세계 최강의 자유표면 수치해석 소프트웨어
Thermodynamic reactors… – on-a-chip
David Sinton – Mechanical and Industrial Engineering – University of Toronto
Solidification
Particle DEM modeling
Courtecy Flow Science Japan
Particle DEM modeling + laser sintering
정밀 주조 공정은 가장 오래된 주조 공정 중 하나로 기원전 4000년 이후에 보편화되었습니다. 이 과정은 용해된 금속을 소모품(왁스)패턴으로 생성된 세라믹 쉘에 주입하는 과정을 수반합니다. 일찍이 그것은 금, 은, 구리와 청동 합금으로 장신구와 우상을 만드는데 사용되었습니다.
정밀 주조공정은 1897년 아이오와 주, 위원회 블러프스의 Barabas Frederick Philbrook이 묘사한 대로 치과의사들이 왕관과 인레이를 만들기 위해 그것을 사용하기 시작한 19세기 말 현대 산업공정으로 사용되기 시작했습니다. 1940년대에는 제2차 세계대전 당시 기존 방법으로는 형성될 수 없거나 지나치게 많은 가공이 필요한 특수 합금의 정밀 순모형 제조 기술에 대한 수요로 인해 투자 주조 공정이 증가하였습니다.
오늘날 정밀 주조 공정은 표면 마감 및 치수 정확도가 우수하여 거의 순 형태에 가까운 철, 비철 및 초합금의 소형 산업용 부품을 생산하는데 주로 사용됩니다.
정밀 주조 공정은 다음 네 가지 주요 단계로 구성됩니다.
Figure 1. Solid model of the casting geometry
정밀 주조 공정에서 얻은 부품은 많은 중요한 용도에 사용되므로 내부적인 결함이 없어야 합니다. 정밀 주조 공정에서 발생하는 주요 결함은 세라믹 포함, 균열, 변형, 플래시, 주탕불량, 수축, 슬래그 포함, 탕경계등입니다. 얻은 주조물의 품질을 예측하려면 금속-몰드 열 전달계수, 주입 온도 등 다양한 주조 공정 매개 변수의 영향을 연구해야 합니다. 즉, 쉘 두께 및 쉘 열 전달계수가 그것입니다. 현대 컴퓨터 시스템 및 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어의 출현과 함께 금형 충진 및 응고 시뮬레이션은 주조공장에서 결함을 예측하고 설계를 최적화하는데 점점 더 많이 사용되고 있습니다.
이 연구의 주요 목적은 정밀 주조 공정에서 주요 요소인 복사 열 전달과 정밀 주조 공정에 고유한 쉘 금형이 FLOW-3D에서 효과적으로 구현될 수 있는지를 조사하는 것입니다. FLOW-3D를 사용하여 간단한 형상을 위한 정밀 주조공정의 주입 및 응고 시뮬레이션을 수행함으로써 두 구성요소의 서로 다른 효과를 조사합니다. 다양한 위치에서 얻은 온도의 수치는 문헌 [1]에보고 된 실험 결과로 검증됩니다. 복사 열 전달계수, 쉘 몰드 두께, 탕구 및 게이트의 위치에 대한 영향도 조사했습니다.
Figure 2. Shell mold
현재 연구에서 사용된 계산 형상은 그림 1에 나와 있습니다. 쉘 몰드는 다음 단계를 사용하여 작성되었습니다.
Figure 3. The view of the two mesh blocks for the creation of a void with discretization
쉘 몰드 용 STL 파일을 만든 후에, 이 파일을 component 1로 새 시뮬레이션으로 가져오고 이전에 작성한 주조 형상을 하위 구성 요소로 가져오고 유형을 ‘hole’으로 선택합니다. 쉘 몰드와 함께 주조 형상이 그림 2에 나와 있습니다. 이것은 우리의 계산 영역으로 사용됩니다. 다음은 계산 영역을 cubical/rectangular셀로 분할하기 위한 메쉬를 만드는 것입니다. 메쉬 블록을 작성하여 FLOW-3D에서 메쉬를 생성합니다. 현재의 작업을 위해 2.5mm의 고정된 셀 크기가 선택된 그림 3에 표시된 균일한 메쉬 옵션을 선택했습니다. 입력 위치 주변에 메시 블록 2가 사용되는 현재 시뮬레이션을 위해 메시 블록 2개가 생성되었습니다. 쉘과 주변 공기 사이의 30°C에서의 열 전달을 고려하여 쉘 주위에 보이드 영역이 정의됩니다. 이 영역은 ‘heat transfer type 1’이 있는 보이드 영역으로 선택되며 셸과 주변 공기 사이에 열 전달 계수 값이 지정됩니다. heat transfer type 1은 방사선을 포함한 종합 열 전달 계수가 됩니다.
쉘 주형에 선택된 재료는 zircon이며 열 특성은 Sabau and Vishwanathan에 의해 수행된 실험에서 얻을 수 있습니다[2]. 표 1은 연구에 사용된 재료에 대해 지정된 값을 보여 줍니다.
| MATERIAL | PROPERTY | VALUE | UNIT |
| Fluid –AluminiumA356 alloy | Density | 2437 | kg/m³ |
| Thermal conductivity | 116.8 | W/(m K) | |
| Specific heat | 1074 | J/(kg K) | |
| Latent heat | 433.22 | kJ/m³ | |
| Liquidus temperature | 608 | 0C | |
| Solidus temperature | 552.4 | 0C | |
| Zircon Mold | Thermal conductivity | 1.09 | W/(m K) |
| Specific heat* Density | 1.63E+06 | J/( m³ |
Initial and boundary conditions used are show in Table 2.
| Mold temperature | 430°C |
| Melt pouring temperature | 680°C |
| Filling time | 7 s |
| Interface heat transfer coefficient | 850 W/m2K |
| Heat transfer coefficient between ambient and mold (radiation effect) | 30 -100 W/m2K |
Table 2. Initial and boundary conditions used for the simulation
Sprue basin에 들어가는 용융물의 초기 속도와 온도는 메시 블록 2의 상단 경계에서 속도 경계 조건으로 주어집니다. 기본적으로 다른 모든 경계는 대칭 유형으로 설정됩니다.
충전 및 응고 동안 냉각 곡선을 얻기 위한 실험에서 Sabuet.al[1]에 의해 선택된 네 개의 위치가 검증 목적으로 사용되었습니다. 그들은 C1, C2, S11, S12및 S21로 언급됩니다. C1과 C2지점은 주물의 플레이트의 중심에 있으며 S11, S12및 S21은 모두 쉘에 위치합니다. 이러한 위치에서의 온도 변화는 그림 4와 같습니다.
온도 프로파일의 수치 및 실험결과의 차이가 허용한계 안에 있음을 알 수 있습니다. probe points C1과 C2의 경우, 수치와 실험 결과 사이의 차이는 응고 중에 5%, 응고 후 냉각 시 12% 이내입니다. 쉘의 점에 대한 수치 결과는 실험 결과보다 약 5% 높습니다. 이는 쉘 재료에 열 물리학적 특성을 할당할 때 발생하는 가정과 쉘 열 전달 계수의 값 때문일 수 있습니다.
2 개의 상이한 탕구 위치에서 용탕 충전 순서는 5a 및 5b에 나와 있습니다. 최종 탕구가 더 많은 splashing을 생성하므로 결함으로 이어질 수 있습니다. 탕구가 중간에 놓여지면 흐름은 보다 균일 해지고 두 주조 단면에서 비슷한 온도 분포를 보입니다. 50 % 응고 후의 온도 프로파일의 2D 도면은 두 경우 모두 그림 5c 및 5d에 나와 있습니다. 수축 위치에서 볼 때 두 탕구 위치가 결함을 일으키는 것은 분명합니다.
정밀 주조에 대한 쉘 두께의 효과를 연구하기 위해 두께가 7.2, 10, 15 및 20 mm인 주물을 선정하였습니다. 그림 6a 및 6b는 주조품의 특정 위치에서 냉각 곡선을 나타내며, 이는 C1으로 나타내고 쉘 몰드 내의 특정 위치에 있으며, 응고 중에 S11로 나타납니다. 세라믹 쉘의 두께가 7.2 mm에서 15 mm로 증가하면 냉각 속도가 감소하여 응고 시간이 길어지는 것을 볼 수 있습니다.
쉘 열 전달 계수는 열이 쉘 몰드의 외부 벽에서 방사선을 통해 주변 공기로 열을 방출하는 속도를 나타냅니다. 이 효과를 조사하기 위해 열 전달 계수의 값을 20에서 80W/m2K까지 다양하게 했습니다. 7a 및 7b로부터, h의 변화는 주조 재료 및 쉘의 냉각 속도에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있습니다. 열 전달 계수가 20에서 80W/m2K로 증가하면 C1에서의 응고 시간이 812 초에서 334 초 (약 44 %)로 감소되었음을 알 수 있습니다. 따라서, h의 값을 변화시키는 것은 주물의 미세 구조에 영향을 미칩니다.
정밀 주조 공정의 몰드 충진 및 응고 시뮬레이션은 FLOW-3D를 사용하여 수행되었습니다. 주조 공정에 대한 주조 매개변수의 영향을 연구하기 위해 파라메트릭 연구가 수행되었습니다. 본 연구에서 다음과 같은 결론을 도출 할 수 있습니다.
Sabau, A.S., Numerical Simulation of the Investment Casting Process, Transactions of the American Foundry Society, vol. 113, Paper No. 05-160, 2005.
Sabau, A.S., and Viswanathan, S., Thermophysical Properties of Zircon and Fused Silica-based Shells used in the Investment Casting Process, Transactions of the American Foundry Society, vol. 112, Paper No. 04-081, 2004.
레이저 파우더 베드 퓨전 (L-PBF) 첨가제 제조에는 복잡한 물리적 공정이 필요합니다. 특히, 흡수 된 레이저 빔 에너지는 입자를 녹여 강한 유체 흐름이 표면 장력 기울기 (또는 Marangoni 전단 응력)에 의해 주로 발생하는 용융 풀을 형성합니다. 열 전달 및 유체 유동은 분말 베드 내의 분말 입자의 국부적 배열에 의해 영향을 받으며, 이는 위치에 따라 다를 수 있습니다. 매우 일시적인 유체 흐름으로 인해 용융 된 풀 표면 (자유 표면)의 형상이 끊임없이 진화하여 최종 표면 품질에 영향을 미칩니다.
본 연구에서는 분말 포장 특성, 공정 변수 및 용융 풀 역학이 표면 품질에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 이해하기 위해 두 가지 모델을 순서대로 사용합니다. 첫 번째 모델은 오픈 소스 이산 요소 방법 (DEM) 코드 인 Yade를 기반으로 개발 된 분말 입자 포장 모델입니다. 입자 적층 정보 (예를 들어, 개별 입자의 위치 및 반경)를 제공한다. 이러한 정보는 FLOW-3D를 기반으로 한 3D 과도 용융 풀 모델 인 두 번째 모델에 입력됩니다. 두 모델의 세부 사항은 문헌 [1]에 나와있다. FLOW-3D를 기반으로 한 용융 풀 모델의 특징을 요약하면 다음과 같습니다.
과도 유체 흐름 시뮬레이션은 그림 1에서와 같이 1000 μm (길이), 270 μm (너비) 및 190 μm (높이) 치수의 3D 계산 영역에서 수행됩니다. 도메인은 50 μm 두께의 층 의 분말 입자를 90㎛ 두께의 기판 위에 놓았다. 도메인의 미리 알림은 처음에는 무효로 채워집니다. 분말 층 형상은 DEM 시뮬레이션의 결과를 사용하여 초기화됩니다. 총 셀 수를 줄이면서 공간 분해능을 극대화하기 위해 메쉬 크기가 기판 / 파우더 레이어 인터페이스를 향하여 기판에서 9 μm에서 3 μm까지 연속적으로 감소하는 편향 메쉬가 사용됩니다. 메쉬 크기는 파우더 레이어와 그 위의 빈 공간에서 3 μm로 일정하게 유지됩니다. 총 셀 수는 143 만입니다.
경계 조건의 경우, 가우시안 분포에 기초한 소정의 열유속이 분말 층의 상부 표면에 부과되어 X 방향을 따라 이동하는 레이저로부터의 열 입력을 나타낸다. 온도에 따른 표면 장력은 FLOW-3D에서 사용 가능한 개선 된 표면 장력 모델을 사용하여 포함됩니다. 다른 열 – 물리적 특성의 경우, FLOW-3D 데이터베이스에서 사용 가능한 IN718 합금에 대한 데이터가 사용됩니다.
그림 2는 시간 = 55 μs에서 용융 풀 내의 온도 등면 및 속도 벡터의 종단면도 (즉, 레이저 이동 방향에 평행 한 단면)를 도시한다. 용융 된 풀 경계는 1608.15 K에서 등온선으로 표시되며, IN718의 액상 선 온도입니다. 이 그림의 오른쪽에 표시된 것처럼 입자는 부분적으로 용융 풀로 용융됩니다. 용융 된 풀 표면 근처에서, 용융 금속은 레이저 빔 바로 밑의 중심 위치에서 풀의 후단으로 당겨진다. 풀 표면 근처의 용융 금속의 이와 같은 역류는 풀의 후단을 향해 고비를 형성하는 동안 레이저 빔 아래에서 움푹 들어간 표면 프로파일을 생성한다. 다음에서 논의되는 바와 같이, 혹 모양은 볼 결함의 형성을 초래할 수 있습니다.
