technol. 112, 203 (2015) © EDP Sciences, 2015, DOI: 10.1051/metal/2015006, www.metallurgical-research.org
14-15 Tiziana Heiss, Ulrich E. Klotz and Dario Tiberto, Platinum Investment Casting, Part I: Simulation and Experimental Study of the Casting Process, Johnson Matthey Technol. Rev., 2015, 59, (2), 95, doi:10.1595/205651315×687399
138-14 Christopher Thoma, Wolfram Volk, Ruben Heid, Klaus Dilger, Gregor Banner and Harald Eibisch, Simulation-based prediction of the fracture elongation as a failure criterion for thin-walled high-pressure die casting components, International Journal of Metalcasting, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 47-54, 2014. doi:10.1007/BF03355594
107-14 Mehran Seyed Ahmadi, Dissolution of Si in Molten Al with Gas Injection, ProQuest Dissertations And Theses; Thesis (Ph.D.), University of Toronto (Canada), 2014; Publication Number: AAT 3637106; ISBN: 9781321195231; Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-02(E), Section: B.; 191 p.
99-14 R. Bhola and S. Chandra, Predicting Castability for Thin-Walled HPDC Parts, Foundry Management Technology, December 2014
92-14 Warren Bishenden and Changhua Huang, Venting design and process optimization of die casting process for structural components; Part II: Venting design and process optimization, Die Casting Engineer, November 2014
90-14 Ken’ichi Kanazawa, Ken’ichi Yano, Jun’ichi Ogura, and Yasunori Nemoto, Optimum Runner Design for Die-Casting using CFD Simulations and Verification with Water-Model Experiments, Proceedings of the ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE2014, November 14-20, 2014, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, IMECE2014-37419
89-14 P. Kapranos, C. Carney, A. Pola, and M. Jolly, Advanced Casting Methodologies: Investment Casting, Centrifugal Casting, Squeeze Casting, Metal Spinning, and Batch Casting, In Comprehensive Materials Processing; McGeough, J., Ed.; 2014, Elsevier Ltd., 2014; Vol. 5, pp 39–67.
77-14 Andrei Y. Korotchenko, Development of Scientific and Technological Approaches to Casting Net-Shaped Castings in Sand Molds Free of Shrinkage Defects and Hot Tears, Post-doctoral thesis: Russian State Technological University, 2014. In Russian.
69-14 L. Xue, M.C. Carter, A.V. Catalina, Z. Lin, C. Li, and C. Qiu, Predicting, Preventing Core Gas Defects in Steel Castings, Modern Casting, September 2014
68-14 L. Xue, M.C. Carter, A.V. Catalina, Z. Lin, C. Li, and C. Qiu, Numerical Simulation of Core Gas Defects in Steel Castings, Copyright 2014 American Foundry Society, 118th Metalcasting Congress, April 8 – 11, 2014, Schaumburg, IL
51-14 Jesus M. Blanco, Primitivo Carranza, Rafael Pintos, Pedro Arriaga, and Lakhdar Remaki, Identification of Defects Originated during the Filling of Cast Pieces through Particles Modelling, 11th World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM XI), 5th European Conference on Computational Mechanics (ECCM V), 6th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ECFD VI), E. Oñate, J. Oliver and A. Huerta (Eds)
47-14 B. Vijaya Ramnatha, C.Elanchezhiana, Vishal Chandrasekhar, A. Arun Kumarb, S. Mohamed Asif, G. Riyaz Mohamed, D. Vinodh Raj , C .Suresh Kumar, Analysis and Optimization of Gating System for Commutator End Bracket, Procedia Materials Science 6 ( 2014 ) 1312 – 1328, 3rd International Conference on Materials Processing and Characterisation (ICMPC 2014)
42-14 Bing Zhou, Yong-lin Kang, Guo-ming Zhu, Jun-zhen Gao, Ming-fan Qi, and Huan-huan Zhang, Forced convection rheoforming process for preparation of 7075 aluminum alloy semisolid slurry and its numerical simulation, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 24(2014) 1109−1116
37-14 A. Karwinski, W. Lesniewski, P. Wieliczko, and M. Malysza, Casting of Titanium Alloys in Centrifugal Induction Furnaces, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, Volume 59, Issue 1, DOI: 10.2478/amm-2014-0068, 2014.
26-14 Bing Zhou, Yonglin Kang, Mingfan Qi, Huanhuan Zhang and Guoming Zhu, R-HPDC Process with Forced Convection Mixing Device for Automotive Part of A380 Aluminum Alloy, Materials 2014, 7, 3084-3105; doi:10.3390/ma7043084
20-14 Johannes Hartmann, Tobias Fiegl, Carolin Körner, Aluminum integral foams with tailored density profile by adapted blowing agents, Applied Physics A, 10.1007/s00339-014-8377-4, March 2014.
19-14 A.Y. Korotchenko, N.A. Nikiforova, E.D. Demjanov, N.C. Larichev, The Influence of the Filling Conditions on the Service Properties of the Part Side Frame, Russian Foundryman, 1 (January), pp 40-43, 2014. In Russian.
11-14 B. Fuchs and C. Körner, Mesh resolution consideration for the viability prediction of lost salt cores in the high pressure die casting process, Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2014, Copyright © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
08-14 FY Hsu, SW Wang, and HJ Lin, The External and Internal Shrinkages in Aluminum Gravity Castings, Shape Casting: 5th International Symposium 2014. Available online at Google Books
103-13 B. Fuchs, H. Eibisch and C. Körner, Core Viability Simulation for Salt Core Technology in High-Pressure Die Casting, International Journal of Metalcasting, July 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3, pp 39–45
94-13 Randall S. Fielding, J. Crapps, C. Unal, and J.R.Kennedy, Metallic Fuel Casting Development and Parameter Optimization Simulations, International Conference on Fast reators and Related Fuel Cycles (FR13), 4-7 March 2013, Paris France
90-13 A. Karwińskia, M. Małyszaa, A. Tchórza, A. Gila, B. Lipowska, Integration of Computer Tomography and Simulation Analysis in Evaluation of Quality of Ceramic-Carbon Bonded Foam Filter, Archives of Foundry Engineering, DOI: 10.2478/afe-2013-0084, Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ISSN, (2299-2944), Volume 13, Issue 4/2013
88-13 Litie and Metallurgia (Casting and Metallurgy), 3 (72), 2013, N.V.Sletova, I.N.Volnov, S.P.Zadrutsky, V.A.Chaikin, Modeling of the Process of Removing Non-metallic Inclusions in Aluminum Alloys Using the FLOW-3D program, pp 138-140. In Russian.
85-13 Michał Szucki,Tomasz Goraj, Janusz Lelito, Józef S. Suchy, Numerical Analysis of Solid Particles Flow in Liquid Metal, XXXVII International Scientific Conference Foundryman’ Day 2013, Krakow, 28-29 November 2013
84-13 Körner, C., Schwankl, M., Himmler, D., Aluminum-Aluminum compound castings by electroless deposited zinc layers, Journal of Materials Processing Technology (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.12.01483-13.
77-13 Antonio Armillotta & Raffaello Baraggi & Simone Fasoli, SLM tooling for die casting with conformal cooling channels, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, DOI 10.1007/s00170-013-5523-7, December 2013.
64-13 Johannes Hartmann, Christina Blümel, Stefan Ernst, Tobias Fiegl, Karl-Ernst Wirth, Carolin Körner, Aluminum integral foam castings with microcellular cores by nano-functionalization, J Mater Sci, DOI: 10.1007/s10853-013-7668-z, September 2013.
46-13 Nicholas P. Orenstein, 3D Flow and Temperature Analysis of Filling a Plutonium Mold, LA-UR-13-25537, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Los Alamos Annual Student Symposium 2013, 2013-07-24 (Rev.1)
42-13 Yang Yue, William D. Griffiths, and Nick R. Green, Modelling of the Effects of Entrainment Defects on Mechanical Properties in a Cast Al-Si-Mg Alloy, Materials Science Forum, 765, 225, 2013.
39-13 J. Crapps, D.S. DeCroix, J.D Galloway, D.A. Korzekwa, R. Aikin, R. Fielding, R. Kennedy, C. Unal, Separate effects identification via casting process modeling for experimental measurement of U-Pu-Zr alloys, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 15 July 2013.
35-13 A. Pari, Real Life Problem Solving through Simulations in the Die Casting Industry – Case Studies, © Die Casting Engineer, July 2013.
34-13 Martin Lagler, Use of Simulation to Predict the Viability of Salt Cores in the HPDC Process – Shot Curve as a Decisive Criterion, © Die Casting Engineer, July 2013.
24-13 I.N.Volnov, Optimizatsia Liteynoi Tekhnologii, (Casting Technology Optimization), Liteyshik Rossii (Russian Foundryman), 3, 2013, 27-29. In Russian
23-13 M.R. Barkhudarov, I.N. Volnov, Minimizatsia Zakhvata Vozdukha v Kamere Pressovania pri Litie pod Davleniem, (Minimization of Air Entrainment in the Shot Sleeve During High Pressure Die Casting), Liteyshik Rossii (Russian Foundryman), 3, 2013, 30-34. In Russian
09-13 M.C. Carter and L. Xue, Simulating the Parameters that Affect Core Gas Defects in Metal Castings, Copyright 2012 American Foundry Society, Presented at the 2013 CastExpo, St. Louis, Missouri, April 2013
08-13 C. Reilly, N.R. Green, M.R. Jolly, J.-C. Gebelin, The Modelling Of Oxide Film Entrainment In Casting Systems Using Computational Modelling, Applied Mathematical Modelling, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2013.03.061, April 2013.
03-13 Alexandre Reikher and Krishna M. Pillai, A fast simulation of transient metal flow and solidification in a narrow channel. Part II. Model validation and parametric study, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.12.061.
02-13 Alexandre Reikher and Krishna M. Pillai, A fast simulation of transient metal flow and solidification in a narrow channel. Part I: Model development using lubrication approximation, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.12.060.
116-12 Jufu Jianga, Ying Wang, Gang Chena, Jun Liua, Yuanfa Li and Shoujing Luo, “Comparison of mechanical properties and microstructure of AZ91D alloy motorcycle wheels formed by die casting and double control forming, Materials & Design, Volume 40, September 2012, Pages 541-549.
107-12 F.K. Arslan, A.H. Hatman, S.Ö. Ertürk, E. Güner, B. Güner, An Evaluation for Fundamentals of Die Casting Materials Selection and Design, IMMC’16 International Metallurgy & Materials Congress, Istanbul, Turkey, 2012.