볼링(balling)은 그림 3에서와 같이 용융 풀이 불연속으로 분리되어 분리 된 섬으로 갈라질 때 발생할 수있는 결함입니다.이 그림에서 알 수 있듯이 레이저 빔 바로 아래의 용융 풀은 안정적이지 않으며 후단이 빠르게 분리됩니다 정면에서 분리 된 섬을 형성합니다. 분리는 그림 3 (c)와 같이 용융 풀의 중간에있는 보이드에서 시작된다. 이 공극은 레이저가 앞으로 계속 이동하면서 팽창하여 결국 용융 된 풀을 두 부분으로 나눕니다. 도 3 (e) 및 (f). 공극의 형성과 그 팽창은 표면 장력 구배 (Marangoni 효과)에 의해 강한 후진 유동에 의해 유발됩니다.
L-PBF에서의 열 전달 및 유체 흐름의 3D 과도 시뮬레이션은 볼 결함의 형성을 정량적으로 이해하기 위해 수행됩니다. 단순한 선형 트랙 만 시뮬레이션되었지만, 본 모델은 최종 빌드 품질의 중요한 속성 인 용융 풀 표면 프로파일 및 볼링 결함 형성을 연구 할 때 분말 레벨 시뮬레이션의 중요성을 보여줍니다.
뿐만 아니라 위의 금속 분말 소결 시뮬레이션은 금속 3D 프린팅(Metal 3D Printing) 산업의 핵심 기술이며 차후 많은 연구와 응용이 기대되는 분야가 될 것입니다.
이 자료는 수상 번호 N00014-14-1-0688하에 미해군 연구소(ONR)가 지원하는 연구과제에 기초로 작성되었습니다.
[1] Y.S. Lee and W. Zhang, Mesoscopic Simulation of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Laser Powder Bed Additive Manufacturing, In: 2015 Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, pp. 1154-1165, August 2015.
(주)에스티아이씨앤디에서는 FLOW-3D 제품군의 사용자 교육을 지원하고 있습니다. 홈페이지에 안내되어 있는 교육 일정과 교육신청 절차를 참고하시어 교육을 받으실 수 있습니다.
댐, 하천의 여수로, 수문 등 구조물 설계 및 방류, 월류 등 흐름 검토를 하기 위한 유동 해석 방법을 소개하는 교육 과정입니다. 유입 조건(수위, 유량 등)과 유출 조건에 따른 방류량 및 유속, 압력 분포 등 유체의 흐름을 검토를 할 수 있도록 관련 예제를 통해 적절한 기능을 습득하실 수 있습니다.
해안, 항만, 해양 구조물에 대한 파랑의 영향 및 유체의 수위, 유속, 압력의 영향을 예측할 수 있는 해석 방법을 소개하는 과정입니다. 항주파, 슬로싱, 계류 등 해안, 해양, 에너지, 플랜트 분야 구조물 설계 및 검토에 필요한 유동해석을 하실 수 있는 방법을 알려드립니다. 각 현상에 대한 적절한 예제를 통해 기능을 습득하실 수 있습니다.
주조 분야 사용자들이 쉽게 접근할 수 있도록 각 공정별로 해석 절차 및 해석 방법을 소개하는 교육 과정입니다. 고압다이캐스팅, 저압다이캐스팅, 경동주조, 중력주조, 원심주조, 정밀주조 등 주조 공법 별 관련 예제를 통해 적절한 기능들을 습득할 수 있도록 도와 드립니다.
레이저 용접 해석을 하기 위한 물리 모델과 용접 조건들을 설정하는 방법에 대해 소개하는 교육 과정입니다. 해석을 통해 용접 공정을 최적화할 수 있도록 관련 예제와 함께 적절한 기능들을 습득할 수 있도록 도와 드립니다.
Powder Bed Fusion(PBF)와 Directed Energy Deposition(DED) 공정에 대한 해석 방법을 소개하는 교육 과정입니다. 파우더 적층 및 레이저 빔을 조사하면서 동시에 금속 파우더 용융지가 적층되는 공정을 해석하는 방법을 관련 예제와 함께 습득하실 수 있습니다.
상기 과정 이외의 경우 고객의 사업 업무 환경에 적합한 사례를 중심으로 맞춤형 교육을 실시합니다. 필요하신 부분이 있으시면 언제든지 교육 담당자에게 연락하여 협의해 주시기 바랍니다.
교육은 매월 정해진 일정에 시행되는 정기 교육과 고객의 요청에 의해 시행되는 비정기 교육이 있습니다. 비정기 교육은 별도문의 바랍니다.
Indianapolis Storm-Water System
하수도 시스템은 액션영화의 도피 루트로 사용되지 않는 한 흥미롭지 않을 것입니다. 폭우로 인해 이산화탄소 수치가 올라갈 때까지 여러분은 그것에 대해 생각조차 하지 않을 것입니다. 불행하게도, 770개 이상의 오래 된 미국 도시들 아래에 있는 하수구 시스템은 심한 폭풍으로 오염 문제를 일으킵니다. 이러한 구형 설계는 하수 및 폭풍 유실을 위한 비용 효율적인 단일 스타일 파이프를 사용했으며 연결된 파이프로 강 및 호수에 하수를 내보냅니다(CSO).
1994년 미국 환경보호청(EPA)은 주로 북동부 및 그레이트 레이크 지역의 관련 지방 자치 단체들에게 CSO관련 문제를 줄이거나 제거하도록 하는 정책을 발표했습니다. (2000년 “Clean Water Act”의 일부로 법률화된 정책). 인디애나 폴리스(Indianapolis)는 가벼운 비 폭풍으로 인해 하수 오물의 백업 및 범람이 발생할 수 있는 도시 중 하나였으므로, 주요 건설 조건에서 2025년까지 문제를 해결하는 것이 필요하였습니다.
인디애나 폴리스는 국제 디자인 회사인 AECOM에 Citizens Energy Group이 건설하고 있는 3개의 깊은 암석 저장 터널 중 첫 번째를 설계할 것을 요청했습니다. 총 25마일인 이 시스템은 대규모 지하 펌프장과 기존의 하수구에서 CSO를 수직으로 떨어뜨리는 연결 구조물을 포함합니다. 첫 번째 터널의 경우, 강우가 가라 앉은 후에 3 개의 커다란 강하 구조물이 CSO를 저장 터널로 전환하여 후속 처리를 수행했습니다.
프로젝트를 해결하기 위해 AECOM은 여러 가능한 낙하 구조물 설계의 동작을 시뮬레이션하기 위해 FLOW-3D를 선택하여, 구축 및 평가 예산이 책정 된 물리적 모델에 대한 재 작업의 필요성을 최소화했습니다. 테스트 결과는 예측 값과 일치하였으므로 재설계가 필요하지 않았습니다. 또한, 이제 AECOM은 유압 설계작업의 첫 번째 단계를 일반적으로 CFD시뮬레이션을 사용합니다.
Large Scale Project on a Tight Delivery Schedule
촉박한 납품 일정에 따른 대규모 프로젝트
20세기에 건설된 하수 처리장은 주거용, 상업용, 환경유출물의 유출로 무엇을 해야 할 것인지에 대한 새로운 인식을 가져다 주었습니다. CSO 방전은 정상적으로 운영되는 동안 처리시설로 직접 이동되며 모든 과정이 양호하게 운영됩니다. 불행하게도, 대규모 폭풍이 발생하는 동안, 발전소들의 초과 용량문제를 피하기 위해 인근 수역으로 과도한 유량을 방출합니다. 이들 배출은 기름과 살충제, 야생동물 배설물에 이르기까지 다양한 오염 물질을 포함합니다.
고무적인 성공의 신호로, 1990 년대에 착공된 새로운 CSO 분리, 저장 및 처리 시설로 오염의 영향에 대해 67 %의 개선을 이루었지만, 여전히 많은 연구가 이루어져야 합니다. 인디애나 폴리스의 경우, 인디애나 폴리스시 공공사업부가 CSO 장기 통제계획을 준비한 2008년에 그러한 노력이 시작되었습니다. 정상적인 처리 공장에서 처리 할 수 있을 때까지 오버플로우가 발생하는 “저장 및 운송”접근법의 핵심은 인디애나 폴리스 터널 저장 시스템 또는 인디애나라고 합니다.
이 시스템의 첫번째 단계는 딥 록 터널 커넥터(DRTC)라고 불리는 1억 8천만달러 가치의 프로젝트입니다. DRTC는 길이 7마일의 18피트 직경의 지하 터널로, 기존의 인디애나 폴리스의 3개의 서버 대 계층 유출 연결의 흐름 경로를 다시 만들 것입니다(그림 1). 목표는 과잉 강우 유출을 기존 하수구와 새 터널 사이의 낙하 구조를 통해 이들 대피소에서 거대한 터널로 안전하게 재배치하고, 폭풍 후 처리를 위해 처리장으로 펌핑 될 수있을 때까지 유지합니다.
Fig. 1. City of Indianapolis Deep Rock Tunnel Connector (DRTC), a “storage and transport” concept being built to handle combined sewage overflow (CSO) during heavy storms. Three vertical drop structures will capture this flow and divert it downwards to 18-foot-diameter storage tunnels running more than 250 feet underground; the tunnels store the CSO until sewage treatment plant capacity becomes available. (Image courtesy Citizens Energy Group)
평균적으로 지표면 아래 250피트 깊이에서, DRTC는 건설과 궁극적인 운영 동안 위의 주변 지역에 대한 혼란을 최소화하도록 설계되었습니다. 그러나 이 프로젝트의 규모와 복잡성은 AECOM의 과제에 긴급성을 더했습니다. 세 장소 각각에 대한 가능한 낙하 구조 설계와 평가, 구조물 설계의 60%를 7개월 이내에 마무리 지었습니다.
이러한 구조물의 목적은 표준 도시 하수 시스템에서 깊은 저장 터널로 하수 흐름을 전달하는 동시에, 효율적 손실( 느린 속도 또는 백업)과 장기적인 도심을 방지하는 것입니다. 각 섹션의 크기와 모양이 유입 흐름의 볼륨 및 속도와 세심하게 일치하지 않을 경우 발생할 수 있는 구조적 손상입니다.
AECOM의 수석 기술 전문가인 라이언 에디슨 컨설턴트는 계약의 스케줄링 요구 사항이 유효성 검사를 위해서는, 단 하나의 모델에만 물리적 건물과 테스트 활동을 제한할 것이라는 것을 알게되었습니다. 다른 주요 건설 프로젝트에 15년간 FLOW-3D 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어를 사용해 왔기 때문에, 난류, 과전압 및 에너지 낭비를 예측하는 능력은 충분하지 않고 디자인 프로젝트에 적합하다고 자신했습니다. 또한 여러 검증(what-if) 시나리오를 실행하기 위한 소프트웨어 옵션을 통해 설계 세부 사항을 다시 실행해야 하는 위험을 최소화할 수 있었습니다. 변경 사항이 적용될 경우 상당한 이점은 여러개의 병렬 시공 트랙이 있는 프로젝트에 있습니다.
시간 제약에도 불구하고, 에디슨은 특히 이 도전에 만족했습니다. 왜냐하면 “CFD로 드롭 구조 설계를 만들고 물리학에서 이것들은 너무 큰 구조이기 때문입니다.”라고 그는 말합니다. 그것들은 CFD는 실제로 사용되지 않는데 보통 물리적 모델이나 손으로 계산하는 것으로 이루어집니다.
DRTC 프로젝트를 위해서, 그는 먼저 시뮬레이션된 작동 조건에 대해서 컴퓨터 설계를 테스트할 것입니다. 에디슨은 3차원의 일시적이고 격동적인 흐름 조건을 모델링 할 수 있는 소프트웨어 패키지인 FLOW-3D를 사용했습니다. 각 설계에 대한 계산 메쉬를 변경하지 않고도 여러 설계 지오 메트리를 모델링 할 수 있는 기능이였습니다.
시뮬레이션 데이터로 무장한 에디슨은 그 결과를 아이오와 대학교 II. 시설에서 시험한 1:10 크기의 물리적 모델의 작동 데이터와 비교하였습니다. (후자는 원래 아이오와 유압 연구소라고 불렸지만, 지금은 그룹의 다양한 범위를 반영하여 IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering으로 알려져 있습니다.)
Zeroing in on the Drop-Structure Challenge
드롭 구조 과제에서 영점 조정
가장 제한적인 DRTC 사이트의 지오 메트리는 CSO 008로 지정된 레귤레이터에서 발생합니다. 기존 CSO 레귤레이터(기울기 약 75피트 아래)를 새 18피트 직경의 수집 터널과 연결하려면, 이 위치에서 150피트 이상의 수직 방향 주행이 필요합니다. 각 낙하 구조에 7백만달러 이상이 소요되는 경우, 프로젝트 관리자들은 물리적 모델이 구축된 후 비용과 시간이 많이 소요되는 재설계가 필요한 가능성을 낮추려고 애썼습니다.
역사적으로 낙하 구조는 이전 프로젝트를 적용하여 설계된 후 축소 모델로 구축되었으며, 테스트만으로도 6개월 이상이 소요될 수 있습니다. 가속화된 이 프로젝트에서, 2009년 가을에 시작한 AECOM의 초기 과제는 두가지 표준 개념 중에서 하나를 선택하는 것이었습니다. 포장-파운드 스타일과 접선 vortex버전, 둘 다 시속 35마일의 폭풍이 몰아치는 물 속에서 속도를 늦추고 통제하기 위해서 직접 계산 및 FLOW-3D에서 결정한 일반 구조 직경 및 구성 요소 크기를 사용한 초기 CFD분석으로, AECOM은 시공 가능성 및 비용 고려 사항을 평가하는 데 사용했습니다.
CSO 008의 현장 요구 사항과 비용 효율성을 고려할 때, 시 당국과 AECOM은 접선 소용돌이 낙하 구조를 선택했습니다. 이 설계의 핵심 요소는 흐름을 먼저 환상적인 제트로 유도한 다음, vortex 유도 나선형 흐름을 생성하는 테이퍼(확대) 접근 채널에 의해 공급되는 수직 튜브(드롭 샤프트)입니다. 이 통제 된 하강은 속도가 느려지고 하루 3 억 갤런 (mgd) 이상에 이르는 흐름을 안전하게 처리합니다. 스토리지 터널의 파괴적인 난류를 방지하는 것이 핵심 목표이므로 드롭 샤프트 흐름의 사전 차단이 설계의 핵심입니다.
구조 자체는 6 개의 주요 부분으로 구성됩니다. 1) 접근 채널 (기존의 하수 터널에서 나온 것), 2) 수평 흐름을 넓히고 수직 드롭 샤프트로 수평 흐름을 전달하는 직사각형 전이 테이퍼 채널, 3) 드롭 샤프트 자체 4) 탈 기실 (유량을 수평 방향으로 방향을 바꾸고 공기 유입을 감소시키는), 5) 수직 공기 배출구를 통해 낙하에서 유입 된 공기를 제거하고 적하 유체의 공기 코어가 열려 있고 6) 탈기 챔버와 저장 터널 챔버를 연결하는 파이프 (adit) (그림 2).
Fig. 2. CAD diagram of proposed Indianapolis DRTC combined sewage overflow (CSO) vertical drop structure, showing approach channel, taper channel and vortex dropshaft. Using FLOW-3D CFD analysis software, AECOM simulated the flow behavior, gaining confidence in the system performance prior to physical model testing. (Image courtesy AECOM)
Prediction of Shrinkage Defects During Investment Casting Process
This article was contributed by Dr. S. Savithri, Senior Principal Scientist at CSIR-NIIST
인베스트먼트 주조공정은 가장 오래된 주조 공정 중 하나로 기원전 4000년 이후에 보편화되었습니다. 이 과정은 용해된 금속을 소모품패턴으로 생성된 세라믹 쉘에 주입하는 과정을 수반합니다. 일찍이 그것은 금, 은, 구리와 청동 합금으로 장신구와 우상을 만드는데 사용되었습니다.
인베스트먼트 주조공정은 1897년 아이오와 주, 위원회 블러프스의 Barabas Frederick Philbrook이 묘사한 대로 치과의사들이 왕관과 인레이를 만들기 위해 그것을 사용하기 시작한 19세기 말 현대 산업공정으로 사용되기 시작했다. 1940년대에는 제2차 세계대전 당시 기존 방법으로는 형성될 수 없거나 지나치게 많은 가공이 필요한 특수 합금의 정밀 순모형 제조 기술에 대한 수요로 인해 투자 주조 공정이 증가하였다.
오늘날 투자 주조 공정은 표면 마감 및 치수 정확도가 우수하여 거의 순 형태에 가까운 철, 비철 및 초합금의 소형 산업용 부품을 생산하는데 주로 사용됩니다.
인베스트먼트 주조 공정은 다음 네 가지 주요 단계로 구성됩니다.
Figure 1. Solid model of the casting geometry
인베스트먼트 주조 공정에서 얻은 부품은 많은 중요한 용도에 사용되므로 내부적인 결함이 없어야 합니다. 투자 주조 공정에서 발생하는 주요 결함은 세라믹 포함, 균열, 변형, 플래시, 주탕불량, 수축, 슬래그 포함, 탕경계등입니다. 얻은 주조물의 품질을 예측하려면 금속-몰드 열 전달계수, 주입 온도 등 다양한 주조 공정 매개 변수의 영향을 연구해야 합니다. 즉, 쉘 두께 및 쉘 열 전달계수가 그것입니다. 현대 컴퓨터 시스템 및 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어의 출현과 함께 금형 충진 및 응고 시뮬레이션은 주조공장에서 결함을 예측하고 설계를 최적화하는데 점점 더 많이 사용되고 있습니다.
이 연구의 주요 목적은 투자 주조 공정에서 주요 요소인 복사 열 전달과 인베스트먼트 주조공정에 고유한 쉘 금형이 FLOW-3D에서 효과적으로 구현될 수 있는지를 조사하는 것입니다. FLOW-3D를 사용하여 간단한 형상을 위한 인베스트먼트 주조공정의 주입 및 응고 시뮬레이션을 수행함으로써 두 구성요소의 서로 다른 효과를 조사합니다. 다양한 위치에서 얻은 온도의 수치는 문헌 [1]에보고 된 실험 결과로 검증됩니다. 복사 열 전달계수, 쉘 몰드 두께, 탕구 및 게이트의 위치에 대한 영향도 조사했습니다.
Figure 2. Shell mold
Methodology
현재 연구에서 사용된 계산 형상은 그림 1에 나와 있습니다. 쉘 몰드는 다음 단계를 사용하여 작성되었습니다.
Figure 3. The view of the two mesh blocks for the creation of a void with discretization
쉘 몰드 용 STL 파일을 만든 후 파일을 구성 요소 1로 새 시뮬레이션으로 가져오고 이전에 작성한 주조 형상을 하위 구성 요소로 가져오고 유형을 ‘hole’으로 선택합니다. 쉘 몰드와 함께 주조 형상이 그림 2에 나와 있습니다. 이것은 우리의 계산 영역으로 사용됩니다. 다음은 계산 영역을 cubical/rectangular셀로 분할하기 위한 메쉬를 만드는 것입니다. 메쉬 블록을 작성하여 FLOW-3D에서 메쉬를 생성합니다. 현재의 작업을 위해 우리는 2.5mm의 고정된 셀 크기가 선택된 그림 3에 표시된 균일한 메쉬 옵션을 선택했습니다. 입력 위치 주변에 메시 블록 2가 사용되는 현재 시뮬레이션을 위해 메시 블록 2개가 생성되었습니다. 쉘과 주변 공기 사이의 30°C에서의 열 전달을 고려하여 쉘 주위에 보이드 영역이 정의됩니다. 이 영역은 ‘열 전달 유형 1’이 있는 보이드 영역으로 선택되며 셸과 주변 공기 사이에 열 전달 계수 값이 지정됩니다. 열 전달 유형 1은 방사선을 포함한 종합 열 전달 계수가 됩니다.
쉘 주형에 선택된 재료는 zircon이며 열 특성은 Sabau and Vishwanathan에 의해 수행된 실험에서 얻을 수 있습니다[2]. 표 1은 연구에 사용된 재료에 대해 지정된 값을 보여 줍니다.
| MATERIAL | PROPERTY | VALUE | UNIT |
| Fluid –AluminiumA356
alloy |
Density | 2437 | kg/m³ |
| Thermal conductivity | 116.8 | W/(mK) | |
| Specific heat | 1074 | J/(kgK) | |
| Latent heat | 433.22 | kJ/m³ | |
| Liquidus temperature | 608 | °C | |
| Solidus temperature | 552.4 | °C | |
| Zircon Mold | Thermal conductivity | 1.09 | W/(mK) |
| Specific heat* Density | 1.63E+06 | J/( m³K) |
Initial and boundary conditions used are show in Table 2.
| Mold temperature | 430°C |
| Melt pouring temperature | 680°C |
| Filling time | 7 s |
| Interface heat transfer coefficient | 850 W/m2K |
| Heat transfer coefficient between ambient and mold (radiation effect) | 30 -100 W/m2K |
Table 2. Initial and boundary conditions used for the simulation
탕구저에 들어가는 용융물의 초기 속도와 온도는 메시 블록 2의 상단 경계에서 속도 경계 조건으로 주어집니다. 기본적으로 다른 모든 경계는 대칭 유형으로 설정됩니다.
Results & Discussion
Validation with reported experimental results
충전 및 응고 동안 냉각 곡선을 얻기 위한 실험에서 Sabuet.al[1]에 의해 선택된 네 개의 위치가 검증 목적으로 사용되었습니다. 그들은 C1, C2, S11, S12및 S21로 언급됩니다. C1과 C2지점은 주물의 플레이트의 중심에 있으며 S11, S12및 S21은 모두 쉘에 위치합니다. 이러한 위치에서의 온도 변화는 그림 4와 같습니다.
온도 프로파일의 수치 및 실험결과의 차이가 허용한계 안에 있음을 알 수 있습니다. 프로브 포인트 C1과 C2의 경우, 수치와 실험 결과 사이의 차이는 응고 중에 5%, 응고 후 냉각 시 12% 이내입니다. 쉘의 점에 대한 수치 결과는 실험 결과보다 약 5% 높습니다. 이는 쉘 재료에 열 물리학적 특성을 할당할 때 발생하는 가정과 쉘 열 전달 계수의 값 때문일 수 있습니다.
Fill sequence & solidification pattern for two different sprue locations
두 가지 다른 스프 루 위치의 채우기 순서 및 응고 패턴
2 개의 상이한 탕구 위치에 주물충전 순서는5a 및5b에 나와 있습니다. 최종 탕구가 더 많은 스플라인을 생성하므로 결함으로 이어질 수 있습니다. 탕구가 중간에 놓여지면 흐름은 보다 균일 해지고 두 주조 단면에서 비슷한 온도 분포를 보입니다. 50 % 응고 후의 온도 프로파일의 2D 도면은 두 경우 모두 그림 5c 및 5d에 나와 있습니다. 수축 위치에서 볼 때 두 탕구 위치가 결함을 일으키는 것은 분명합니다.
Figure 5a. Fill sequence at different time intervals when the sprue is located at one end
Figure 5b. Fill sequence at different time intervals when the sprue is located in the middle
Figure 5c. 2D temperature profile after 50% solidification when the sprue is located at one end
Figure 5d. 2D temperature profile after 50% solidification when the sprue is located in the middle
Effect of shell thickness
인베스트먼트 주조에 대한 쉘 두께의 효과를 연구하기 위해 두께가 7.2, 10, 15 및 20 mm인 주물을 선정하였습니다. 그림 6a 및 6b는 주조품의 특정 위치에서 냉각 곡선을 나타내며, 이는 C1으로 나타내고 쉘 몰드 내의 특정 위치에 있으며, 응고 중에 S11로 나타납니다. 세라믹 쉘의 두께가 7.2 mm에서 15 mm로 증가하면 냉각 속도가 감소하여 응고 시간이 길어지는 것을 볼 수 있습니다.
Effect of shell heat transfer coefficient
셸 열 전달 계수는 열이 셸 금형의 외부 벽에서 방사선을 통해 주변 공기로 열을 방출하는 속도를 나타냅니다. 이 효과를 조사하기 위해 열 전달 계수의 값을 20에서 80W/m2K까지 다양하게 했습니다. 7a 및 7b로부터, h의 변화는 주조 재료 및 쉘의 냉각 속도에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있습니다. 열 전달 계수가 20에서 80W/m2K로 증가하면 C1에서의 응고 시간이 812 초에서 334 초 (약 44 %)로 감소되었음을 알 수 있습니다. 따라서, h의 값을 변화시키는 것은 주물의 미세 구조에 영향을 미칩니다.
Figure 6a. Temperature profile at location C1 (casting) for the casting geometry where the sprue is located at one end for various shell thickness values
F
Figure 6b. Temperature profile at location S11 (shell) for the casting geometry where the sprue is located at one end for various shell thickness values
Figure 7a. Temperature profile at location C1 (casting) for the casting geometry where the sprue is located at one end for various heat transfer coefficient values between the shell mold & ambient
Figure 7b. Temperature profile at location S11 (shell) for the casting geometry where the sprue is located at one end for various heat transfer coefficient values between the shell mold & ambient
Conclusions
인베스트먼트 주조 공정의 몰드 충진 및 응고 시뮬레이션은 FLOW-3D를 사용하여 수행되었습니다. 주조 공정에 대한 주조 매개변수의 영향을 연구하기 위해 파라메트릭 연구가 수행되었습니다. 본 연구에서 다음과 같은 결론을 도출 할 수 있습니다.
References
Sabau, A.S., Numerical Simulation of the Investment Casting Process, Transactions of the American Foundry Society, vol. 113, Paper No. 05-160, 2005.
Sabau, A.S., and Viswanathan, S., Thermophysical Properties of Zircon and Fused Silica-based Shells used in the Investment Casting Process, Transactions of the American Foundry Society, vol. 112, Paper No. 04-081, 2004.
Design and CFD Analysis
설계 및 CFD분석
일반적인 소용돌이 설계는 널리 받아들여지고 있지만, 각 낙하 구조는 최적의 접선 흐름 특성을 보장하기 위해 인디애나 폴리스의 위상에 맞는 적절한 크기를 가져야 했습니다. 특히, 가능한 설계에 대한 AECOM의 계획은 세가지 목표를 가지고 있었습니다. 결합된 접근법과 테이퍼 채널을 짧은 길이로 제한하는 현장, 고유의 제약이 있었는지를 결정합니다. 허용 가능하지만 접근 방식에서 과도한 난류 조건이 발생하지 않았습니다. 테이퍼 채널에 안정적인 흐름 조건이 존재하는지 확인하고 다양한 흐름 조건에서 흐름 안정성을 평가했고, 논리적 기준점은 밀워키 인라인 스토리지 프로젝트라고 불리는 잘 알려지고 문서화된 시스템이었습니다.