103-12 WU Shu-sen, ZHONG Gu, AN Ping, WAN Li, H. NAKAE, Microstructural characteristics of Al−20Si−2Cu−0.4Mg−1Ni alloy formed by rheo-squeeze casting after ultrasonic vibration treatment, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 22 (2012) 2863-2870, November 2012. Full paper available online.
109-12 Alexandre Reikher, Numerical Analysis of Die-Casting Process in Thin Cavities Using Lubrication Approximation, Ph.D. Thesis: The University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Engineering Department (2012) Theses and Dissertations. Paper 65.
97-12 Hong Zhou and Li Heng Luo, Filling Pattern of Step Gating System in Lost Foam Casting Process and its Application, Advanced Materials Research, Volumes 602-604, Progress in Materials and Processes, 1916-1921, December 2012.
93-12 Liangchi Zhang, Chunliang Zhang, Jeng-Haur Horng and Zichen Chen, Functions of Step Gating System in the Lost Foam Casting Process, Advanced Materials Research, 591-593, 940, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.591-593.940, November 2012.
91-12 Hong Yan, Jian Bin Zhu, Ping Shan, Numerical Simulation on Rheo-Diecasting of Magnesium Matrix Composites, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.192-193.287, Solid State Phenomena, 192-193, 287.
89-12 Alexandre Reikher and Krishna M. Pillai, A Fast Numerical Simulation for Modeling Simultaneous Metal Flow and Solidification in Thin Cavities Using the Lubrication Approximation, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications: An International Journal of Computation and Methodology, 63:2, 75-100, November 2012.
82-12 Jufu Jiang, Gang Chen, Ying Wang, Zhiming Du, Weiwei Shan, and Yuanfa Li, Microstructure and mechanical properties of thin-wall and high-rib parts of AM60B Mg alloy formed by double control forming and die casting under the optimal conditions, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.10.086, October 2012.
78-12 A. Pari, Real Life Problem Solving through Simulations in the Die Casting Industry – Case Studies, 2012 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, © NADCA, October 8-10, 2012, Indianapolis, IN.
77-12 Y. Wang, K. Kabiri-Bamoradian and R.A. Miller, Rheological behavior models of metal matrix alloys in semi-solid casting process, 2012 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, © NADCA, October 8-10, 2012, Indianapolis, IN.
76-12 A. Reikher and H. Gerber, Analysis of Solidification Parameters During the Die Cast Process, 2012 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, © NADCA, October 8-10, 2012, Indianapolis, IN.
75-12 R.A. Miller, Y. Wang and K. Kabiri-Bamoradian, Estimating Cavity Fill Time, 2012 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, © NADCA, October 8-10, 2012, Indianapolis, IN.
65-12 X.H. Yang, T.J. Lu, T. Kim, Influence of non-conducting pore inclusions on phase change behavior of porous media with constant heat flux boundary, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Available online 10 October 2012. Available online at SciVerse.
55-12 Hejun Li, Pengyun Wang, Lehua Qi, Hansong Zuo, Songyi Zhong, Xianghui Hou, 3D numerical simulation of successive deposition of uniform molten Al droplets on a moving substrate and experimental validation, Computational Materials Science, Volume 65, December 2012, Pages 291–301.
52-12 Hongbing Ji, Yixin Chen and Shengzhou Chen, Numerical Simulation of Inner-Outer Couple Cooling Slab Continuous Casting in the Filling Process, Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 557-559), Advanced Materials and Processes II, pp. 2257-2260, July 2012.
47-12 Petri Väyrynen, Lauri Holappa, and Seppo Louhenkilpi, Simulation of Melting of Alloying Materials in Steel Ladle, SCANMET IV – 4th International Conference on Process Development in Iron and Steelmaking, Lulea, Sweden, June 10-13, 2012.
46-12 Bin Zhang and Dave Salee, Metal Flow and Heat Transfer in Billet DC Casting Using Wagstaff® Optifill™ Metal Distribution Systems, 5th International Metal Quality Workshop, United Arab Emirates Dubai, March 18-22, 2012.
45-12 D.R. Gunasegaram, M. Givord, R.G. O’Donnell and B.R. Finnin, Improvements engineered in UTS and elongation of aluminum alloy high pressure die castings through the alteration of runner geometry and plunger velocity, Materials Science & Engineering.
44-12 Antoni Drys and Stefano Mascetti, Aluminum Casting Simulations, Desktop Engineering, September 2012
42-12 Huizhen Duan, Jiangnan Shen and Yanping Li, Comparative analysis of HPDC process of an auto part with ProCAST and FLOW-3D, Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 184-185 (2012) pp 90-94, Online available since 2012/Jun/14 at www.scientific.net, © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland, doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.184-185.90.
41-12 Deniece R. Korzekwa, Cameron M. Knapp, David A. Korzekwa, and John W. Gibbs, Co-Design – Fabrication of Unalloyed Plutonium, LA-UR-12-23441, MDI Summer Research Group Workshop Advanced Manufacturing, 2012-07-25/2012-07-26 (Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States)
29-12 Dario Tiberto and Ulrich E. Klotz, Computer simulation applied to jewellery casting: challenges, results and future possibilities, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.33 012008. Full paper available at IOP.
28-12 Y Yue and N R Green, Modelling of different entrainment mechanisms and their influences on the mechanical reliability of Al-Si castings, 2012 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 33,012072.Full paper available at IOP.
27-12 E Kaschnitz, Numerical simulation of centrifugal casting of pipes, 2012 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 33 012031, Issue 1. Full paper available at IOP.
15-12 C. Reilly, N.R Green, M.R. Jolly, The Present State Of Modeling Entrainment Defects In The Shape Casting Process, Applied Mathematical Modelling, Available online 27 April 2012, ISSN 0307-904X, 10.1016/j.apm.2012.04.032.
12-12 Andrei Starobin, Tony Hirt, Hubert Lang, and Matthias Todte, Core drying simulation and validation, International Foundry Research, GIESSEREIFORSCHUNG 64 (2012) No. 1, ISSN 0046-5933, pp 2-5
10-12 H. Vladimir Martínez and Marco F. Valencia (2012). Semisolid Processing of Al/β-SiC Composites by Mechanical Stirring Casting and High Pressure Die Casting, Recent Researches in Metallurgical Engineering – From Extraction to Forming, Dr Mohammad Nusheh (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0356-1, InTech
07-12 Amir H. G. Isfahani and James M. Brethour, Simulating Thermal Stresses and Cooling Deformations, Die Casting Engineer, March 2012
06-12 Shuisheng Xie, Youfeng He and Xujun Mi, Study on Semi-solid Magnesium Alloys Slurry Preparation and Continuous Roll-casting Process, Magnesium Alloys – Design, Processing and Properties, ISBN: 978-953-307-520-4, InTech.
04-12 J. Spangenberg, N. Roussel, J.H. Hattel, H. Stang, J. Skocek, M.R. Geiker, Flow induced particle migration in fresh concrete: Theoretical frame, numerical simulations and experimental results on model fluids, Cement and Concrete Research, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.01.007, February 2012.
01-12 Lee, B., Baek, U., and Han, J., Optimization of Gating System Design for Die Casting of Thin Magnesium Alloy-Based Multi-Cavity LCD Housings, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Springer New York, Issn: 1059-9495, 10.1007/s11665-011-0111-1, Volume 1 / 1992 – Volume 21 / 2012. Available online at Springer Link.
104-11 Fu-Yuan Hsu and Huey Jiuan Lin, Foam Filters Used in Gravity Casting, Metall and Materi Trans B (2011) 42: 1110. doi:10.1007/s11663-011-9548-8.
99-11 Eduardo Trejo, Centrifugal Casting of an Aluminium Alloy, thesis: Doctor of Philosophy, Metallurgy and Materials School of Engineering University of Birmingham, October 2011. Full paper available upon request.
93-11 Olga Kononova, Andrejs Krasnikovs ,Videvuds Lapsa,Jurijs Kalinka and Angelina Galushchak, Internal Structure Formation in High Strength Fiber Concrete during Casting, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 59 2011
76-11 J. Hartmann, A. Trepper, and C. Körner, Aluminum Integral Foams with Near-Microcellular Structure, Advanced Engineering Materials 2011, Volume 13 (2011) No. 11, © Wiley-VCH
71-11 Fu-Yuan Hsu and Yao-Ming Yang Confluence Weld in an Aluminum Gravity Casting, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Available online 23 November 2011, ISSN 0924-0136, 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.11.006.
65-11 V.A. Chaikin, A.V. Chaikin, I.N.Volnov, A Study of the Process of Late Modification Using Simulation, in Zagotovitelnye Proizvodstva v Mashinostroenii, 10, 2011, 8-12. In Russian.
54-11 Ngadia Taha Niane and Jean-Pierre Michalet, Validation of Foundry Process for Aluminum Parts with FLOW-3D Software, Proceedings of the 2011 International Symposium on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting, 2011.
51-11 A. Reikher and H. Gerber, Calculation of the Die Cast parameters of the Thin Wall Aluminum Cast Part, 2011 Die Casting Congress & Tabletop, Columbus, OH, September 19-21, 2011
50-11 Y. Wang, K. Kabiri-Bamoradian, and R.A. Miller, Runner design optimization based on CFD simulation for a die with multiple cavities, 2011 Die Casting Congress & Tabletop, Columbus, OH, September 19-21, 2011
48-11 A. Karwiński, W. Leśniewski, S. Pysz, P. Wieliczko, The technology of precision casting of titanium alloys by centrifugal process, Archives of Foundry Engineering, ISSN: 1897-3310), Volume 11, Issue 3/2011, 73-80, 2011.
46-11 Daniel Einsiedler, Entwicklung einer Simulationsmethodik zur Simulation von Strömungs- und Trocknungsvorgängen bei Kernfertigungsprozessen mittels CFD (Development of a simulation methodology for simulating flow and drying operations in core production processes using CFD), MSc thesis at Technical University of Aalen in Germany (Hochschule Aalen), 2011.
44-11 Bin Zhang and Craig Shaber, Aluminum Ingot Thermal Stress Development Modeling of the Wagstaff® EpsilonTM Rolling Ingot DC Casting System during the Start-up Phase, Materials Science Forum Vol. 693 (2011) pp 196-207, © 2011 Trans Tech Publications, July, 2011.
43-11 Vu Nguyen, Patrick Rohan, John Grandfield, Alex Levin, Kevin Naidoo, Kurt Oswald, Guillaume Girard, Ben Harker, and Joe Rea, Implementation of CASTfill low-dross pouring system for ingot casting, Materials Science Forum Vol. 693 (2011) pp 227-234, © 2011 Trans Tech Publications, July, 2011.
40-11 A. Starobin, D. Goettsch, M. Walker, D. Burch, Gas Pressure in Aluminum Block Water Jacket Cores, © 2011 American Foundry Society, International Journal of Metalcasting/Summer 2011
37-11 Ferencz Peti, Lucian Grama, Analyze of the Possible Causes of Porosity Type Defects in Aluminum High Pressure Diecast Parts, Scientific Bulletin of the Petru Maior University of Targu Mures, Vol. 8 (XXV) no. 1, 2011, ISSN 1841-9267
31-11 Johannes Hartmann, André Trepper, Carolin Körner, Aluminum Integral Foams with Near-Microcellular Structure, Advanced Engineering Materials, 13: n/a. doi: 10.1002/adem.201100035, June 2011.
27-11 A. Pari, Optimization of HPDC Process using Flow Simulation Case Studies, Die Casting Engineer, July 2011
26-11 A. Reikher, H. Gerber, Calculation of the Die Cast Parameters of the Thin Wall Aluminum Die Casting Part, Die Casting Engineer, July 2011
21-11 Thang Nguyen, Vu Nguyen, Morris Murray, Gary Savage, John Carrig, Modelling Die Filling in Ultra-Thin Aluminium Castings, Materials Science Forum (Volume 690), Light Metals Technology V, pp 107-111, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.690.107, June 2011.
19-11 Jon Spangenberg, Cem Celal Tutum, Jesper Henri Hattel, Nicolas Roussel, Metter Rica Geiker, Optimization of Casting Process Parameters for Homogeneous Aggregate Distribution in Self-Compacting Concrete: A Feasibility Study, © IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2011, New Orleans, USA
16-11 A. Starobin, C.W. Hirt, H. Lang, and M. Todte, Core Drying Simulation and Validations, AFS Proceedings 2011, © American Foundry Society, Presented at the 115th Metalcasting Congress, Schaumburg, Illinois, April 2011.
15-11 J. J. Hernández-Ortega, R. Zamora, J. López, and F. Faura, Numerical Analysis of Air Pressure Effects on the Flow Pattern during the Filling of a Vertical Die Cavity, AIP Conf. Proc., Volume 1353, pp. 1238-1243, The 14th International Esaform Conference on Material Forming: Esaform 2011; doi:10.1063/1.3589686, May 2011. Available online.
10-11 Abbas A. Khalaf and Sumanth Shankar, Favorable Environment for Nondentric Morphology in Controlled Diffusion Solidification, DOI: 10.1007/s11661-011-0641-z, © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2011, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, March 11, 2011.
08-11 Hai Peng Li, Chun Yong Liang, Li Hui Wang, Hong Shui Wang, Numerical Simulation of Casting Process for Gray Iron Butterfly Valve, Advanced Materials Research, 189-193, 260, February 2011.
04-11 C.W. Hirt, Predicting Core Shooting, Drying and Defect Development, Foundry Management & Technology, January 2011.
76-10 Zhizhong Sun, Henry Hu, Alfred Yu, Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Squeeze Casting Magnesium Alloy AM50, Magnesium Technology 2010, 2010 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition, February 14-18, 2010, Seattle, WA.
68-10 A. Reikher, H. Gerber, K.M. Pillai, T.-C. Jen, Natural Convection—An Overlooked Phenomenon of the Solidification Process, Die Casting Engineer, January 2010
54-10 Andrea Bernardoni, Andrea Borsi, Stefano Mascetti, Alessandro Incognito and Matteo Corrado, Fonderia Leonardo aveva ragione! L’enorme cavallo dedicato a Francesco Sforza era materialmente realizzabile, A&C – Analisis e Calcolo, Giugno 2010. In Italian.
48-10 J. J. Hernández-Ortega, R. Zamora, J. Palacios, J. López and F. Faura, An Experimental and Numerical Study of Flow Patterns and Air Entrapment Phenomena During the Filling of a Vertical Die Cavity, J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., October 2010, Volume 132, Issue 5, 05101, doi:10.1115/1.4002535.
47-10 A.V. Chaikin, I.N. Volnov, and V.A. Chaikin, Development of Dispersible Mixed Inoculant Compositions Using the FLOW-3D Program, Liteinoe Proizvodstvo, October, 2010, in Russian.
42-10 H. Lakshmi, M.C. Vinay Kumar, Raghunath, P. Kumar, V. Ramanarayanan, K.S.S. Murthy, P. Dutta, Induction reheating of A356.2 aluminum alloy and thixocasting as automobile component, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 20(20101) s961-s967.
41-10 Pamela J. Waterman, Understanding Core-Gas Defects, Desktop Engineering, October 2010. Available online at Desktop Engineering. Also published in the Foundry Trade Journal, November 2010.
39-10 Liu Zheng, Jia Yingying, Mao Pingli, Li Yang, Wang Feng, Wang Hong, Zhou Le, Visualization of Die Casting Magnesium Alloy Steering Bracket, Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys, ISSN: 1001-2249, CN: 42-1148/TG, 2010-04. In Chinese.
37-10 Morris Murray, Lars Feldager Hansen, and Carl Reinhardt, I Have Defects – Now What, Die Casting Engineer, September 2010
36-10 Stefano Mascetti, Using Flow Analysis Software to Optimize Piston Velocity for an HPDC Process, Die Casting Engineer, September 2010. Also available in Italian: Ottimizzare la velocita del pistone in pressofusione. A & C, Analisi e Calcolo, Anno XII, n. 42, Gennaio 2011, ISSN 1128-3874.
32-10 Guan Hai Yan, Sheng Dun Zhao, Zheng Hui Sha, Parameters Optimization of Semisolid Diecasting Process for Air-Conditioner’s Triple Valve in HPb59-1 Alloy, Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 129 – 131), Vol. Material and Manufacturing Technology, pp. 936-941, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.129-131.936, August 2010.
29-10 Zheng Peng, Xu Jun, Zhang Zhifeng, Bai Yuelong, and Shi Likai, Numerical Simulation of Filling of Rheo-diecasting A357 Aluminum Alloy, Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys, DOI: CNKI:SUN:TZZZ.0.2010-01-024, 2010.
27-10 For an Aerospace Diecasting, Littler Uses Simulation to Reveal Defects, and Win a New Order, Foundry Management & Technology, July 2010
23-10 Michael R. Barkhudarov, Minimizing Air Entrainment, The Canadian Die Caster, June 2010
15-10 David H. Kirkwood, Michel Suery, Plato Kapranos, Helen V. Atkinson, and Kenneth P. Young, Semi-solid Processing of Alloys, 2010, XII, 172 p. 103 illus., 19 in color., Hardcover ISBN: 978-3-642-00705-7.
09-10 Shannon Wetzel, Fullfilling Da Vinci’s Dream, Modern Casting, April 2010.
08-10 B.I. Semenov, K.M. Kushtarov, Semi-solid Manufacturing of Castings, New Industrial Technologies, Publication of Moscow State Technical University n.a. N.E. Bauman, 2009 (in Russian)
07-10 Carl Reilly, Development Of Quantitative Casting Quality Assessment Criteria Using Process Modelling, thesis: The University of Birmingham, March 2010 (Available upon request)
06-10 A. Pari, Optimization of HPDC Process using Flow Simulation – Case Studies, CastExpo ’10, NADCA, Orlando, Florida, March 2010
05-10 M.C. Carter, S. Palit, and M. Littler, Characterizing Flow Losses Occurring in Air Vents and Ejector Pins in High Pressure Die Castings, CastExpo ’10, NADCA, Orlando, Florida, March 2010
04-10 Pamela Waterman, Simulating Porosity Factors, Foundry Management Technology, March 2010, Article available at Foundry Management Technology
03-10 C. Reilly, M.R. Jolly, N.R. Green, JC Gebelin, Assessment of Casting Filling by Modeling Surface Entrainment Events Using CFD, 2010 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition (Jim Evans Honorary Symposium), Seattle, Washington, USA, February 14-18, 2010
02-10 P. Väyrynen, S. Wang, J. Laine and S.Louhenkilpi, Control of Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer and Inclusions in Continuous Casting – CFD and Neural Network Studies, 2010 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition (Jim Evans Honorary Symposium), Seattle, Washington, USA, February 14-18, 2010
60-09 Somlak Wannarumon, and Marco Actis Grande, Comparisons of Computer Fluid Dynamic Software Programs applied to Jewelry Investment Casting Process, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 55 2009.
59-09 Marco Actis Grande and Somlak Wannarumon, Numerical Simulation of Investment Casting of Gold Jewelry: Experiments and Validations, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol:3 2009-07-24
56-09 Jozef Kasala, Ondrej Híreš, Rudolf Pernis, Start-up Phase Modeling of Semi Continuous Casting Process of Brass Billets, Metal 2009, 19.-21.5.2009
51-09 In-Ting Hong, Huan-Chien Tung, Chun-Hao Chiu and Hung-Shang Huang, Effect of Casting Parameters on Microstructure and Casting Quality of Si-Al Alloy for Vacuum Sputtering, China Steel Technical Report, No. 22, pp. 33-40, 2009.
42-09 P. Väyrynen, S. Wang, S. Louhenkilpi and L. Holappa, Modeling and Removal of Inclusions in Continuous Casting, Materials Science & Technology 2009 Conference & Exhibition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, October 25-29, 2009
41-09 O.Smirnov, P.Väyrynen, A.Kravchenko and S.Louhenkilpi, Modern Methods of Modeling Fluid Flow and Inclusions Motion in Tundish Bath – General View, Proceedings of Steelsim 2009 – 3rd International Conference on Simulation and Modelling of Metallurgical Processes in Steelmaking, Leoben, Austria, September 8-10, 2009
21-09 A. Pari, Case Studies – Optimization of HPDC Process Using Flow Simulation, Die Casting Engineer, July 2009
20-09 M. Sirvio, M. Wos, Casting directly from a computer model by using advanced simulation software, FLOW-3D Cast, Archives of Foundry Engineering Volume 9, Issue 1/2009, 79-82
19-09 Andrei Starobin, C.W. Hirt, D. Goettsch, A Model for Binder Gas Generation and Transport in Sand Cores and Molds, Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Solidification Processes XII, TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Minerals Society), June 2009
11-09 Michael Barkhudarov, Minimizing Air Entrainment in a Shot Sleeve during Slow-Shot Stage, Die Casting Engineer (The North American Die Casting Association ISSN 0012-253X), May 2009
10-09 A. Reikher, H. Gerber, Application of One-Dimensional Numerical Simulation to Optimize Process Parameters of a Thin-Wall Casting in High Pressure Die Casting, Die Casting Engineer (The North American Die Casting Association ISSN 0012-253X), May 2009
7-09 Andrei Starobin, Simulation of Core Gas Evolution and Flow, presented at the North American Die Casting Association – 113th Metalcasting Congress, April 7-10, 2009, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
6-09 A.Pari, Optimization of HPDC PROCESS: Case Studies, North American Die Casting Association – 113th Metalcasting Congress, April 7-10, 2009, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
2-09 C. Reilly, N.R. Green and M.R. Jolly, Oxide Entrainment Structures in Horizontal Running Systems, TMS 2009, San Francisco, California, February 2009
30-08 I.N.Volnov, Computer Modeling of Casting of Pipe Fittings, © 2008, Pipe Fittings, 5 (38), 2008. Russian version
28-08 A.V.Chaikin, I.N.Volnov, V.A.Chaikin, Y.A.Ukhanov, N.R.Petrov, Analysis of the Efficiency of Alloy Modifiers Using Statistics and Modeling, © 2008, Liteyshik Rossii (Russian Foundryman), October, 2008
27-08 P. Scarber, Jr., H. Littleton, Simulating Macro-Porosity in Aluminum Lost Foam Castings, American Foundry Society, © 2008, AFS Lost Foam Conference, Asheville, North Carolina, October, 2008
25-08 FMT Staff, Forecasting Core Gas Pressures with Computer Simulation, Foundry Management and Technology, October 28, 2008 © 2008 Penton Media, Inc. Online article
24-08 Core and Mold Gas Evolution, Foundry Management and Technology, January 24, 2008 (excerpted from the FM&T May 2007 issue) © 2008 Penton Media, Inc.