Edison은 DRTC 프로젝트 규모에 맞춰 H-4로 지정된 Milwaukee 드롭 구조 설계를 기반으로 초기 설계를 기반으로했습니다.
166 피트의 기본 낙하 길이를 포함하고 체적 유량, 벽, 대칭 및 기타 초기 매개 변수를 지정하는 FLOW-3D 분석을 설정합니다.
그는 우리가 CFD를 통해 발견한 것은 밀워키에서 이 디자인을 사용하면 우리의 어플리케이션에 잘 맞지 않는다는 것이라고 말합니다. FLOW-3D는 이것을 보여 주고 있었기 때문에 CFD를 사용하여 변형을 시도하고 우리의 수정된 디자인을 고안했습니다.
더 넓은 접근 경로, 더 넓은 테이퍼 및/또는 더 깊은 테이퍼 깊이를 사용한 수정은 에디슨은 FLOW-3D에서 각 변동 사항을 설정하는 것이 매우 빠르다고 말합니다. (그림 3,4,5). 개선의 진전은 고무적이었습니다. 시뮬레이션 결과의 높은 수준은 심지어 절삭(침식)을 개선하기 위해 드롭 축의 바닥에 의문스러운 플레이트가 수직 흐름이 수평으로 전환되는 난류 분리 및 감소가되도록 기능을 추가하도록 설득했습니다.
Figs. 3, 4 and 5. Tangential drop structure flow simulated with FLOW-3D. Structure dimensions were optimized through multiple design iterations. (Image courtesy AECOM)
9번째 설계 변동에 대한 FLOW-3D 출력 동작인 V9는 접근 섹션을 확장했으며, 모든 흐름 볼륨 레벨에서 300mg/d까지 양호한 흐름 안정성을 보였으며 유압식 점프는 없었습니다. 그리고 양호한 Froude numners(유체 움직임에 미치는 중력의 영향을 나타내기 위해 사용되는 치수 없는 수량), 2010년 2월부터 AECOM이 물리적 시험과 검증을 위해 선택하였습니다(그림 6). 그 계획은 아이오와 연구소의 시험 결과에 기초하여 CFD와 최적화를 추가하는 것이였습니다.
Fig. 6. Scale model (1:10) of vertical drop structure, tested at University of Iowa IIHR Hydroscience & Engineering facility. (Image courtesy AECOM)
에디슨은 V9에서 결정된 치수 매개 변수에 대해 그 디자인을 아이오와 주에 가져가서 CFD를 이용해 만들었는데 완벽하게 작동했습니다. (II.)직원들은 실제로 무언가를 설치한 것은 이번이 처음이며, 변경하라고 말할 만한 것이 아무것도 없다고 말했습니다. 측정된 데이터는 드롭 샤프트 연결 구조 내의 수면 높이, Adit내 공기 침투의 정량, 벤트 샤프트 위로 공기 흐름을 포함했습니다. 흐름이 증가함에 따라 와류량이 증가함에 따라 축 벽에 부착되어 탈산소까지 원활하게 회전하는 모습이 포착되었습니다(그림 7).
에디슨은 후속 실험을 위해 여러번 시험장을 돌아다녔습니다. 물리적 모델이 처음부터 올바르게 작동했기 때문에 시험 프로그램을 확장할 시간이 있었습니다. “재미 있는 것은 환기구를 움직이는 것과 같이 우리가 궁금했던 것들을 탐구해서 지적으로 그것을 가지고 놀 시간이 있었다는 것입니다.” 에디슨은 예정보다 앞서 있었기 때문에 잔여 프로젝트 시간을 이용해 탈염소와 adit 내의 유압 장치를 조사할 수 있었습니다.
Fig. 7. Operation of scale-model vertical drop structure, showing test run of 300 million gallons per day (mgd). Flow vortex development shows good rotation and attachment to the shaft wall all the way down to the de-aeration chamber. No design modifications were necessary to the simulated design. (Image courtesy AECOM)
Final Results
AECOM은 2010년 7월 DRTC에 대한 전반적인 작업을 마쳤습니다. 2013년 3월부터 18구경 터널을 굴착하기 시작했고, CSO드롭 구조 3개(CFD로 설계된 나머지 2개의 구조물만 있음)는 모두 현재 공사 중입니다.
에디슨의 의견으로는, 토목 공학은 전체적으로 CFD를 채택하는 데 느린 편이었습니다. 이를 입증하기 위해 그는 인천 국제 공항을 처음 방문한 당시 접선 소용돌이 모형의 소위 “묘지”에서 본것을 기술했습니다. 그러나 그는 이들을 다시 처리해야 했다고 말했습니다. 그는 유압 설계를 위한 시뮬레이션 사용으로 판매되는 것을 권장하고 있습니다.
에디슨은 DRTC노력을 요약하면서 “정말 재미 있었습니다. 물리적 모델링이 필요한 위치에 대해 더 자세히 알아보았고, 그렇다면 어떤 경우에는 순수한 RAID기반 설계를 수행할 수 있습니다. 많은 DRTC작업들이 그것의 증거입니다. 물리적 모델은 실제로 필요하지 않았지만 검증을 통해 위험을 줄일 수 있었습니다. 프로젝트에서 이 두가지를 모두 수행할 수 있었다는 것은 믿을 수 없는 일입니다.”라고 말했습니다.
This article first appeared in WaterWorld Magazine.
레이저 파우더 베드 퓨전 (L-PBF) 첨가제 제조에는 복잡한 물리적 공정이 필요합니다. 특히, 흡수 된 레이저 빔 에너지는 입자를 녹여 강한 유체 흐름이 표면 장력 기울기 (또는 Marangoni 전단 응력)에 의해 주로 발생하는 용융 풀을 형성합니다. 열 전달 및 유체 유동은 분말 베드 내의 분말 입자의 국부적 배열에 의해 영향을 받으며, 이는 위치에 따라 다를 수 있습니다. 매우 일시적인 유체 흐름으로 인해 용융 된 풀 표면 (자유 표면)의 형상이 끊임없이 진화하여 최종 표면 품질에 영향을 미칩니다.
본 연구에서는 분말 포장 특성, 공정 변수 및 용융 풀 역학이 표면 품질에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 이해하기 위해 두 가지 모델을 순서대로 사용합니다. 첫 번째 모델은 오픈 소스 이산 요소 방법 (DEM) 코드 인 Yade를 기반으로 개발 된 분말 입자 포장 모델입니다. 입자 적층 정보 (예를 들어, 개별 입자의 위치 및 반경)를 제공한다. 이러한 정보는 FLOW-3D를 기반으로 한 3D 과도 용융 풀 모델 인 두 번째 모델에 입력됩니다. 두 모델의 세부 사항은 문헌 [1]에 나와있다. FLOW-3D를 기반으로 한 용융 풀 모델의 특징을 요약하면 다음과 같습니다.
과도 유체 흐름 시뮬레이션은 그림 1에서와 같이 1000 μm (길이), 270 μm (너비) 및 190 μm (높이) 치수의 3D 계산 영역에서 수행됩니다. 도메인은 50 μm 두께의 층 의 분말 입자를 90㎛ 두께의 기판 위에 놓았다. 도메인의 미리 알림은 처음에는 무효로 채워집니다. 분말 층 형상은 DEM 시뮬레이션의 결과를 사용하여 초기화됩니다. 총 셀 수를 줄이면서 공간 분해능을 극대화하기 위해 메쉬 크기가 기판 / 파우더 레이어 인터페이스를 향하여 기판에서 9 μm에서 3 μm까지 연속적으로 감소하는 편향 메쉬가 사용됩니다. 메쉬 크기는 파우더 레이어와 그 위의 빈 공간에서 3 μm로 일정하게 유지됩니다. 총 셀 수는 143 만입니다.
경계 조건의 경우, 가우시안 분포에 기초한 소정의 열유속이 분말 층의 상부 표면에 부과되어 X 방향을 따라 이동하는 레이저로부터의 열 입력을 나타낸다. 온도에 따른 표면 장력은 FLOW-3D에서 사용 가능한 개선 된 표면 장력 모델을 사용하여 포함됩니다. 다른 열 – 물리적 특성의 경우, FLOW-3D 데이터베이스에서 사용 가능한 IN718 합금에 대한 데이터가 사용됩니다.
약 600 마이크로 초 길이의 L-PBF의 과도 시뮬레이션은 약 40 시간의 클럭 시간이 소요되었으며 인텔 ® 제온 ® 프로세서 E5335 및 4GB RAM의 중간 정도급의 워크 스테이션에서 수행되었습니다.
그림 2는 시간 = 55 μs에서 용융 풀 내의 온도 등면 및 속도 벡터의 종단면도 (즉, 레이저 이동 방향에 평행 한 단면)를 도시한다. 용융 된 풀 경계는 1608.15 K에서 등온선으로 표시되며, IN718의 액상 선 온도입니다. 이 그림의 오른쪽에 표시된 것처럼 입자는 부분적으로 용융 풀로 용융됩니다. 용융 된 풀 표면 근처에서, 용융 금속은 레이저 빔 바로 밑의 중심 위치에서 풀의 후단으로 당겨진다. 풀 표면 근처의 용융 금속의 이와 같은 역류는 풀의 후단을 향해 고비를 형성하는 동안 레이저 빔 아래에서 움푹 들어간 표면 프로파일을 생성한다. 다음에서 논의되는 바와 같이, 혹 모양은 볼 결함의 형성을 초래할 수 있습니다.
볼링(balling)은 그림 3에서와 같이 용융 풀이 불연속으로 분리되어 분리 된 섬으로 갈라질 때 발생할 수있는 결함입니다.이 그림에서 알 수 있듯이 레이저 빔 바로 아래의 용융 풀은 안정적이지 않으며 후단이 빠르게 분리됩니다 정면에서 분리 된 섬을 형성합니다. 분리는 그림 3 (c)와 같이 용융 풀의 중간에있는 보이드에서 시작된다. 이 공극은 레이저가 앞으로 계속 이동하면서 팽창하여 결국 용융 된 풀을 두 부분으로 나눕니다. 도 3 (e) 및 (f). 공극의 형성과 그 팽창은 표면 장력 구배 (Marangoni 효과)에 의해 강한 후진 유동에 의해 유발됩니다.
L-PBF에서의 열 전달 및 유체 흐름의 3D 과도 시뮬레이션은 볼 결함의 형성을 정량적으로 이해하기 위해 수행됩니다. 단순한 선형 트랙 만 시뮬레이션되었지만, 본 모델은 최종 빌드 품질의 중요한 속성 인 용융 풀 표면 프로파일 및 볼링 결함 형성을 연구 할 때 분말 레벨 시뮬레이션의 중요성을 보여줍니다.
뿐만 아니라 위의 금속 분말 소결 시뮬레이션은 금속 3D 프린팅(Metal 3D Printing) 산업의 핵심 기술이며 차후 많은 연구와 응용이 기대되는 분야가 될 것입니다.
이 자료는 수상 번호 N00014-14-1-0688하에 미해군 연구소(ONR)가 지원하는 연구과제에 기초로 작성되었습니다.
[1] Y.S. Lee and W. Zhang, Mesoscopic Simulation of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Laser Powder Bed Additive Manufacturing, In: 2015 Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, pp. 1154-1165, August 2015.
다음은 적층 제조 및 용접 참고 문헌의 기술 문서 모음입니다. 이 모든 논문에는 FLOW-3D AM 결과가 나와 있습니다. FLOW-3D AM을 사용하여 적층 제조, 레이저 용접 및 기타 용접 기술에서 발견되는 프로세스를 성공적으로 시뮬레이션하는 방법에 대해 자세히 알아보십시오.