22-08 Mark Littler, Simulation Eliminates Die Casting Scrap, Modern Casting/September 2008
21-08 X. Chen, D. Penumadu, Permeability Measurement and Numerical Modeling for Refractory Porous Materials, AFS Transactions © 2008 American Foundry Society, CastExpo ’08, Atlanta, Georgia, May 2008
20-08 Rolf Krack, Using Solidification Simulations for Optimising Die Cooling Systems, FTJ July/August 2008
19-08 Mark Littler, Simulation Software Eliminates Die Casting Scrap, ECS Casting Innovations, July/August 2008
13-08 T. Yoshimura, K. Yano, T. Fukui, S. Yamamoto, S. Nishido, M. Watanabe and Y. Nemoto, Optimum Design of Die Casting Plunger Tip Considering Air Entrainment, Proceedings of 10th Asian Foundry Congress (AFC10), Nagoya, Japan, May 2008
08-08 Stephen Instone, Andreas Buchholz and Gerd-Ulrich Gruen, Inclusion Transport Phenomena in Casting Furnaces, Light Metals 2008, TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), 2008
07-08 P. Scarber, Jr., H. Littleton, Simulating Macro-Porosity in Aluminum Lost Foam Casting, AFS Transactions 2008 © American Foundry Society, CastExpo ’08, Atlanta, Georgia, May 2008
06-08 A. Reikher, H. Gerber and A. Starobin, Multi-Stage Plunger Deceleration System, CastExpo ’08, NADCA, Atlanta, Georgia, May 2008
05-08 Amol Palekar, Andrei Starobin, Alexander Reikher, Die-casting end-of-fill and drop forge viscometer flow transients examined with a coupled-motion numerical model, 68th World Foundry Congress, Chennai, India, February 2008
03-08 Petri J. Väyrynen, Sami K. Vapalahti and Seppo J. Louhenkilpi, On Validation of Mathematical Fluid Flow Models for Simulation of Tundish Water Models and Industrial Examples, AISTech 2008, May 2008
53-07 A. Kermanpur, Sh. Mahmoudi and A. Hajipour, Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Metal Flow and Solidification in the Multi-cavity Casting Moulds of Automotive Components, International Journal of Iron & Steel Society of Iran, Article 2, Volume 4, Issue 1, Summer and Autumn 2007, pages 8-15.
36-07 Duque Mesa A. F., Herrera J., Cruz L.J., Fernández G.P. y Martínez H.V., Caracterización Defectológica de Piezas Fundida por Lost Foam Casting Mediante Simulación Numérica, 8° Congreso Iberoamericano de Ingenieria Mecanica, Cusco, Peru, 23 al 25 de Octubre de 2007 (in Spanish)
27-07 A.Y. Korotchenko, A.M. Zarubin, I.A.Korotchenko, Modeling of High Pressure Die Casting Filling, Russian Foundryman, December 2007, pp 15-19. (in Russian)
26-07 I.N. Volnov, Modeling of Casting Processes with Variable Geometry, Russian Foundryman, November 2007, pp 27-30. (in Russian)
16-07 P. Väyrynen, S. Vapalahti, S. Louhenkilpi, L. Chatburn, M. Clark, T. Wagner, Tundish Flow Model Tuning and Validation – Steady State and Transient Casting Situations, STEELSIM 2007, Graz/Seggau, Austria, September 12-14 2007
11-07 Marco Actis Grande, Computer Simulation of the Investment Casting Process – Widening of the Filling Step, Santa Fe Symposium on Jewelry Manufacturing Technology, May 2007
09-07 Alexandre Reikher and Michael Barkhudarov, Casting: An Analytical Approach, Springer, 1st edition, August 2007, Hardcover ISBN: 978-1-84628-849-4. U.S. Order Form; Europe Order Form.
07-07 I.N. Volnov, Casting Modeling Systems – Current State, Problems and Perspectives, (in Russian), Liteyshik Rossii (Russian Foundryman), June 2007
05-07 A.N. Turchin, D.G. Eskin, and L. Katgerman, Solidification under Forced-Flow Conditions in a Shallow Cavity, DOI: 10.1007/s1161-007-9183-9, © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2007
04-07 A.N. Turchin, M. Zuijderwijk, J. Pool, D.G. Eskin, and L. Katgerman, Feathery grain growth during solidification under forced flow conditions, © Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.02.030, April 2007
03-07 S. Kuyucak, Sponsored Research – Clean Steel Casting Production—Evaluation of Laboratory Castings, Transactions of the American Foundry Society, Volume 115, 111th Metalcasting Congress, May 2007
02-07 Fu-Yuan Hsu, Mark R. Jolly and John Campbell, The Design of L-Shaped Runners for Gravity Casting, Shape Casting: 2nd International Symposium, Edited by Paul N. Crepeau, Murat Tiryakioðlu and John Campbell, TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), Orlando, FL, Feb 2007
30-06 X.J. Liu, S.H. Bhavnani, R.A. Overfelt, Simulation of EPS foam decomposition in the lost foam casting process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 182 (2007) 333–342, © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
25-06 Michael Barkhudarov and Gengsheng Wei, Modeling Casting on the Move, Modern Casting, August 2006; Modeling of Casting Processes with Variable Geometry, Russian Foundryman, December 2007, pp 10-15. (in Russian)
24-06 P. Scarber, Jr. and C.E. Bates, Simulation of Core Gas Production During Mold Fill, © 2006 American Foundry Society
7-06 M.Y.Smirnov, Y.V.Golenkov, Manufacturing of Cast Iron Bath Tubs Castings using Vacuum-Process in Russia, Russia’s Foundryman, July 2006. In Russian.
6-06 M. Barkhudarov, and G. Wei, Modeling of the Coupled Motion of Rigid Bodies in Liquid Metal, Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes – XI, May 28 – June 2, 2006, Opio, France, eds. Ch.-A. Gandin and M. Bellet, pp 71-78, 2006.
2-06 J.-C. Gebelin, M.R. Jolly and F.-Y. Hsu, ‘Designing-in’ Controlled Filling Using Numerical Simulation for Gravity Sand Casting of Aluminium Alloys, Int. J. Cast Met. Res., 2006, Vol.19 No.1
1-06 Michael Barkhudarov, Using Simulation to Control Microporosity Reduces Die Iterations, Die Casting Engineer, January 2006, pp. 52-54
30-05 H. Xue, K. Kabiri-Bamoradian, R.A. Miller, Modeling Dynamic Cavity Pressure and Impact Spike in Die Casting, Cast Expo ’05, April 16-19, 2005
22-05 Blas Melissari & Stavros A. Argyropoulous, Measurement of Magnitude and Direction of Velocity in High-Temperature Liquid Metals; Part I, Mathematical Modeling, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Volume 36B, October 2005, pp. 691-700
21-05 M.R. Jolly, State of the Art Review of Use of Modeling Software for Casting, TMS Annual Meeting, Shape Casting: The John Campbell Symposium, Eds, M. Tiryakioglu & P.N Crepeau, TMS, Warrendale, PA, ISBN 0-87339-583-2, Feb 2005, pp 337-346
20-05 J-C Gebelin, M.R. Jolly & F-Y Hsu, ‘Designing-in’ Controlled Filling Using Numerical Simulation for Gravity Sand Casting of Aluminium Alloys, TMS Annual Meeting, Shape Casting: The John Campbell Symposium, Eds, M. Tiryakioglu & P.N Crepeau, TMS, Warrendale, PA, ISBN 0-87339-583-2, Feb 2005, pp 355-364
19-05 F-Y Hsu, M.R. Jolly & J Campbell, Vortex Gate Design for Gravity Castings, TMS Annual Meeting, Shape Casting: The John Campbell Symposium, Eds, M. Tiryakioglu & P.N Crepeau, TMS, Warrendale, PA, ISBN 0-87339-583-2, Feb 2005, pp 73-82
18-05 M.R. Jolly, Modelling the Investment Casting Process: Problems and Successes, Japanese Foundry Society, JFS, Tokyo, Sept. 2005
13-05 Xiaogang Yang, Xiaobing Huang, Xiaojun Dai, John Campbell and Joe Tatler, Numerical Modelling of the Entrainment of Oxide Film Defects in Filling of Aluminium Alloy Castings, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 17 (6), 2004, 321-331
10-05 Carlos Evaristo Esparza, Martha P. Guerro-Mata, Roger Z. Ríos-Mercado, Optimal Design of Gating Systems by Gradient Search Methods, Computational Materials Science, October 2005
6-05 Birgit Hummler-Schaufler, Fritz Hirning, Jurgen Schaufler, A World First for Hatz Diesel and Schaufler Tooling, Die Casting Engineer, May 2005, pp. 18-21
4-05 Rolf Krack, The W35 Topic—A World First, Die Casting World, March 2005, pp. 16-17
3-05 Joerg Frei, Casting Simulations Speed Up Development, Die Casting World, March 2005, p. 14
2-05 David Goettsch and Michael Barkhudarov, Analysis and Optimization of the Transient Stage of Stopper-Rod Pour, Shape Casting: The John Campbell Symposium, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 2005
36-04 Ik Min Park, Il Dong Choi, Yong Ho Park, Development of Light-Weight Al Scroll Compressor for Car Air Conditioner, Materials Science Forum, Designing, Processing and Properties of Advanced Engineering Materials, 449-452, 149, March 2004.
32-04 D.H. Kirkwood and P.J Ward, Numerical Modelling of Semi-Solid Flow under Processing Conditions, steel research int. 75 (2004), No. 8/9
30-04 Haijing Mao, A Numerical Study of Externally Solidified Products in the Cold Chamber Die Casting Process, thesis: The Ohio State University, 2004 (Available upon request)
28-04 Z. Cao, Z. Yang, and X.L. Chen, Three-Dimensional Simulation of Transient GMA Weld Pool with Free Surface, Supplement to the Welding Journal, June 2004.
23-04 State of the Art Use of Computational Modelling in the Foundry Industry, 3rd International Conference Computational Modelling of Materials III, Sicily, Italy, June 2004, Advances in Science and Technology, Eds P. Vincenzini & A Lami, Techna Group Srl, Italy, ISBN: 88-86538-46-4, Part B, pp 479-490
22-04 Jerry Fireman, Computer Simulation Helps Reduce Scrap, Die Casting Engineer, May 2004, pp. 46-49
21-04 Joerg Frei, Simulation—A Safe and Quick Way to Good Components, Aluminium World, Volume 3, Issue 2, pp. 42-43
20-04 J.-C. Gebelin, M.R. Jolly, A. M. Cendrowicz, J. Cirre and S. Blackburn, Simulation of Die Filling for the Wax Injection Process – Part II Numerical Simulation, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, Volume 35B, August 2004
14-04 Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov, Charles H. Sherwin, and Ruel A. Overfelt, Hot Distortion Studies In Phenolic Urethane Cold Box System, American Foundry Society, 108th Casting Congress, June 12-15, 2004, Rosemont, IL, USA
13-04 Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov and Ruel A. Overfelt, First V-Process Casting of Magnesium, American Foundry Society, 108th Casting Congress, June 12-15, 2004, Rosemont, IL, USA
5-04 C. Schlumpberger & B. Hummler-Schaufler, Produktentwicklung auf hohem Niveau (Product Development on a High Level), Druckguss Praxis, January 2004, pp 39-42 (in German).
3-04 Charles Bates, Dealing with Defects, Foundry Management and Technology, February 2004, pp 23-25
1-04 Laihua Wang, Thang Nguyen, Gary Savage and Cameron Davidson, Thermal and Flow Modeling of Ladling and Injection in High Pressure Die Casting Process, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, vol. 16 No 4 2003, pp 409-417
2-03 J-C Gebelin, AM Cendrowicz, MR Jolly, Modeling of the Wax Injection Process for the Investment Casting Process – Prediction of Defects, presented at the Third International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Minerals and Process Industries, December 10-12, 2003, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 415-420
29-03 C. W. Hirt, Modeling Shrinkage Induced Micro-porosity, Flow Science Technical Note (FSI-03-TN66)
28-03 Thixoforming at the University of Sheffield, Diecasting World, September 2003, pp 11-12
26-03 William Walkington, Gas Porosity-A Guide to Correcting the Problems, NADCA Publication: 516
22-03 G F Yao, C W Hirt, and M Barkhudarov, Development of a Numerical Approach for Simulation of Sand Blowing and Core Formation, in Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Process-X”, Ed. By Stefanescu et al pp. 633-639, 2003
21-03 E F Brush Jr, S P Midson, W G Walkington, D T Peters, J G Cowie, Porosity Control in Copper Rotor Die Castings, NADCA Indianapolis Convention Center, Indianapolis, IN September 15-18, 2003, T03-046
12-03 J-C Gebelin & M.R. Jolly, Modeling Filters in Light Alloy Casting Processes, Trans AFS, 2002, 110, pp. 109-120
11-03 M.R. Jolly, Casting Simulation – How Well Do Reality and Virtual Casting Match – A State of the Art Review, Intl. J. Cast Metals Research, 2002, 14, pp. 303-313
10-03 Gebelin., J-C and Jolly, M.R., Modeling of the Investment Casting Process, Journal of Materials Processing Tech., Vol. 135/2-3, pp. 291 – 300
9-03 Cox, M, Harding, R.A. and Campbell, J., Optimised Running System Design for Bottom Filled Aluminium Alloy 2L99 Investment Castings, J. Mat. Sci. Tech., May 2003, Vol. 19, pp. 613-625
8-03 Von Alexander Schrey and Regina Reek, Numerische Simulation der Kernherstellung, (Numerical Simulation of Core Blowing), Giesserei, June 2003, pp. 64-68 (in German)
7-03 J. Zuidema Jr., L Katgerman, Cyclone separation of particles in aluminum DC Casting, Proceedings from the Tenth International Conference on Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes, Destin, FL, May 2003, pp. 607-614
6-03 Jean-Christophe Gebelin and Mark Jolly, Numerical Modeling of Metal Flow Through Filters, Proceedings from the Tenth International Conference on Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes, Destin, FL, May 2003, pp. 431-438
5-03 N.W. Lai, W.D. Griffiths and J. Campbell, Modelling of the Potential for Oxide Film Entrainment in Light Metal Alloy Castings, Proceedings from the Tenth International Conference on Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes, Destin, FL, May 2003, pp. 415-422
21-02 Boris Lukezic, Case History: Process Modeling Solves Die Design Problems, Modern Casting, February 2003, P 59
20-02 C.W. Hirt and M.R. Barkhudarov, Predicting Defects in Lost Foam Castings, Modern Casting, December 2002, pp 31-33
19-02 Mark Jolly, Mike Cox, Ric Harding, Bill Griffiths and John Campbell, Quiescent Filling Applied to Investment Castings, Modern Casting, December 2002 pp. 36-38
18-02 Simulation Helps Overcome Challenges of Thin Wall Magnesium Diecasting, Foundry Management and Technology, October 2002, pp 13-15
17-02 G Messmer, Simulation of a Thixoforging Process of Aluminum Alloys with FLOW-3D, Institute for Metal Forming Technology, University of Stuttgart
16-02 Barkhudarov, Michael, Computer Simulation of Lost Foam Process, Casting Simulation Background and Examples from Europe and the USA, World Foundrymen Organization, 2002, pp 319-324
15-02 Barkhudarov, Michael, Computer Simulation of Inclusion Tracking, Casting Simulation Background and Examples from Europe and the USA, World Foundrymen Organization, 2002, pp 341-346
14-02 Barkhudarov, Michael, Advanced Simulation of the Flow and Heat Transfer of an Alternator Housing, Casting Simulation Background and Examples from Europe and the USA, World Foundrymen Organization, 2002, pp 219-228
8-02 Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov, and Ruel A. Overfelt, Experimental and Numerical Study of Bonded Sand-Air Two-Phase Flow in PUA Process, Auburn University, 2002 American Foundry Society, AFS Transactions 02-091, Kansas City, MO
7-02 A Habibollah Zadeh, and J Campbell, Metal Flow Through a Filter System, University of Birmingham, 2002 American Foundry Society, AFS Transactions 02-020, Kansas City, MO
6-02 Phil Ward, and Helen Atkinson, Final Report for EPSRC Project: Modeling of Thixotropic Flow of Metal Alloys into a Die, GR/M17334/01, March 2002, University of Sheffield
5-02 S. I. Bakhtiyarov and R. A. Overfelt, Numerical and Experimental Study of Aluminum Casting in Vacuum-sealed Step Molding, Auburn University, 2002 American Foundry Society, AFS Transactions 02-050, Kansas City, MO
4-02 J. C. Gebelin and M. R. Jolly, Modelling Filters in Light Alloy Casting Processes, University of Birmingham, 2002 American Foundry Society AFS Transactions 02-079, Kansas City, MO
3-02 Mark Jolly, Mike Cox, Jean-Christophe Gebelin, Sam Jones, and Alex Cendrowicz, Fundamentals of Investment Casting (FOCAST), Modelling the Investment Casting Process, Some preliminary results from the UK Research Programme, IRC in Materials, University of Birmingham, UK, AFS2001
49-01 Hua Bai and Brian G. Thomas, Bubble formation during horizontal gas injection into downward-flowing liquid, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 1143-1159, 2001. doi.org/10.1007/s11663-001-0102-y
45-01 Jan Zuidema; Laurens Katgerman; Ivo J. Opstelten;Jan M. Rabenberg, Secondary Cooling in DC Casting: Modelling and Experimental Results, TMS 2001, New Orleans, Louisianna, February 11-15, 2001
43-01 James Andrew Yurko, Fluid Flow Behavior of Semi-Solid Aluminum at High Shear Rates,Ph.D. thesis; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2001. Abstract only; full thesis available at http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/8451 (for a fee).