2024년 11월 20일 update
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3-24 Kunjie Dai, Xing He, Decheng Kong, Chaofang Dong, Multi-physical field simulation to yield defect-free IN718 alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion, Materials Letters, 355; 135437, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2023.135437
2-24 You Wang, Yinkai Xie, Huaixue Li, Caiyou Zeng, Ming Xu, Hongqiang Zhang, In-situ monitoring plume, spattering behavior and revealing their relationship with melt flow in laser powder bed fusion of nickel-based superalloy, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 177; pp. 44-58, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2023.07.068
1-24 Yukai Chen, Hongtu Xu, Yu Lu, Yin Wang, Shuangyuzhou Wang, Ke Huang, Qi Zhang, Prediction of microstructure for Inconel 718 laser welding process using multi-scale model, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity – Current Trends in the Technology of Plasticity, pp. 713-722, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41341-4_75
211-23 Giovanni Chianese, Qamar Hayat, Sharhid Jabar, Pasquale Franciosa, Darek Ceglarek, Stanislao Patalano, A multi-physics CFD study to investigate the impact of laser beam shaping on metal mixing and molten pool dynamics during laser welding of copper to steel for battery terminal-to-casing connections, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 322; 118202, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2023.118202
207-23 Dong Liu, Jiaqi Pei, Hua Hou, Xiaofeng Niu, Yuhong Zhao, Optimizing solidification dendrites and process parameters for laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of GH3536 superalloy by finite volume and phase-field method, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 27; pp. 3323-3338, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.10.188
206-23 Houshang Yin, Jingfan Yang, Ralf D. Fischer, Zilong Zhang, Bart Prorok, Lang Yuan, Xiaoyuan Lou, Pulsed laser additive manufacturing for 316L stainless steel: a new approach to control subgrain cellular structure, JOM, 75; pp. 5027-5036, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s11837-023-06177-8
205-23 Francis Ogoke, William Lee, Ning-Yu Kao, Alexander Myers, Jack Beuth, Jonathan Malen, Amir Barati Farimani, Convolutional neural networks for melt depth prediction and visualization in laser powder bed fusion, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 129; pp. 3047-3062, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-12384-z
202-23 Habib Hamed Zargari, Kazuhiro Ito, Abhay Sharma, Effect of workpiece vibration frequency on heat distribution and material flow in the molten pool in tandem-pulsed gas metal arc welding, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 129; pp. 2507-2522, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-12424-8
199-23 Yukai Chen, Yin Wang, Hao Li, Yu Lu, Bin Han, Qi Zhang, Effects of process parameters on the microstructure of Inconel 718 during powder bed fusion based on cellular automata approach, Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 18.1; e2251032, 2023. doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2023.2251032
197-23 Qiong Wu, Chuang Qiao, Yuhang Wu, Zhe Liu, Xiaodan Li, Ju Wang, Xizhong An, Aijun Huang, Chao Voon Samuel Lim, Numerical investigation on the reuse of recycled powders in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing, 77; 103821, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103821
196-23 Daicong Zhang, Chunhui Jing, Wei Guo, Yuan Xiao, Jun Luo, Lehua Qi, Microchannels formed using metal microdroplets, Micromachines, 14.10; 1922, 2023. doi.org/10.3390/mi14101922
195-23 Trong-Nhan Le, Santosh Rauniyar, V.H. Nismath, Kevin Chou, An investigation into the effects of contouring process parameters on the up-skin surface characteristics in laser powder-bed fusion process, Manufacturing Letters, 35; Supplement, pp. 707-716, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2023.08.085
194-23 Kyubok Lee, Teresa J. Rinker, Masoud M. Pour, Wayne Cai, Wenkang Huang, Wenda Tan, Jennifer Bracey, Jingjing Li, A study on cracks and IMCs in laser welding of Al and Cu, Manufacturing Letters, 35; Supplement, pp. 221-231, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2023.08.026
192-23 Kunjie Dai, Xing He, Wei Zhang, Decheng Kong, Rong Guo, Minlei Hu, Ketai He, Chaofang Dong, Tailoring the microstructure and mechanical properties for Hastelloy X alloy by laser powder bed fusion via scanning strategy, Materials & Design, 235; 112386, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112386
191-23 Jun Du, Daqing Wang, Jimiao He, Yongheng Zhang, Zhike Peng, Influence of droplet size and ejection frequency on molten pool dynamics and deposition morphology in TIG-aided droplet deposition manufacturing, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 148; 107075, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2023.107075
188-23 Jin-Hyeong Park, Du-Song Kim, Dae-Won Cho, Jaewoong Kim, Changmin Pyo, Influence of thermal flow and predicting phase transformation on various welding positions, Heat and Mass Transfer, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s00231-023-03429-w
184-23 Lin Gao, Jishnu Bhattacharyya, Wenhao Lin, Zhongshu Ren, Andrew C. Chuang, Pavel D. Shevchenko, Viktor Nikitin, Ji Ma, Sean R. Agnew, Tao Sun, Tailoring material microstructure and property in wire-laser directed energy deposition through a wiggle deposition strategy, Additive Manufacturing, 77; 103801, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103801
182-23 Liping Guo, Hanjie Liu, Hongze Wang, Qianglong Wei, Jiahui Zhang, Yingyan Chen, Chu Lun Alex Leung, Qing Lian, Yi Wu, Yu Zou, Haowei Wang, A high-fidelity comprehensive framework for the additive manufacturing printability assessment, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 105; pp. 219-231, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.09.041
172-23 Liping Guo, Hanjie Liu, Hongze Wang, Qianglong Wei, Yakai Xiao, Zijue Tang, Yi Wu, Haowei Wang, Identifying the keyhole stability and pore formation mechanisms in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 321; 118153, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2023.118153
171-23 Yuhang Wu, Qiong Wu, Meng Li, Ju Wang, Dengzhi Yao, Hao Luo, Xizhong An, Haitao Fu, Hao Zhang, Xiaohong Yang, Qingchuan Zou, Shujun Li, Haibin Ji, Xing Zhang, Numerical investigation on effects of operating conditions and final dimension predictions in laser powder bed fusion of molybdenum, Additive Manufacturing, 76; 103783, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103783
158-23 K. El Abbaoui, I. Al Korachi, M.T. Mollah, J. Spangenberg, Numerical modelling of planned corner deposition in 3D concrete printing, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, 121.2; pp. 71-79, 2023. doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8488
156-23 Liping Guo, Hanjie Liu, Hongze Wang, Valentino A.M. Cristino, C.T. Kwok, Qianglong Wei, Zijue Tang, Yi Wu, Haowei Wang, Deepening the scientific understanding of different phenomenology in laser powder bed fusion by an integrated framework, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 216; 124596, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124596
154-23 Zhiyong Li, Xiuli He, Shaoxia Li, Xinfeng Kan, Yanjun Yin, Gang Yu, Sulfur-induced transitions of thermal behavior and flow dynamics in laser powder bed fusion of 316L powders, Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 45; 102072, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102072
149-23 Shardul Kamat, Wayne Cai, Teresa J. Rinker, Jennifer Bracey, Liang Xi, Wenda Tan, A novel integrated process-performance model for laser welding of multi-layer battery foils and tabs, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 320; 118121, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2023.118121
148-23 Reza Ghomashchi, Shahrooz Nafisi, Solidification of Al12Si melt pool in laser powder bed fusion, Journal of Materials En gineering and Performance, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08502-3
133-23 Hesam Moghadasi, Md Tusher Mollah, Deepak Marla, Hamid Saffari, Jon Spangenberg, Computational fluid dynamics modeling of top-down digital light processing additive manufacturing, Polymers, 15.11; 2459, 2023. doi.org/10.3390/polym15112459
131-23 Luca Santoro, Raffaella Sesana, Rosario Molica Nardo, Francesca Curà, In line defect detection in steel welding process by means of thermography, Experimental Mechanics in Engineering and Biomechanics – Proceedings ICEM20, 19981, 2023.
128-23 Md Tusher Mollah, Raphaël Comminal, Wilson Ricardo Leal da Silva, Berin Šeta, Jon Spangenberg, Computational fluid dynamics modelling and experimental analysis of reinforcement bar integration in 3D concrete printing, Cement and Concrete Research, 173; 107263, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107263
123-23 Arash Samaei, Zhongsheng Sang, Jennifer A. Glerum, Jon-Erik Mogonye, Gregory J. Wagner, Multiphysics modeling of mixing and material transport in additive manufacturing with multicomponent powder beds, Additive Manufacturing, 67; 103481, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103481
122-23 Chu Han, Ping Jiang, Shaoning Geng, Lingyu Guo, Kun Liu, Inhomogeneous microstructure distribution and its formation mechanism in deep penetration laser welding of medium-thick aluminum-lithium alloy plates, Optics & Laser Technology, 167; 109783, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2023.109783
111-23 Alexander J. Myers, Guadalupe Quirarte, Francis Ogoke, Brandon M. Lane, Syed Zia Uddin, Amir Barati Farimani, Jack L. Beuth, Jonathan A. Malen, High-resolution melt pool thermal imaging for metals additive manufacturing using the two-color method with a color camera, Additive Manufacturing, 73; 103663, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103663
107-23 M. Mohsin Raza, Yu-Lung Lo, Hua-Bin Lee, Chang Yu-Tsung, Computational modeling of laser welding for aluminum–copper joints using a circular strategy, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 25; pp. 3350-3364, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.06.122
106-23 H.Z. Lu, L.H. Liu, X. Luo, H.W. Ma, W.S. Cai, R. Lupoi, S. Yin, C. Yang, Formation mechanism of heterogeneous microstructures and shape memory effect in NiTi shape memory alloy fabricated via laser powder bed fusion, Materials & Design, 232; 112107, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112107
105-23 Harun Kahya, Hakan Gurun, Gokhan Kucukturk, Experimental and analytical investigation of the re-melting effect in the manufacturing of 316L by direct energy deposition (DED) method, Metals, 13.6; 1144, 2023. doi.org/10.3390/met13061144
100-23 Dongju Chen, Gang Li, Peng Wang, Zhiqiang Zeng, Yuhang Tang, Numerical simulation of melt pool size and flow evolution for laser powder bed fusion of powder grade Ti6Al4V, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 223; 103971, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2023.103971
97-23 Mahyar Khorasani, Martin Leary, David Downing, Jason Rogers, Amirhossein Ghasemi, Ian Gibson, Simon Brudler, Bernard Rolfe, Milan Brandt, Stuart Bateman, Numerical and experimental investigations on manufacturability of Al–Si–10Mg thin wall structures made by LB-PBF, Thin-Walled Structures, 188; 110814, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2023.110814
95-23 M.S. Serdeczny, Laser welding of dissimilar materials – simulation driven optimization of process parameters, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1281; 012018, 2023. doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1281/1/012018
90-23 Lin Liu, Tubin Liu, Xi Dong, Min Huang, Fusheng Cao, Mingli Qin, Numerical simulation of thermal dynamic behavior and morphology evolution of the molten pool of selective laser melting BN/316L stainless steel composite, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08210-y
89-23 M. P. Serdeczny, A. Jackman, High fidelity modelling of bead geometry in directed energy deposition – simulation driven optimization, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, NOLAMP19, 2023.
88-23 Lu Wang, Shuhao Wang, Yanming Zhang, Wentao Yan, Multi-phase flow simulation of powder streaming in laser-based directed energy deposition, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 212; 124240, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124240
80-23 Mahyar Khorasani, AmirHossein Ghasemi, Martin Leary, David Downing, Ian Gibson, Elmira G. Sharabian, Jithin Kozuthala Veetil, Milan Brandt, Stuart Batement, Bernard Rolfe, Benchmark models for conduction and keyhole modes in laser-based powder bed fusion of Inconel 718, Optics & Laser Technology, 164; 109509, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2023.109509
78-23 Md. Tusher Mollah, Raphaël Comminal, Marcin P. Serdeczny, Berin Šeta, Jon Spangenberg, Computational analysis of yield stress buildup and stability of deposited layers in material extrusion additive manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing, 71; 103605, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103605
76-23 Asif Ur Rehman, Kashif Azher, Abid Ullah, Celal Sami Tüfekci, Metin Uymaz Salamci, Binder jetting of SS316L: a computational approach for droplet-powder interaction, Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2023. doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-08-2022-0264
75-23 Dengzhi Yao, Ju Wang, Hao Luo, Yuhang Wu, Xizhong An, Thermal behavior and control during multi-track laser powder bed fusion of 316 L stainless steel, Additive Manufacturing, 70; 103562, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103562
61-23 Yaqing Hou, Hang Su, Hao Zhang, Fafa Li, Xuandong Wang, Yazhou He, Dupeng He, An integrated simulation model towards laser powder bed fusion in-situ alloying technology, Materials & Design, 228; 111795, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111795
56-23 Maohong Yang, Guiyi Wu, Xiangwei Li, Shuyan Zhang, Honghong Wang, Jiankang Huang, Influence of heat source model on the behavior of laser cladding pool, Journal of Laser Applications, 35.2; 2023. doi.org/10.2351/7.0000963
45-23 Daniel Martinez, Philip King, Santosh Reddy Sama, Jay Sim, Hakan Toykoc, Guha Manogharan, Effect of freezing range on reducing casting defects through 3D sand-printed mold designs, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11112-x
39-23 Peter S. Cook, David J. Ritchie, Determining the laser absorptivity of Ti-6Al-4V during laser powder bed fusion by calibrated melt pool simulation, Optics & Laser Technology, 162; 109247. 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2023.109247
36-23 Yixuan Chen, Weihao Wang, Yao Ou, Yingna Wu, Zirong Zhai, Rui Yang, Impact of laser power and scanning velocity on microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 738LC alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion, TMS 2023 152nd Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, pp. 138-149, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22524-6_15
34-23 Chao Kang, Ikki Ikeda, Motoki Sakaguchi, Recoil and solidification of a paraffin droplet impacted on a metal substrate: Numerical study and experimental verification, Journal of Fluids and Structures, 118; 103839, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2023.103839
30-23 Fei Wang, Tiechui Yuan, Ruidi Li, Shiqi Lin, Zhonghao Xie, Lanbo Li, Valentino Cristino, Rong Xu, Bing liu, Comparative study on microstructures and mechanical properties of ultra ductility single-phase Nb40Ti40Ta20 refractory medium entropy alloy by selective laser melting and vacuum arc melting, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 942; 169065, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.169065
29-23 Haejin Lee, Yeonghwan Song, Seungkyun Yim, Kenta Aoyagi, Akihiko Chiba, Byoungsoo Lee, Influence of linear energy on side surface roughness in powder bed fusion electron beam melting process: Coupled experimental and simulation study, Powder Technology, 418; 118292, 2023.