33-01 Juang, S.H., CAE Application on Design of Die Casting Dies, 2001 Conference on CAE Technology and Application, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, November 2001, (article in Chinese with English-language abstract)
32-01 Juang, S.H. and C. M. Wang, Effect of Feeding Geometry on Flow Characteristics of Magnesium Die Casting by Numerical Analysis, The Preceedings of 6th FADMA Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, July 2001, Chinese language with English abstract
26-01 C. W. Hirt., Predicting Defects in Lost Foam Castings, December 13, 2001
21-01 P. Scarber Jr., Using Liquid Free Surface Areas as a Predictor of Reoxidation Tendency in Metal Alloy Castings, presented at the Steel Founders’ Society of American, Technical and Operating Conference, October 2001
20-01 P. Scarber Jr., J. Griffin, and C. E. Bates, The Effect of Gating and Pouring Practice on Reoxidation of Steel Castings, presented at the Steel Founders’ Society of American, Technical and Operating Conference, October 2001
19-01 L. Wang, T. Nguyen, M. Murray, Simulation of Flow Pattern and Temperature Profile in the Shot Sleeve of a High Pressure Die Casting Process, CSIRO Manufacturing Science and Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Presented by North American Die Casting Association, Oct 29-Nov 1, 2001, Cincinnati, To1-014
18-01 Rajiv Shivpuri, Venkatesh Sankararaman, Kaustubh Kulkarni, An Approach at Optimizing the Ingate Design for Reducing Filling and Shrinkage Defects, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, Presented by North American Die Casting Association, Oct 29-Nov 1, 2001, Cincinnati, TO1-052
5-01 Michael Barkhudarov, Simulation Helps Overcome Challenges of Thin Wall Magnesium Diecasting, Diecasting World, March 2001, pp. 5-6
2-01 J. Grindling, Customized CFD Codes to Simulate Casting of Thermosets in Full 3D, Electrical Manufacturing and Coil Winding 2000 Conference, October 31-November 2, 20
20-00 Richard Schuhmann, John Carrig, Thang Nguyen, Arne Dahle, Comparison of Water Analogue Modelling and Numerical Simulation Using Real-Time X-Ray Flow Data in Gravity Die Casting, Australian Die Casting Association Die Casting 2000 Conference, September 3-6, 2000, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
15-00 M. Sirvio, Vainola, J. Vartianinen, M. Vuorinen, J. Orkas, and S. Devenyi, Fluid Flow Analysis for Designing Gating of Aluminum Castings, Proc. NADCA Conf., Rosemont, IL, Nov 6-8, 1999
14-00 X. Yang, M. Jolly, and J. Campbell, Reduction of Surface Turbulence during Filling of Sand Castings Using a Vortex-flow Runner, Conference for Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Processes IX, Aachen, Germany, August 2000
13-00 H. S. H. Lo and J. Campbell, The Modeling of Ceramic Foam Filters, Conference for Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Processes IX, Aachen, Germany, August 2000
12-00 M. R. Jolly, H. S. H. Lo, M. Turan and J. Campbell, Use of Simulation Tools in the Practical Development of a Method for Manufacture of Cast Iron Camshafts,” Conference for Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Processes IX, Aachen, Germany, August, 2000
14-99 J Koke, and M Modigell, Time-Dependent Rheological Properties of Semi-solid Metal Alloys, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Aachen University of Technology, Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials 3: 15-30, 1999
12-99 Grun, Gerd-Ulrich, Schneider, Wolfgang, Ray, Steven, Marthinusen, Jan-Olaf, Recent Improvements in Ceramic Foam Filter Design by Coupled Heat and Fluid Flow Modeling, Proc TMS Annual Meeting, 1999, pp. 1041-1047
10-99 Bongcheol Park and Jerald R. Brevick, Computer Flow Modeling of Cavity Pre-fill Effects in High Pressure Die Casting, NADCA Proceedings, Cleveland T99-011, November, 1999
8-99 Brad Guthrie, Simulation Reduces Aluminum Die Casting Cost by Reducing Volume, Die Casting Engineer Magazine, September/October 1999, pp. 78-81
7-99 Fred L. Church, Virtual Reality Predicts Cast Metal Flow, Modern Metals, September, 1999, pp. 67F-J
19-98 Grun, Gerd-Ulrich, & Schneider, Wolfgang, Numerical Modeling of Fluid Flow Phenomena in the Launder-integrated Tool Within Casting Unit Development, Proc TMS Annual Meeting, 1998, pp. 1175-1182
18-98 X. Yang & J. Campbell, Liquid Metal Flow in a Pouring Basin, Int. J. Cast Metals Res, 1998, 10, pp. 239-253
15-98 R. Van Tol, Mould Filling of Horizontal Thin-Wall Castings, Delft University Press, The Netherlands, 1998
14-98 J. Daughtery and K. A. Williams, Thermal Modeling of Mold Material Candidates for Copper Pressure Die Casting of the Induction Motor Rotor Structure, Proc. Int’l Workshop on Permanent Mold Casting of Copper-Based Alloys, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Oct. 15-16, 1998
10-98 C. W. Hirt, and M.R. Barkhudarov, Lost Foam Casting Simulation with Defect Prediction, Flow Science Inc, presented at Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes VIII Conference, June 7-12, 1998, Catamaran Hotel, San Diego, California
9-98 M. R. Barkhudarov and C. W. Hirt, Tracking Defects, Flow Science Inc, presented at the 1st International Aluminum Casting Technology Symposium, 12-14 October 1998, Rosemont, IL
5-98 J. Righi, Computer Simulation Helps Eliminate Porosity, Die Casting Management Magazine, pp. 36-38, January 1998
3-98 P. Kapranos, M. R. Barkhudarov, D. H. Kirkwood, Modeling of Structural Breakdown during Rapid Compression of Semi-Solid Alloy Slugs, Dept. Engineering Materials, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K. and Flow Science Inc, USA, Presented at the 5th International Conference Semi-Solid Processing of Alloys and Composites, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 23-25 June 1998
1-98 U. Jerichow, T. Altan, and P. R. Sahm, Semi Solid Metal Forming of Aluminum Alloys-The Effect of Process Variables Upon Material Flow, Cavity Fill and Mechanical Properties, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, published in Die Casting Engineer, p. 26, Jan/Feb 1998
8-97 Michael Barkhudarov, High Pressure Die Casting Simulation Using FLOW-3D, Die Casting Engineer, 1997
15-97 M. R. Barkhudarov, Advanced Simulation of the Flow and Heat Transfer Process in Simultaneous Engineering, Flow Science report, presented at the Casting 1997 – International ADI and Simulation Conference, Helsinki, Finland, May 28-30, 1997
14-97 M. Ranganathan and R. Shivpuri, Reducing Scrap and Increasing Die Life in Low Pressure Die Casting through Flow Simulation and Accelerated Testing, Dept. Welding and Systems Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, presented at 19th International Die Casting Congress & Exposition, November 3-6, 1997
13-97 J. Koke, Modellierung und Simulation der Fließeigenschaften teilerstarrter Metallegierungen, Livt Information, Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, RWTH Aachen, October 1997
10-97 J. P. Greene and J. O. Wilkes, Numerical Analysis of Injection Molding of Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics – Part 2 Fiber Orientation, Body-in-White Center, General Motors Corp. and Dept. Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 37, No. 6, June 1997
9-97 J. P. Greene and J. O. Wilkes, Numerical Analysis of Injection Molding of Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics. Part 1 – Injection Pressures and Flow, Manufacturing Center, General Motors Corp. and Dept. Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 37, No. 3, March 1997
8-97 H. Grazzini and D. Nesa, Thermophysical Properties, Casting Simulation and Experiments for a Stainless Steel, AT Systemes (Renault) report, presented at the Solidification Processing ’97 Conference, July 7-10, 1997, Sheffield, U.K.
7-97 R. Van Tol, L. Katgerman and H. E. A. Van den Akker, Horizontal Mould Filling of a Thin Wall Aluminum Casting, Laboratory of Materials report, Delft University, presented at the Solidification Processing ’97 Conference, July 7-10, 1997, Sheffield, U.K.
6-97 M. R. Barkhudarov, Is Fluid Flow Important for Predicting Solidification, Flow Science report, presented at the Solidification Processing ’97 Conference, July 7-10, 1997, Sheffield, U.K.
22-96 Grun, Gerd-Ulrich & Schneider, Wolfgang, 3-D Modeling of the Start-up Phase of DC Casting of Sheet Ingots, Proc TMS Annual Meeting, 1996, pp. 971-981
9-96 M. R. Barkhudarov and C. W. Hirt, Thixotropic Flow Effects under Conditions of Strong Shear, Flow Science report FSI96-00-2, to be presented at the “Materials Week ’96” TMS Conference, Cincinnati, OH, 7-10 October 1996
4-96 C. W. Hirt, A Computational Model for the Lost Foam Process, Flow Science final report, February 1996 (FSI-96-57-R2)
3-96 M. R. Barkhudarov, C. L. Bronisz, C. W. Hirt, Three-Dimensional Thixotropic Flow Model, Flow Science report, FSI-96-00-1, published in the proceedings of (pp. 110- 114) and presented at the 4th International Conference on Semi-Solid Processing of Alloys and Composites, The University of Sheffield, 19-21 June 1996
1-96 M. R. Barkhudarov, J. Beech, K. Chang, and S. B. Chin, Numerical Simulation of Metal/Mould Interfacial Heat Transfer in Casting, Dept. Mech. & Process Engineering, Dept. Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield and Flow Science Inc, 9th Int. Symposium on Transport Phenomena in Thermal-Fluid Engineering, June 25-28, 1996, Singapore
11-95 Barkhudarov, M. R., Hirt, C.W., Casting Simulation Mold Filling and Solidification-Benchmark Calculations Using FLOW-3D, Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Processes VII, pp 935-946
10-95 Grun, Gerd-Ulrich, & Schneider, Wolfgang, Optimal Design of a Distribution Pan for Level Pour Casting, Proc TMS Annual Meeting, 1995, pp. 1061-1070
9-95 E. Masuda, I. Itoh, K. Haraguchi, Application of Mold Filling Simulation to Die Casting Processes, Honda Engineering Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan, presented at the Modelling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes VII, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1995
6-95 K. Venkatesan, Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Process Parameters on the Erosive Wear of Die Casting Dies, presented for Ph.D. degree at Ohio State University, 1995
5-95 J. Righi, A. F. LaCamera, S. A. Jones, W. G. Truckner, T. N. Rouns, Integration of Experience and Simulation Based Understanding in the Die Design Process, Alcoa Technical Center, Alcoa Center, PA 15069, presented by the North American Die Casting Association, 1995
2-95 K. Venkatesan and R. Shivpuri, Numerical Simulation and Comparison with Water Modeling Studies of the Inertia Dominated Cavity Filling in Die Casting, NUMIFORM, 1995
1-95 K. Venkatesan and R. Shivpuri, Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Gate Velocity and Gate Size on the Quality of Die Casting Parts, NAMRC, 1995.
15-94 D. Liang, Y. Bayraktar, S. A. Moir, M. Barkhudarov, and H. Jones, Primary Silicon Segregation During Isothermal Holding of Hypereutectic AI-18.3%Si Alloy in the Freezing Range, Dept. of Engr. Materials, U. of Sheffield, Metals and Materials, February 1994
13-94 Deniece Korzekwa and Paul Dunn, A Combined Experimental and Modeling Approach to Uranium Casting, Materials Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, presented at the Symposium on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting, El Dorado Hotel, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 1994
12-94 R. van Tol, H. E. A. van den Akker and L. Katgerman, CFD Study of the Mould Filling of a Horizontal Thin Wall Aluminum Casting, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, HTD-Vol. 284/AMD-Vol. 182, Transport Phenomena in Solidification, ASME 1994
11-94 M. R. Barkhudarov and K. A. Williams, Simulation of ‘Surface Turbulence’ Fluid Phenomena During the Mold Filling Phase of Gravity Castings, Flow Science Technical Note #41, November 1994 (FSI-94-TN41)
10-94 M. R. Barkhudarov and S. B. Chin, Stability of a Numerical Algorithm for Gas Bubble Modelling, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K., International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, Vol. 19, 415-437 (1994)
16-93 K. Venkatesan and R. Shivpuri, Numerical Simulation of Die Cavity Filling in Die Castings and an Evaluation of Process Parameters on Die Wear, Dept. of Industrial Systems Engineering, Presented by: N.A. Die Casting Association, Cleveland, Ohio, October 18-21, 1993
15-93 K. Venkatesen and R. Shivpuri, Numerical Modeling of Filling and Solidification for Improved Quality of Die Casting: A Literature Survey (Chapters II and III), Engineering Research Center for Net Shape Manufacturing, Report C-93-07, August 1993, Ohio State University
1-93 P-E Persson, Computer Simulation of the Solidification of a Hub Carrier for the Volvo 800 Series, AB Volvo Technological Development, Metals Laboratory, Technical Report No. LM 500014E, Jan. 1993
13-92 D. R. Korzekwa, M. A. K. Lewis, Experimentation and Simulation of Gravity Fed Lead Castings, in proceedings of a TMS Symposium on Concurrent Engineering Approach to Materials Processing, S. N. Dwivedi, A. J. Paul and F. R. Dax, eds., TMS-AIME Warrendale, p. 155 (1992)
12-92 M. A. K. Lewis, Near-Net-Shaiconpe Casting Simulation and Experimentation, MST 1992 Review, Los Alamos National Laboratory
2-92 M. R. Barkhudarov, H. You, J. Beech, S. B. Chin, D. H. Kirkwood, Validation and Development of FLOW-3D for Casting, School of Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, presented at the TMS/AIME Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, March 3, 1992
1-92 D. R. Korzekwa and L. A. Jacobson, Los Alamos National Laboratory and C.W. Hirt, Flow Science Inc, Modeling Planar Flow Casting with FLOW-3D, presented at the TMS/AIME Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, March 3, 1992
12-91 R. Shivpuri, M. Kuthirakulathu, and M. Mittal, Nonisothermal 3-D Finite Difference Simulation of Cavity Filling during the Die Casting Process, Dept. Industrial and Systems Engineering, Ohio State University, presented at the 1991 Winter Annual ASME Meeting, Atlanta, GA, Dec. 1-6, 1991
3-91 C. W. Hirt, A FLOW-3D Study of the Importance of Fluid Momentum in Mold Filling, presented at the 18th Annual Automotive Materials Symposium, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, May 1-2, 1991 (FSI-91-00-2)
11-90 N. Saluja, O.J. Ilegbusi, and J. Szekely, On the Calculation of the Electromagnetic Force Field in the Circular Stirring of Metallic Melts, accepted in J. Appl. Physics, 1990
10-90 N. Saluja, O. J. Ilegbusi, and J. Szekely, On the Calculation of the Electromagnetic Force Field in the Circular Stirring of Metallic Molds in Continuous Castings, presented at the 6th Iron and Steel Congress of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, Nagoya, Japan, October 1990
9-90 N. Saluja, O. J. Ilegbusi, and J. Szekely, Fluid Flow in Phenomena in the Electromagnetic Stirring of Continuous Casting Systems, Part I. The Behavior of a Cylindrically Shaped, Laboratory Scale Installation, accepted for publication in Steel Research, 1990
8-89 C. W. Hirt, Gravity-Fed Casting, Flow Science Technical Note #20, July 1989 (FSI-89-TN20)
6-89 E. W. M. Hansen and F. Syvertsen, Numerical Simulation of Flow Behaviour in Moldfilling for Casting Analysis, SINTEF-Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Report No. STS20 A89001, June 1989
1-88 C. W. Hirt and R. P. Harper, Modeling Tests for Casting Processes, Flow Science report, Jan. 1988 (FSI-88-38-01)
2-87 C. W. Hirt, Addition of a Solidification/Melting Model to FLOW-3D, Flow Science report, April 1987 (FSI-87-33-1)
본 자료는 국내 사용자들의 편의를 위해 원문 번역을 해서 제공하기 때문에 일부 오역이 있을 수 있어서 원문과 함께 수록합니다. 자료를 이용하실 때 참고하시기 바랍니다.
Mampaey and Xu1 showed how Cartesian grid representations of curved flow channels, using a zigzag approximation for the walls, can result in substantial numerical flow losses. There are two sources for these losses. The first source arises from changes in flow direction at a zigzag in the grid boundary. Each abrupt direction change is accompanied by a small loss in kinetic energy. The second source of flow loss may arise from poor approximations of fluid momentum advection near a zigzag boundary. If the finite-difference algorithm uses velocity data located in solid regions outside the channel, these values generally contribute to a slowing down of the flow, i.e., result in a loss of energy.
FAVOR TM를 사용한 손실 제로
Mampaey 와 Xu (아래 자료 참조)는 벽에 대해 지그재그 근사를 사용하여 곡선 유로를 직교 격자로 나타낸 결과 상당한 수치적 유동 손실이 발생할 수 있음을 보여줍니다. 이 손실에는 두 가지 원인이 있습니다. 첫 번째 원인은 격자 경계의 지그재그 부분에서 흐름의 방향이 변화하는 것입니다. 방향이 급변 할 때마다 운동 에너지는 조금씩 감소합니다. 유동 손실의 두 번째 원인으로 생각되는 것은 지그재그 경계 부근의 유체 운동량 이류(advection)의 근사치가 불충분 한 것입니다. 유로의 외부 고체 영역의 속도 데이터를 유한 차분 알고리즘에서 사용하는 경우 이 값이 유속 저하되는 것은 일반적이며, 그 결과 에너지 손실이 발생합니다.
Since FLOW-3D uses a Cartesian grid, it is reasonable to ask if it too suffers from numerical flow losses. The answer is no, it does not. The Fractional Area-Volume Obstacle Representation, FAVOR™, method used exclusively in FLOW-3D eliminates zigzag direction changes by smoothly blocking out fractional portions of grid cell faces and volumes. FAVOR™ also has a collection of special algorithms for computing interfacial areas, evaluating wall stresses, enhancing numerical stability, and for computing advection along solid boundaries.
FLOW-3D는 직교 격자를 사용하고 있기 때문에 수치적 유동 손실의 영향에 대한 의문이 나오는 것은 당연합니다. 대답은 ‘노’입니다. 영향은 없습니다. FLOW-3D에서 독점적으로 사용되는 FAVOR TM (Fractional Area-Volume Obstacle Representation) 법에서는 격자 셀면이나 체적의 세세한 부분을 매끄럽게 블록 분류하여 지그재그 방향 변화를 제거합니다 . FAVOR TM는 계면 면적 계산, 벽 응력의 평가, 수치 안정성 강화, 고체 경계에 따른 이류의 계산 등을 목적으로 한 일련의 특수한 알고리즘도 포함되어 있습니다.
A simple demonstration of energy conservation in FLOW-3D is provided by a variation of the Mampaey and Xu experiment. In the figure, we show the lower half of a circular channel with fluid located in the left half. The fluid is initially at rest, but gravity is directed downwards causing the fluid to flow to the right side of the channel. In the absence of flow losses, the fluid should reach the same height on the right side as it started from on the left side.
FLOW-3D의 에너지 절약에 대한 부분을 Mampaey 와 Xu 의 실험을 응용하여 쉽게 보여줍니다. 그림은 원형 수로의 하단에서 왼쪽에 유체가 배치되어있는 모습을 보여줍니다. 이 유체는 처음에는 정지하고 있습니다 만, 아래로 중력이 걸려 있기 때문에 유체는 수로의 오른쪽으로 흐릅니다. 유동 손실이 없는 경우 이 유체는 오른쪽으로 흐를 때 왼쪽에서 첫 번째 상태와 같은 높이에 도달해야합니다.
FLOW-3D simulations of this problem show a realistic sloshing distortion of the free surface (figure above) and the center of mass of the fluid rises to nearly its initial height on the right side of the channel indicating little flow loss. This result is all the more remarkable considering the coarse gridding.
이 문제를 FLOW-3D로 시뮬레이션하면 자유 표면의 리얼한 슬로싱 왜곡은 있지만 (위 그림 참조) 유체의 질량 중심은 수로의 오른쪽에서 처음과 거의 같은 높이까지 상승하고 유동 손실이 거의없는 것을 보여줍니다. 격자가 거친 것을 고려하면이 결과는 더욱 주목할만 합니다.
Mampaey, F. and Xu, Zhi-An, Simulation and Experimental Validation of Mould Filling, Proc. Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes VII, London, September 10-12, p.3 (1995).
FLOW-3D 의 고객들은 끊임없이 자신의 설계 및 제조 공정을 개선하기 위하여 시뮬레이션을 사용한 결과와 실제를 비교 검증을 하고 있습니다.
Shot sleeve 공정을 최적화하는 것은 제품 품질을 보장하는 데 매우 중요합니다. FLOW-3D의 시뮬레이션 결과와 실제 사례 간의 비교는 시뮬레이션을 사용하여 엔지니어가 고가의 금형을 제조하기 전에 디자인을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법을 강조합니다. FLOW-3D의 GMO 기능을 이용하여 사용자는 전체 공정을 따라 실제 ladle로부터 fast shot까지 유체의 움직임을 정확하게 포착 할 수 있습니다. Simulation courtesy of Mr. Antoni Drys from Nemak Poland Sp. z o.o
A gravity casting simulation compared with the reconstruction of the real filling, based on thermocoupled data. Courtesy of XC Engineering and Peugeot PSA.
X 레이 사진 및 FLOW-3D 충전 시뮬레이션 비교표입니다. A356 알루미늄 합금으로의 사형 주형의 3 차원 중력 충진양상이고, legend 색은 용탕의 압력입니다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 대칭의 수직면에 나타나고 있습니다. X-rays courtesy of Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Processes VII, London, 1995.
X-ray validation of a sand mold filling
Short shot compared to simulation results show good correlation. Courtesy of Littler Diecast Corporation.
Short sleeve validation – simulation versus casting part
FLOW-3D의 Air Entrapment model을 사용하여 나온 시뮬레이션과 실험결과를 보여줍니다. 이는 세탁기 용 전동 모터에 대한 프론트 커버의 HPDC 결과입니다. 공기 관련 결함은 이미지의 컬러 형태로 정성적으로 표시됩니다. FLOW-3D 내의 다른 수치 기능에 의해 물리적인 air pocket도 명확하게 포착됩니다.
Successful comparison of casting simulation versus experimental results courtesy of Antrametal.
디젤 엔진 용 오일 필터 하우징(380 다이 캐스트 합금.)의 X 선 검증 사례입니다. X 선에 대한 자세한 영역은 최대 porosity concentration를 나타냅니다.
X-ray vs. FLOW-3D Cast validation of an oil filter housing for a diesel engine.
Validation snapshots of actual casting parts vs. FLOW-3D simulations. From left to right: A transmission housing, an oil pan and an auto part.
HPDC casting validation comparing FLOW-3D results to the actual part
The area of die erosion due to cavitation was correctly located in a comparison of FLOW-3D results to a real-world case.
A comparison made by BMW between simulation and experiment of the drying of an inorganic core.
Comparison of real time X-ray and FLOW-3D metal flow simulation results on a lost foam L850 Block Bulkhead Slice. Simulation courtesy of GM Powertrain.