27-23 Yinan Chen, Bo Li, Double-phase refractory medium entropy alloy NbMoTi via selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2419; 012074, 2023. doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2419/1/012074
23-23 Yunwei Gui, Kenta Aoyagi, Akihiko Chiba, Development of macro-defect-free PBF-EB-processed Ti–6Al–4V alloys with superior plasticity using PREP-synthesized powder and machine learning-assisted process optimization, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 864; 144595, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2023.144595
21-23 Tatsuhiko Sakai, Yasuhiro Okamoto, Nozomi Taura, Riku Saito, Akira Okada, Effect of scanning speed on molten metal behaviour under angled irradiation with a continuous-wave laser, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 313; 117866, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2023.117866
19-23 Gianna M. Valentino, Arunima Banerjee, Alexander lark, Christopher M. Barr, Seth H. Myers, Ian D. McCue, Influence of laser processing parameters on the density-ductility tradeoff in additively manufactured pure tantalum, Additive Manufacturing Letters, 4; 100117, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.addlet.2022.100117
15-23 Runbo Jiang, Zhongshu Ren, Joseph Aroh, Amir Mostafaei, Benjamin Gould, Tao Sun, Anthony D. Rollett, Quantifying equiaxed vs epitaxial solidification in laser melting of CMSX-4 single crystal superalloy, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 54; pp. 808-822, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s11661-022-06929-2
14-23 Nguyen Thi Tien, Yu-Lung Lo, M. Mohsin Raza, Cheng-Yen Chen, Chi-Pin Chiu, Optimization of processing parameters for pulsed laser welding of dissimilar metal interconnects, Optics & Laser Technology, 159; 109022, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.109022
9-23 Hou Yi Chia, Wentao Yan, High-fidelity modeling of metal additive manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing Technology: Design, Optimization, and Modeling, Ed. Kun Zhou, 2023.
8-23 Akash Aggarwal, Yung C. Shin, Arvind Kumar, Investigation of the transient coupling between the dynamic laser beam absorptance and the melt pool – vapor depression morphology in laser powder bed fusion process, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 201.2; 123663, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2022.123663
199-22 Md. Tusher Mollah, Raphaël Comminal, Marcin P. Serdeczny, David B. Pedersen, Jon Spangenberg, Numerical predictions of bottom layer stability in material extrusion additive manufacturing, JOM, 74; pp. 1096-1101, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-05035-9
198-22 Md. Tusher Mollah, Amirpasha Moetazedian, Andy Gleadall, Jiongyi Yan, Wayne Edgar Alphonso, Raphael Comminal, Berin Seta, Tony Lock, Jon Spangenberg, Investigation on corner precision at different corner angles in material extrusion additive manufacturing: An experimental and computational fluid dynamics analysis, Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, 2022.
197-22 Md. Tusher Mollah, Marcin P. Serdeczny, Raphaël Comminal, Berin Šeta, Marco Brander, David B. Pedersen, Jon Spangenberg, A numerical investigation of the inter-layer bond and surface roughness during the yield stress buildup in wet-on-wet material extrusion additive manufacturing, ASPE and euspen Summer Topical Meeting, 77, 2022.
182-22 Chan Kyu Kim, Dae-Won Cho, Seok Kim, Sang Woo Song, Kang Myung Seo, Young Tae Cho, High-throughput metal 3D printing pen enabled by a continuous molten droplet transfer, Advanced Science, 2205085, 2022. doi.org/10.1002/advs.202205085
180-22 Xu Kaikai, Gong Yadong, Zhang Qiang, Numerical simulation of dynamic analysis of molten pool in the process of direct energy deposition, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10271-7
179-22 Yasuhiro Okamoto, Nozomi Taura, Akira Okada, Study on laser drilling process of solid metal on its liquid, International Journal of Electrical Machining, 27; 2022. doi.org/10.2526/ijem.27.35
175-22 Lu Min, Xhi Xiaojie, Lu Peipei, Wu Meiping, Forming quality and wettability of surface texture on CuSn10 fabricated by laser powder bed fusion, AIP Advances, 12.12; 125114, 2022. doi.org/10.1063/5.0122076
174-22 Thinus Van Rhijn, Willie Du Preez, Maina Maringa, Dean Kouprianoff, An investigation into the optimization of the selective laser melting process parameters for Ti6Al4V through numerical modelling, JOM, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s11837-022-05608-2
171-22 Jonathan Yoshioka, Mohsen Eshraghi, Temporal evolution of temperature gradient and solidification rate in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing, Heat and Mass Transfer, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s00231-022-03318-8
170-22 Subin Shrestha and Kevin Chou, Residual heat effect on the melt pool geometry during the laser powder bed fusion process, Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 6.6; 153, 2022. doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6060153
169-22 Aryan Aryan, Obinna Chukwubuzo, Desmond Bourgeois, Wei Zhang, Hardness prediction by incorporating heat transfer and molten pool fluid flow in a mult-pass, multi-layer weld for onsite repair of Grade 91 steel, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information, DOE-OSU-0032067, 2022. doi.org/10.2172/1898594
158-22 Dafan Du, Lu Wang, Anping Dong, Wentao Yan, Guoliang Zhu, Baode Sun, Promoting the densification and grain refinement with assistance of static magnetic field in laser powder bed fusion, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 183; 103965, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2022.103965
157-22 Han Chu, Jiang Ping, Geng Shaoning, Liu Kun, Nucleation mechanism in oscillating laser welds of 2024 aluminium alloy: A combined experimental and numerical study, Optics & Laser Technology, 158.A; 108812, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108812
153-22 Zixiang Li, Yinan Cui, Baohua Chang, Guan Liu, Ze Pu, Haoyu Zhang, Zhiyue Liang, Changmeng Liu, Li Wang, Dong Du, Manipulating molten pool in in-situ additive manufacturing of Ti-22Al-25 Nb through alternating dual-electron beams, Additive Manufacturing, 60.A; 103230, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2022.103230
149-22 Qian Chen, Yao Fu, Albert C. To, Multiphysics modeling of particle spattering and induced defect formation mechanism in Inconel 718 laser powder bed fusion, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 123; pp. 783-791, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10201-7
146-22 Zixuan Wan, Hui-ping Wang, Jingjing Li, Baixuan Yang, Joshua Solomon, Blair Carlson, Effect of welding mode on remote laser stitch welding of zinc-coated steel with different sheet thickness combinations, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, MANU-21-1598, 2022. doi.org/10.1115/1.4055792
143-22 Du-Rim Eo, Seong-Gyu Chung, JeongHo Yang, Won Tae Cho, Sun-Hong Park, Jung-Wook Cho, Surface modification of high-Mn steel via laser-DED: Microstructural characterization and hot crack susceptibility of clad layer, Materials & Design, 223; 111188, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111188
142-22 Zichuan Fu, Xiangman Zhou, Bin Luo, Qihua Tian, Numerical simulation study of the effect of weld current on WAAM welding pool dynamic and weld bead morphology, International Conference on Mechanical Design and Simulation, Proceedings, 12261; 122614G, 2022. doi.org/10.1117/12.2639074
132-22 Yiyu Huang, Zhonghao Xie, Wenshu Li, Haoyu Chen, Bin Liu, Bingfeng Wang, Dynamic mechanical properties of the selective laser melting NiCrFeCoMo0.2 high entropy alloy and the microstructure of molten pool, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 927; 167011, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.167011
126-22 Jingqi Zhang, Yingang Liu, Gang Sha, Shenbao Jin, Ziyong Hou, Mohamad Bayat, Nan Yang, Qiyang Tan, Yu Yin, Shiyang Liu, Jesper Henri Hattel, Matthew Dargusch, Xiaoxu Huang, Ming-Xing Zhang, Designing against phase and property heterogeneities in additively manufactured titanium alloys, Nature Communications, 13; 4660, 2022. doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32446-2
119-22 Xu Kaikai, Gong Yadong, Zhao Qiang, Numerical simulation on molten pool flow of Inconel718 alloy based on VOF during additive manufacturing, Materials Today Communications, 33; 104147, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.104147
118-22 AmirPouya Hemmasian, Francis Ogoke, Parand Akbari, Jonathan Malen, Jack Beuth, Amir Barati Farimani, Surrogate modeling of melt pool thermal field using deep learning, SSRN, 2022. doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4190835
117-22 Chiara Ransenigo, Marialaura Tocci, Filippo Palo, Paola Ginestra, Elisabetta Ceretti, Marcello Gelfi, Annalisa Pola, Evolution of melt pool and porosity during laser powder bed fusion of Ti6Al4V alloy: Numerical modelling and experimental validation, Lasers in Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s40516-022-00185-3
112-22 Chris Jasien, Alec Saville, Chandler Gus Becker, Jonah Klemm-Toole, Kamel Fezzaa, Tao Sun, Tresa Pollock, Amy J. Clarke, In situ x-ray radiography and computational modeling to predict grain morphology in β-titanium during simulated additive manufacturing, Metals, 12.7; 1217, 2022. doi.org/10.3390/met12071217
110-22 Haotian Zhou, Haijun Su, Yinuo Guo, Peixin Yang, Yuan Liu, Zhonglin Shen, Di Zhao, Haifang Liu, Taiwen Huang, Min Guo, Jun Zhang, Lin Liu, Hengzhi Fu, Formation and evolution mechanisms of pores in Inconel 718 during selective laser melting: Meso-scale modeling and experimental investigations, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 81; pp. 202-213, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.06.072
109-22 Yufan Zhao, Huakang Bian, Hao Wang, Aoyagi Kenta, Yamanaka Kenta, Akihiko Chiba, Non-equilibrium solidification behavior associated with powder characteristics during electron beam additive manufacturing, Materials & Design, 221; 110915, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110915
107-22 Dan Lönn, David Spångberg, Study of process parameters in laser beam welding of copper hairpins, Thesis, University of Skövde, 2022.
106-22 Liping Guo, Hongze Wang, Qianglong Wei, Hanjie Liu, An Wang, Yi Wu, Haowei Wang, A comprehensive model to quantify the effects of additional nano-particles on the printability in laser powder bed fusion of aluminum alloy and composite, Additive Manufacturing, 58; 103011, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2022.103011
104-22 Hongjiang Pan, Thomas Dahmen, Mohamad Bayat, Kang Lin, Xiaodan Zhang, Independent effects of laser power and scanning speed on IN718’s precipitation and mechanical properties produced by LBPF plus heat treatment, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 849; 143530, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2022.143530
101-22 Yufan Zhao, Kenta Aoyagi, Kenta Yamanaka, Akihiko Chiba, A survey on basic influencing factors of solidified grain morphology during electron beam melting, Materials & Design, 221; 110927, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110927
98-22 Jon Spangenberg, Wilson Ricardo Leal da Silva, Md. Tusher Mollah, Raphaël Comminal, Thomas Juul Andersen, Henrik Stang, Integrating reinforcement with 3D concrete printing: Experiments and numerical modelling, Third RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication, Eds. Ana Blanco, Peter Kinnell, Richard Buswell, Sergio Cavalaro, pp. 379-384, 2022.
93-22 Minglei Qu, Qilin Guo, Luis I. Escano, Samuel J. Clark Kamel Fezzaa, Lianyi Chen, Mitigating keyhole pore formation by nanoparticles during laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing Letters, 100068, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.addlet.2022.100068
86-22 Patiparn Ninpetch, Prasert Chalermkarnnon, Pruet Kowitwarangkul, Multiphysics simulation of thermal-fluid behavior in laser powder bed fusion of H13 steel: Influence of layer thickness and energy input, Metals and Materials International, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s12540-022-01239-z
85-22 Merve Biyikli, Taner Karagoz, Metin Calli, Talha Muslim, A. Alper Ozalp, Ali Bayram, Single track geometry prediction of laser metal deposited 316L-Si via multi-physics modelling and regression analysis with experimental validation, Metals and Materials International, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s12540-022-01243-3
76-22 Zhichao Yang, Shuhao Wang, Lida Zhu, Jinsheng Ning, Bo Xin, Yichao Dun, Wentao Yan, Manipulating molten pool dynamics during metal 3D printing by ultrasound, Applied Physics Reviews, 9; 021416, 2022. doi.org/10.1063/5.0082461
73-22 Yu Sun, Liqun Li, Yu Hao, Sanbao Lin, Xinhua Tang, Fenggui Lu, Numerical modeling on formation of periodic chain-like pores in high power laser welding of thick steel plate, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 306; 117638, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2022.117638
67-22 Yu Hao, Hiu-Ping Wang, Yu Sun, Liqun Li, Yihan Wu, Fenggui Lu, The evaporation behavior of zince and its effect on spattering in laser overlap welding of galvanized steels, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 306; 117625, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2022.117625
65-22 Yanhua Zhao, Chuanbin Du, Peifu Wang, Wei Meng, Changming Li, The mechanism of in-situ laser polishing and its effect on the surface quality of nickel-based alloy fabricated by selective laser melting, Metals, 12.5; 778, 2022. doi.org/10.3390/met12050778
58-22 W.E. Alphonso, M. Bayat, M. Baier, S. Carmignato, J.H. Hattel, Multi-physics numerical modelling of 316L Austenitic stainless steel in laser powder bed fusion process at meso-scale, 17th UK Heat Transfer Conference (UKHTC2021), Manchester, UK, April 4-6, 2022.
57-22 Brandon Hayes, Travis Hainsworth, Robert MacCurdy, Liquid-solid co-printing of multi-material 3D fluidic devices via material jetting, Additive Manufacturing, in press, 102785, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2022.102785
55-22 Xiang Wang, Lin-Jie Zhang, Jie Ning, Suck-joo Na, Fluid thermodynamic simulation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in laser wire deposition, 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing, 2022. doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2021.0159
54-22 Junhao Zhao, Binbin Wang, Tong Liu, Liangshu Luo, Yanan Wang, Xiaonan Zheng, Liang Wang, Yanqing Su, Jingjie Guo, Hengzhi Fu, Dayong Chen, Study of in situ formed quasicrystals in Al-Mn based alloys fabricated by SLM, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 909; 164847, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164847
48-22 Yueming Sun, Jianxing Ma, Fei Peng, Konstantin G. Kornev, Making droplets from highly viscous liquids by pushing a wire through a tube, Physics of Fluids, 34; 032119, 2022. doi.org/10.1063/5.0082003
46-22 H.Z. Lu, T. Chen, H. Liu, H. Wang, X. Luo, C.H. Song, Constructing function domains in NiTi shape memory alloys by additive manufacturing, Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 17.3; 2022. doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2022.2053821
42-22 Islam Hassan, P. Ravi Selvaganapathy, Microfluidic printheads for highly switchable multimaterial 3D printing of soft materials, Advanced Materials Technologies, 2101709, 2022. doi.org/10.1002/admt.202101709
41-22 Nan Yang, Youping Gong, Honghao Chen, Wenxin Li, Chuanping Zhou, Rougang Zhou, Huifeng Shao, Personalized artificial tibia bone structure design and processing based on laser powder bed fusion, Machines, 10.3; 205, 2022. doi.org/10.3390/machines10030205
31-22 Bo Shen, Raghav Gnanasambandam, Rongxuan Wang, Zhenyu (James) Kong, Multi-Task Gaussian process upper confidence bound for hyperparameter tuning and its application for simulation studies of additive manufacturing, IISE Transactions, 2022. doi.org/10.1080/24725854.2022.2039813
27-22 Lida Zhu, Shuhao Wang, Hao Lu, Dongxing Qi, Dan Wang, Zhichao Yang, Investigation on synergism between additive and subtractive manufacturing for curved thin-walled structure, Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 17.2; 2022. doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2022.2029009
24-22 Hoon Sohn, Peipei Liu, Hansol Yoon, Kiyoon Yi, Liu Yang, Sangjun Kim, Real-time porosity reduction during metal directed energy deposition using a pulse laser, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 116; pp. 214-223. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2021.12.013
18-22 Yaohong Xiao, Zixuan Wan, Pengwei Liu, Zhuo Wang, Jingjing Li, Lei Chen, Quantitative simulations of grain nucleation and growth at additively manufactured bimetallic interfaces of SS316L and IN625, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 302; 117506, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2022.117506
06-22 Amal Charles, Mohamad Bayat, Ahmed Elkaseer, Lore Thijs, Jesper Henri Hattel, Steffen Scholz, Elucidation of dross formation in laser powder bed fusion at down-facing surfaces: Phenomenon-oriented multiphysics simulation and experimental validation, Additive Manufacturing, 50; 102551, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102551
05-22 Feilong Ji, Xunpeng Qin, Zeqi Hu, Xiaochen Xiong, Mao Ni, Mengwu Wu, Influence of ultrasonic vibration on molten pool behavior and deposition layer forming morphology for wire and arc additive manufacturing, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 130; 105789, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105789
150-21 Daniel Knüttel, Stefano Baraldo, Anna Valente, Konrad Wegener, Emanuele Carpanzano, Model based learning for efficient modelling of heat transfer dynamics, Procedia CIRP, 102; pp. 252-257, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2021.09.043
149-21 T. van Rhijn, W. du Preez, M. Maringa, D. Kouprianoff, Towards predicting process parameters for selective laser melting of titanium alloys through the modelling of melt pool characteristics, Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie, 40.1; 2021.
148-21 Qian Chen, Multiscale process modeling of residual deformation and defect formation for laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing, Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA, 2021.
147-21 Pareekshith Allu, Developing process parameters through CFD simulations, Lasers in Manufacturing Conference, 2021.
143-21 Asif Ur Rehman, Muhammad Arif Mahmood, Fatih Pitir, Metin Uymaz Salamci, Andrei C. Popescu, Ion N. Mihailescu, Spatter formation and splashing induced defects in laser-based powder bed fusion of AlSi10Mg alloy: A novel hydrodynamics modelling with empirical testing, Metals, 11.12; 2023, 2021. doi.org/10.3390/met11122023
142-21 Islam Hassan, Ponnambalam Ravi Selvaganapathy, A microfluidic printhead with integrated hybrid mixing by sequential injection for multimaterial 3D printing, Additive Manufacturing, 102559, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102559
137-21 Ting-Yu Cheng, Ying-Chih Liao, Enhancing drop mixing in powder bed by alternative particle arrangements with contradictory hydrophilicity, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 104160, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2021.104160
134-21 Asif Ur Rehman, Muhammad Arif Mahmood, Fatih Pitir, Metin Uymaz Salamci, Andrei C. Popescu, Ion N. Mihailescu, Keyhole formation by laser drilling in laser powder bed fusion of Ti6Al4V biomedical alloy: Mesoscopic computational fluid dynamics simulation versus mathematical modelling using empirical validation, Nanomaterials, 11.2; 3284, 2021. doi.org/10.3390/nano11123284
128-21 Sang-Woo Han, Won-Ik Cho, Lin-Jie Zhang, Suck-Joo Na, Coupled simulation of thermal-metallurgical-mechanical behavior in laser keyhole welding of AH36 steel, Materials & Design, 212; 110275, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110275
127-21 Jiankang Huang, Zhuoxuan Li, Shurong Yu, Xiaoquan Yu, Ding Fan, Real-time observation and numerical simulation of the molten pool flow and mass transfer behavior during wire arc additive manufacturing, Welding in the World, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/s40194-021-01214-z
123-21 Boxue Song, Tianbiao Yu, Xingyu Jiang, Wenchao Xi, Xiaoli Lin, Zhelun Ma, ZhaoWang, Development of the molten pool and solidification characterization in single bead multilayer direct energy deposition, Additive Manufacturing, 102479, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102479
112-21 Kathryn Small, Ian D. McCue, Katrina Johnston, Ian Donaldson, Mitra L. Taheri, Precision modification of microstructure and properties through laser engraving, JOM, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04959-6
111-21 Yongki Lee, Jason Cheon, Byung-Kwon Min, Cheolhee Kim, Modelling of fume particle behaviour and coupling glass contamination during vacuum laser beam welding, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2021. doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2021.1990658
110-21 Menglin Liu, Hao Yi, Huajun Cao, Rufeng Huang, Le Jia, Heat accumulation effect in metal droplet-based 3D printing: Evolution mechanism and elimination strategy, Additive Manufacturing, 48.A; 102413, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102413
108-21 Nozomi Taura, Akiya Mitsunobu, Tatsuhiko Sakai, Yasuhiro Okamoto, Akira Okada, Formation and its mechanism of high-speed micro-grooving on metal surface by angled CW laser irradiation, Journal of Laser Micro/Nanoengineering, 16.2, 2021. doi.org/10.2961/jlmn.2021.02.2006
105-21 Jon Spangenberg, Wilson Ricardo Leal da Silva, Raphaël Comminal, Md. Tusher Mollah, Thomas Juul Andersen, Henrik Stang, Numerical simulation of multi-layer 3D concrete printing, RILEM Technical Letters, 6; pp. 119-123, 2021. doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2021.142
104-21 Lin Chen, Chunming Wang, Gaoyang Mi, Xiong Zhang, Effects of laser oscillating frequency on energy distribution, molten pool morphology and grain structure of AA6061/AA5182 aluminum alloys lap welding, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 15; pp. 3133-3148, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.09.141
101-21 R.J.M. Wolfs, T.A.M. Salet, N. Roussel, Filament geometry control in extrusion-based additive manufacturing of concrete: The good, the bad and the ugly, Cement and Concrete Research, 150; 106615, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106615
89-21 Wenlin Ye, Jin Bao, Jie Lei, Yichang Huang, Zhihao Li, Peisheng Li, Ying Zhang, Multiphysics modeling of thermal behavior of commercial pure titanium powder during selective laser melting, Metals and Materials International, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-01019-1
81-21 Lin Chen, Gaoyang Mi, Xiong Zhang, Chunming Wang, Effects of sinusoidal oscillating laser beam on weld formation, melt flow and grain structure during aluminum alloys lap welding, Journals of Materials Processing Technology, 298; 117314, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117314
77-21 Yujie Cui, Yufan Zhao, Haruko Numata, Kenta Yamanaka, Huakang Bian, Kenta Aoyagi, Akihiko Chiba, Effects of process parameters and cooling gas on powder formation during the plasma rotating electrode process, Powder Technology, 393; pp. 301-311, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2021.07.062
76-21 Md Tusher Mollah, Raphaël Comminal, Marcin P. Serdeczny, David B. Pedersen, Jon Spangenberg, Stability and deformations of deposited layers in material extrusion additive manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing, 46; 102193, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102193
72-21 S. Sabooni, A. Chabok, S.C. Feng, H. Blaauw, T.C. Pijper, H.J. Yang, Y.T. Pei, Laser powder bed fusion of 17–4 PH stainless steel: A comparative study on the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties, Additive Manufacturing, 46; 102176, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102176
71-21 Yu Hao, Nannan Chena, Hui-Ping Wang, Blair E. Carlson, Fenggui Lu, Effect of zinc vapor forces on spattering in partial penetration laser welding of zinc-coated steels, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 298; 117282, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117282
67-21 Lu Wang, Wentao Yan, Thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamic model for laser-based metal additive manufacturing, Physical Review Applied, 15.6; 064051, 2021. doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.15.064051
61-21 Ian D. McCue, Gianna M. Valentino, Douglas B. Trigg, Andrew M. Lennon, Chuck E. Hebert, Drew P. Seker, Salahudin M. Nimer, James P. Mastrandrea, Morgana M. Trexler, Steven M. Storck, Controlled shape-morphing metallic components for deployable structures, Materials & Design, 208; 109935, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109935
60-21 Mahyar Khorasani, AmirHossein Ghasemi, Martin Leary, William O’Neil, Ian Gibson, Laura Cordova, Bernard Rolfe, Numerical and analytical investigation on meltpool temperature of laser-based powder bed fusion of IN718, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 177; 121477, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121477
57-21 Dae-Won Cho, Yeong-Do Park, Muralimohan Cheepu, Numerical simulation of slag movement from Marangoni flow for GMAW with computational fluid dynamics, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 125; 105243, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105243
55-21 Won-Sang Shin, Dae-Won Cho, Donghyuck Jung, Heeshin Kang, Jeng O Kim, Yoon-Jun Kim, Changkyoo Park, Investigation on laser welding of Al ribbon to Cu sheet: Weldability, microstructure and mechanical and electrical properties, Metals, 11.5; 831, 2021. doi.org/10.3390/met11050831
50-21 Mohamad Bayat, Venkata K. Nadimpalli, Francesco G. Biondani, Sina Jafarzadeh, Jesper Thorborg, Niels S. Tiedje, Giuliano Bissacco, David B. Pedersen, Jesper H. Hattel, On the role of the powder stream on the heat and fluid flow conditions during directed energy deposition of maraging steel—Multiphysics modeling and experimental validation, Additive Manufacturing, 43;102021, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102021
47-21 Subin Shrestha, Kevin Chou, An investigation into melting modes in selective laser melting of Inconel 625 powder: single track geometry and porosity, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07105-3
34-21 Haokun Sun, Xin Chu, Cheng Luo, Haoxiu Chen, Zhiying Liu, Yansong Zhang, Yu Zou, Selective laser melting for joining dissimilar materials: Investigations ofiInterfacial characteristics and in situ alloying, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 52; pp. 1540-1550, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06178-9
32-21 Shanshan Zhang, Subin Shrestha, Kevin Chou, On mesoscopic surface formation in metal laser powder-bed fusion process, Supplimental Proceedings, TMS 150th Annual Meeting & Exhibition (Virtual), pp. 149-161, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65261-6_14
22-21 Patiparn Ninpetch, Pruet Kowitwarangkul, Sitthipong Mahathanabodee, Prasert Chalermkarnnon, Phadungsak Rattanadecho, Computational investigation of thermal behavior and molten metal flow with moving laser heat source for selective laser melting process, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 24; 100860, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2021.100860
19-21 M.B. Abrami, C. Ransenigo, M. Tocci, A. Pola, M. Obeidi, D. Brabazon, Numerical simulation of laser powder bed fusion processes, La Metallurgia Italiana, February; pp. 81-89, 2021.
16-21 Wenjun Ge, Jerry Y.H. Fuh, Suck Joo Na, Numerical modelling of keyhole formation in selective laser melting of Ti6Al4V, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 62; pp. 646-654, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.01.005
11-21 Mohamad Bayat, Venkata K. Nadimpalli, David B. Pedersen, Jesper H. Hattel, A fundamental investigation of thermo-capillarity in laser powder bed fusion of metals and alloys, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 166; 120766, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120766
10-21 Yufan Zhao, Yuichiro Koizumi, Kenta Aoyagi, Kenta Yamanaka, Akihiko Chiba, Thermal properties of powder beds in energy absorption and heat transfer during additive manufacturing with electron beam, Powder Technology, 381; pp. 44-54, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.11.082
9-21 Subin Shrestha, Kevin Chou, A study of transient and steady-state regions from single-track deposition in laser powder bed fusion, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 61; pp. 226-235, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.11.023
6-21 Qian Chen, Yunhao Zhao, Seth Strayer, Yufan Zhao, Kenta Aoyagi, Yuichiro Koizumi, Akihiko Chiba, Wei Xiong, Albert C. To, Elucidating the effect of preheating temperature on melt pool morphology variation in Inconel 718 laser powder bed fusion via simulation and experiment, Additive Manufacturing, 37; 101642, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101642
04-21 Won-Ik Cho, Peer Woizeschke, Analysis of molten pool dynamics in laser welding with beam oscillation and filler wire feeding, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 164; 120623, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120623
128-20 Mahmood Al Bashir, Rajeev Nair, Martina M. Sanchez, Anil Mahapatro, Improving fluid retention properties of 316L stainless steel using nanosecond pulsed laser surface texturing, Journal of Laser Applications, 32.4, 2020. doi.org/10.2351/7.0000199
127-20 Eric Riedel, Niklas Bergedieck, Stefan Scharf, CFD simulation based investigation of cavitation cynamics during high intensity ultrasonic treatment of A356, Metals, 10.11; 1529, 2020. doi.org/10.3390/met10111529
126-20 Benjamin Himmel, Material jetting of aluminium: Analysis of a novel additive manufacturing process, Thesis, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, 2020.
121-20 Yufan Zhao, Yujie Cui, Haruko Numata, Huakang Bian, Kimio Wako, Kenta Yamanaka, Kenta Aoyagi, Akihiko Chiba, Centrifugal granulation behavior in metallic powder fabrication by plasma rotating electrode process, Scientific Reports, 10; 18446, 2020. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75503-w
116-20 Raphael Comminal, Wilson Ricardo Leal da Silva, Thomas Juul Andersen, Henrik Stang, Jon Spangenberg, Modelling of 3D concrete printing based on computational fluid dynamics, Cement and Concrete Research, 138; 106256, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106256
112-20 Peng Liu, Lijin Huan, Yu Gan, Yuyu Lei, Effect of plate thickness on weld pool dynamics and keyhole-induced porosity formation in laser welding of Al alloy, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 111; pp. 735-747, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05818-5
108-20 Fan Chen, Wentao Yan, High-fidelity modelling of thermal stress for additive manufacturing by linking thermal-fluid and mechanical models, Materials & Design, 196; 109185, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109185
104-20 Yunfu Tian, Lijun Yang, Dejin Zhao, Yiming Huang, Jiajing Pan, Numerical analysis of powder bed generation and single track forming for selective laser melting of SS316L stainless steel, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 58; pp. 964-974, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.09.002
100-20 Raphaël Comminal, Sina Jafarzadeh, Marcin Serdeczny, Jon Spangenberg, Estimations of interlayer contacts in extrusion additive manufacturing using a CFD model, International Conference on Additive Manufacturing in Products and Applications (AMPA), Zurich, Switzerland, September 1-3: Industrializing Additive Manufacturing, pp. 241-250, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54334-1_17
97-20 Paree Allu, CFD simulation for metal Additive Manufacturing: Applications in laser- and sinter-based processes, Metal AM, 6.4; pp. 151-158, 2020.
95-20 Yufan Zhao, Kenta Aoyagi, Kenta Yamanaka, Akihiko Chiba, Role of operating and environmental conditions in determining molten pool dynamics during electron beam melting and selective laser melting, Additive Manufacturing, 36; 101559, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101559
94-20 Yan Zeng, David Himmler, Peter Randelzhofer, Carolin Körner, Processing of in situ Al3Ti/Al composites by advanced high shear technology: influence of mixing speed, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 110; pp. 1589-1599, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05956-w
93-20 H. Hamed Zargari, K. Ito, M. Kumar, A. Sharma, Visualizing the vibration effect on the tandem-pulsed gas metal arc welding in the presence of surface tension active elements, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 161; 120310, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120310
90-20 Guangxi Zhao, Jun Du, Zhengying Wei, Siyuan Xu, Ruwei Geng, Numerical analysis of aluminum alloy fused coating process, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Science and Engineering, 42; 483, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-02569-y
85-20 Wenkang Huang, Hongliang Wang, Teresa Rinker, Wenda Tan, Investigation of metal mixing in laser keyhold welding of dissimilar metals, Materials & Design, 195; 109056, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109056
82-20 Pan Lu, Zhang Cheng-Lin, Wang Liang, Liu Tong, Liu Jiang-lin, Molten pool structure, temperature and velocity flow in selective laser melting AlCu5MnCdVA alloy, Materials Research Express, 7; 086516, 2020. doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/abadcf
80-20 Yujie Cui, Yufan Zhao, Haruko Numata, Huakang Bian, Kimio Wako, Kento Yamanaka, Kenta Aoyagi, Chen Zhang, Akihiko Chiba, Effects of plasma rotating electrode process parameters on the particle size distribution and microstructure of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy powder, Powder Technology, 376; pp. 363-372, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.08.027
78-20 F.Q. Liu, L. Wei, S.Q. Shi, H.L. Wei, On the varieties of build features during multi-layer laser directed energy deposition, Additive Manufacturing, 36; 101491, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101491
75-20 Nannan Chen, Zixuan Wan, Hui-Ping Wang, Jingjing Li, Joshua Solomon, Blair E. Carlson, Effect of Al single bond Si coating on laser spot welding of press hardened steel and process improvement with annular stirring, Materials & Design, 195; 108986, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108986
72-20 Yujie Cui, Kenta Aoyagi, Yufan Zhao, Kenta Yamanaka, Yuichiro Hayasaka, Yuichiro Koizumi, Tadashi Fujieda, Akihiko Chiba, Manufacturing of a nanosized TiB strengthened Ti-based alloy via electron beam powder bed fusion, Additive Manufacturing, 36; 101472, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101472
64-20 Dong-Rong Liu, Shuhao Wang, Wentao Yan, Grain structure evolution in transition-mode melting in direct energy deposition, Materials & Design, 194; 108919, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108919
61-20 Raphael Comminal, Wilson Ricardo Leal da Silva, Thomas Juul Andersen, Henrik Stang, Jon Spangenberg, Influence of processing parameters on the layer geometry in 3D concrete printing: Experiments and modelling, 2nd RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication, RILEM Bookseries, 28; pp. 852-862, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49916-7_83
60-20 Marcin P. Serdeczny, Raphaël Comminal, Md. Tusher Mollah, David B. Pedersen, Jon Spangenberg, Numerical modeling of the polymer flow through the hot-end in filament-based material extrusion additive manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing, 36; 101454, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101454
58-20 H.L. Wei, T. Mukherjee, W. Zhang, J.S. Zuback, G.L. Knapp, A. De, T. DebRoy, Mechanistic models for additive manufacturing of metallic components, Progress in Materials Science, 116; 100703, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2020.100703
55-20 Masoud Mohammadpour, Experimental study and numerical simulation of heat transfer and fluid flow in laser welded and brazed joints, Thesis, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, US; Available in Mechanical Engineering Research Theses and Dissertations, 24, 2020.
48-20 Masoud Mohammadpour, Baixuan Yang, Hui-Ping Wang, John Forrest, Michael Poss, Blair Carlson, Radovan Kovacevica, Influence of laser beam inclination angle on galvanized steel laser braze quality, Optics and Laser Technology, 129; 106303, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106303
34-20 Binqi Liu, Gang Fang, Liping Lei, Wei Liu, A new ray tracing heat source model for mesoscale CFD simulation of selective laser melting (SLM), Applied Mathematical Modeling, 79; pp. 506-520, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2019.10.049
27-20 Xuesong Gao, Guilherme Abreu Farira, Wei Zhang and Kevin Wheeler, Numerical analysis of non-spherical particle effect on molten pool dynamics in laser-powder bed fusion additive manufacturing, Computational Materials Science, 179, art. no. 109648, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2020.109648
26-20 Yufan Zhao, Yuichiro Koizumi, Kenta Aoyagi, Kenta Yamanaka and Akihiko Chiba, Isothermal γ → ε phase transformation behavior in a Co-Cr-Mo alloy depending on thermal history during electron beam powder-bed additive manufacturing, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 50, pp. 162-170, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2019.11.040
21-20 Won-Ik Cho and Peer Woizeschke, Analysis of molten pool behavior with buttonhole formation in laser keyhole welding of sheet metal, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 152, art. no. 119528, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119528
06-20 Wei Xing, Di Ouyang, Zhen Chen and Lin Liu, Effect of energy density on defect evolution in 3D printed Zr-based metallic glasses by selective laser melting, Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 63, art. no. 226111, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/s11433-019-1485-8
04-20 Santosh Reddy Sama, Tony Badamo, Paul Lynch and Guha Manogharan, Novel sprue designs in metal casting via 3D sand-printing, Additive Manufacturing, 25, pp. 563-578, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.12.009
02-20 Dongsheng Wu, Shinichi Tashiro, Ziang Wu, Kazufumi Nomura, Xueming Hua, and Manabu Tanaka, Analysis of heat transfer and material flow in hybrid KPAW-GMAW process based on the novel three dimensional CFD simulation, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 147, art. no. 118921, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118921
01-20 Xiang Huang, Siying Lin, Zhenxiang Bu, Xiaolong Lin, Weijin Yi, Zhihong Lin, Peiqin Xie, and Lingyun Wang, Research on nozzle and needle combination for high frequency piezostack-driven dispenser, International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 96, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2019.102453
88-19 Bo Cheng and Charles Tuffile, Numerical study of porosity formation with implementation of laser multiple reflection in selective laser melting, Proceedings Volume 1: Additive Manufacturing; Manufacturing Equipment and Systems; Bio and Sustainable Manufacturing, ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA, June 10-14, 2019. doi.org/10.1115/MSEC2019-2891
87-19 Shuhao Wang, Lida Zhu, Jerry Ying His Fuh, Haiquan Zhang, and Wentao Yan, Multi-physics modeling and Gaussian process regression analysis of cladding track geometry for direct energy deposition, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 127:105950, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2019.105950
78-19 Bo Cheng, Lukas Loeber, Hannes Willeck, Udo Hartel, and Charles Tuffile, Computational investigation of melt pool process dynamics and pore formation in laser powder bed fusion, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 28:11, 6565-6578, 2019. doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-04435-y
77-19 David Souders, Pareekshith Allu, Anurag Chandorkar, and Ruendy Castillo, Application of computational fluid dynamics in developing process parameters for additive manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing Journal, 9th International Conference on 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing Technologies (AM 2019), Bangalore, India, September 7-9, 2019.
75-19 Raphaël Comminal, Marcin Piotr Serdeczny, Navid Ranjbar, Mehdi Mehrali, David Bue Pedersen, Henrik Stang, Jon Spangenberg, Modelling of material deposition in big area additive manufacturing and 3D concrete printing, Proceedings, Advancing Precision in Additive Manufacturing, Nantes, France, September 16-18, 2019.
73-19 Baohua Chang, Zhang Yuan, Hao Cheng, Haigang Li, Dong Du 1, and Jiguo Shan, A study on the influences of welding position on the keyhole and molten pool behavior in laser welding of a titanium alloy, Metals, 9:1082, 2019. doi.org/10.3390/met9101082
57-19 Shengjie Deng, Hui-Ping Wang, Fenggui Lu, Joshua Solomon, and Blair E. Carlson, Investigation of spatter occurrence in remote laser spiral welding of zinc-coated steels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 140, pp. 269-280, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.06.009
53-19 Mohamad Bayat, Aditi Thanki, Sankhya Mohanty, Ann Witvrouw, Shoufeng Yang, Jesper Thorborg, Niels Skat Tieldje, and Jesper Henri Hattel, Keyhole-induced porosities in Laser-based Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) of Ti6Al4V: High-fidelity modelling and experimental validation, Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 30, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2019.100835
51-19 P. Ninpetch, P. Kowitwarangkul, S. Mahathanabodee, R. Tongsri, and P. Ratanadecho, Thermal and melting track simulations of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), International Conference on Materials Research and Innovation (ICMARI), Bangkok, Thailand, December 17-21, 2018. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 526, 2019. doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/526/1/012030
46-19 Hongze Wang and Yu Zou, Microscale interaction between laser and metal powder in powder-bed additive manufacturing: Conduction mode versus keyhole mode, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 142, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118473
45-19 Yufan Zhao, Yuichiro Koizumi, Kenta Aoyagi, Kenta Yamanaka, and Akihiko Chiba, Manipulating local heat accumulation towards controlled quality and microstructure of a Co-Cr-Mo alloy in powder bed fusion with electron beam, Materials Letters, Vol. 254, pp. 269-272, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.07.078
44-19 Guoxiang Xu, Lin Li, Houxiao Wang, Pengfei Li, Qinghu Guo, Qingxian Hu, and Baoshuai Du, Simulation and experimental studies of keyhole induced porosity in laser-MIG hybrid fillet welding of aluminum alloy in the horizontal position, Optics & Laser Technology, Vol. 119, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.105667
38-19 Subin Shrestha and Y. Kevin Chou, A numerical study on the keyhole formation during laser powder bed fusion process, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 141, No. 10, 2019. doi.org/10.1115/1.4044100
34-19 Dae-Won Cho, Jin-Hyeong Park, and Hyeong-Soon Moon, A study on molten pool behavior in the one pulse one drop GMAW process using computational fluid dynamics, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 139, pp. 848-859, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.05.038
30-19 