Microfluidics는 집적 회로 산업에서 사용되는 것과 유사한 공정을 사용하여 소형 기기의 제조에 급격하게 성장하는 기술입니다. Microfluidics 기술은 0.1 미크론에서 1mm에 이르기까지 매우 작은 장치로 기계, 유체, 광학, 전자 기능을 통합 할 수있는 방법을 제공합니다. Microfluidics는 기존의 방법과 비교하면 두 가지 중요한 장점이 있습니다. 첫째, 대량으로 제조 될 수 있으므로, 생산의 비용이 실질적으로 감소 될 수 있습니다. 둘째, 집적 회로에 통합 될 수 있어서 다른 기술보다 훨씬 더 복잡한 시스템으로 제조 될 수 있습니다.
Chip packaging simulation. Results generated by FLOW-3D/MP, FLOW-3D‘s HPC solution.
엔지니어 및 과학자가 설계, 시험 제작하고 그 성능을 최적화하기 위해 장치를 재 설계하는 등, 다른 제조 방법에서와 같이 microfluidics 설계 프로세스는 매우 고가 일 수 있습니다. 그러나, 수치 시뮬레이션은 전자, 기계, 화학, 열 과학 및 유체 과학 등의 분야에 걸쳐 정량 분석과 중요한 통찰력을 제공 할 수 있습니다.
laser-sintering
FLOW-3D Microfluidics Brochure
에스티아이씨앤디는 세상을 이롭게 하는 기술을 만들어가기 위해 노력하고 있습니다.
지속적인 기술 혁신을 통해 인류의 보다 나은 삶을 위한 기초기술 개발과 친환경 기술개발에 매진하고 있습니다.
국내 최고의 국가 연구기관 및 학계와 함께 제품개발 연구활동을 수행하고 있으며, 고객사들이 세계적인 경쟁력을 갖출 수 있도록 선진 기술보급에도 노력하고 있습니다.
저희와 함께 해주시고 지켜봐 주십시오.
감사합니다.
당사는 엔지니어링 전문 기술서비스 업체로 다음과 같은 분야에서 탁월한 기술 서비스를 제공하고 있습니다 .
(주)에스티아이씨앤디는 고품질 엔지니어링 서비스인 수치해석, 엔지니어링 S/W 개발 등 선진 기술개발에 힘쓰고 있습니다.
국내 최고의 기술력과 수치해석 경험을 통해 수처리분야의 댐해석, 강과 하천, 정수장, 하폐수처리장, 바이오 배양시설 및 첨단 제품 개발을 위한 자동차 부품개발, 전자, 주조, 철강 등 고난이도 수치해석 컨설팅 및 엔지니어링 소프트웨어를 개발 제공하고 있습니다.
고객의 성공이 최상의 가치임을 알기에 언제나 고객 여러분의 의견에 귀 기울이고 고객과 함께 성장하도록 최선을 다하겠습니다. 여러분의 관심과 조언을 부탁 드립니다.
대표이사 홍기원
제품에 대한 기술시연 및 데모는 다음 링크에서 신청 가능하십니다.
| 주조분야 |
| Gravity Pour 중력 주조 High Pressure Die Casting 고압 다이캐스팅 Tilt Casting 경동 주조 Centrifugal Casting 원심 주조 Investment Casting 정밀 주조 Vacuum Casting 진공 주조 Continuous Casting 연속 주조 Lost Foam Casting 소실 모형 주조 Fill and Defects Tracking 용탕 주입 및 결함 추적 Solidification and Shrinkage 응고 및 수축 해석 Thermal Stress Evolution and Deformation 열응력 및 변형 해석 |
| 물 및 환경 응용 분야 |
| Wastewater Treatment and Recovery 폐수 처리 및 복구 Pump Stations 펌프장 Dams, Weirs, Spillways 댐, 위어, 여수로 River Hydraulics 강 유역 Inundation & Flooding 침수 및 범람 Open Channel Flow 개수로 흐름 Sediment and Scour 퇴적 및 세굴(쇄굴) Plumes, Hydraulic Zones of Influence 기둥, 수리 영향 구역 Coastal and Critical Infrastructure Wave Run-Up 연안 및 핵심 인프라 웨이브 런업 |
| 에너지 분야 |
| Fuel/cargo sloshing in oceangoing containers 해양 컨테이너 용 연료 /화물 슬로싱 Offshore platform wave effects 근해 플랫폼 파 영향 Separation devices undergoing 6 DOF motion 6 자유도 운동을 하는 분리 장치 Wave energy converters 파동 에너지 변환기 |
| 미세유체 |
| Continuous-Flow 연속 흐름 Droplet, Digital 물방울, 디지털 Molecular Biology 분자 생물학 Opto-Microfluidics 광 마이크로 유체 Cell Behavior 세포 행동 Fuel Cells 연료 전지들 |
| 용접 제조 |
| Laser Welding 레이저 용접 Laser Metal Deposition 레이저 금속 증착 Additive Manufacturing 첨가제 제조 Multi-Layer Build 다중 레이어 빌드 Polymer 3D Printing 폴리머 3D 프린팅 |
| 코팅 분야 |
| Curtain Coating 커튼 코팅 Dip Coating 딥 코팅 Gravure Printing 그라비아 코팅 Roll Coating 롤 코팅 Slide Coating 슬라이드 코팅 Slot Coating 슬롯 코팅 Contact Insights 접촉면 분석 |
| 연안 / 해양분야 |
| Breakwater Structures 방파제 구조물 Offshore Structures 항만 연안 구조물 Ship Hydrodynamics 선박 유체 역학 Sloshing & Slamming 슬로싱 & 슬래밍 Tsunamis 쓰나미 해석 |
| 생명공학 분야 |
| Active Mixing 액티브 믹싱 Chemical Reactions 화학 반응 Dissolution 용해 Drug Delivery 약물 전달 Drug Particles 마약 입자 Microdispensers 마이크로 디스펜서 Passive Mixing 패시브 믹싱 Piezo Driven Pumps 피에조 구동 펌프 |
| 자동차 분야 |
| Fuel Tanks 연료 탱크 Early Fuel Shut-Off 초기 연료 차단 Gear Interaction 기어 상호 작용 Filters 필터 Degas Bottles 병의 가스제거 |
단기 또는 장기 프로젝트 또는 국책 연구과제 수행시 수치해석을 이용하여 특정 문제 해결을 검토하고 계십니까?
세계적인 열 유동해석 프로그램인 FLOW-3D, FLOW-3D CLOUD, FLOW-3D Hydro, FLOW-3D Cast , FLOW-3D AM, FLOW-3D WELD 를 쉽게 이용할 수 있도록 다양한 구매조건을 제공하므로 최소의 비용으로 귀하의 프로젝트를 성공리에 수행할 수 있습니다.
이전에 FLOW-3D를 사용해 본 경험이 전혀 없어도, 프로젝트 수행에 지장이 없도록 Input 작성부터 분석방법까지 쉽고 빠르게 당사의 전문 엔지니어가 밀착 지원해 드립니다.
어떤 문제든지 아래 연락처로 문의 주시면 도움을 받을 수 있습니다.
고도로 훈련된 전문 엔지니어 기술지원팀이 여러분을 도울 준비가 되어 있습니다.
연락처 : 02-2026-0442
이메일 : flow3d@stikorea.co.kr
(주)에스티아이씨앤디는 귀사에서 수행중인 업무나 아이디어가 있는데 프로그램으로 구현하지 못한 경우 당사의 전문 개발자가 엔지니어링 소프트웨어 개발을 지원합니다.
이를 통해 귀하께서 당면하고 있는 업무의 자동화나 해결하지 못하는 엔지니어링 문제를 쉽게 해결할 수 있습니다.
특정 문제에 대한 해결을 위해 엔지니어의 방문이 필요하신 경우 언제든지 아래 연락처로 문의 주시기 바랍니다.
연락처 : 02-2026-0451
이메일 : flow3d@stikorea.co.kr
FLOW-3D를 평가해 보고 싶은 경우 무료로 단기 라이선스(1개월)를 제공해 드릴 수 있습니다.
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FLOW-3D Free Trial 신청하러 가기 : 신청링크
연락처 : 02-2026-0455
이메일 : flow3d@stikorea.co.kr
연락처 : 02-2026-0455
이메일 : flow3d@stikorea.co.kr
양질의 CFD 교육을받는 것은 토목, 기계, 전산 및 생화학 공학 세계에서 매우 중요합니다. 최첨단 시각화 및 고성능 컴퓨팅 기능을 제공하는 정확하고 다재다능한 CFD 소프트웨어는 학생들의 학습 경험을 향상시키고 CFD 전문가가 될 수 있도록 도와줍니다.
신청서 작성: < 링크 >
연락처 : 02-2026-0455
이메일 : flow3d@stikorea.co.kr
KNSB 고체모터를 이용한 중형과학로켓추진기관설계
박지호*† ․ 최현수* ․ 최은교* ․ 방영웅* ․ 최현창*
Design of KNSB Solid Motor for Sounding Rocket Propulsion System
Jiho Park† ․ Hyunsoo Choi ․ Eungyo Choi* ․ Yeongwoong Bang* ․ Hyunchang Choi* ․ Hyungsub Sim**
ABSTRACT
This is the final report of the Aerospace Engineering Research 1 class in the Department of
Aerospace Engineering, Sejong University. This project started out of a curiosity about whether it is
possible to design a medium-sized sounding rocket propulsion system even with the composition of
the KNSB propellant. Based on the theoretical knowledge learned from the Aerospace Engineering
Research 1 class, ballistic analysis was performed using Matlab, PEP and Flow-3D, and a trajectory
program was created to visually check the performance of the designed propulsion system.
초 록
본문은 세종대학교 항공우주공학과 항공우주공학연구1 수업의 최종보고서이다. ‘KNSB 추진제 조성으로도 중형과학로켓 추진기관을 설계할 수 있는가’에 대한 궁금증으로부터 시작된 프로젝트로, 그레인의 형상 선정을 시작으로 내탄도 해석을 수행한 과정을 담았다. 항공우주공학연구1 수업으로부터 배운 이론 지식을 바탕으로 Matlab과 PEP를 활용하여 내탄도 해석을 수행하였으며, 설계한 추진기관의 성능이 어느 정도인지 육안으로 확인할 수 있도록 궤적 프로그램을 만들었다. 또한 ㈜에스티아이씨앤디로부터 전산유체해석 프로그램인 Flow-3D 라이센스를 제공받아 이를 활용하여 설계한 추진기관의 해석이 올바른지 전산해석을 수행하였고 교차 검증하였다.
Key Words: KNSB(질산칼륨-솔비톨), Combustion Analysis(내탄도해석), Sounding Rocket(과학로켓),
Numerocal Analysis(수치해석), PEP, Flow-3D, CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)
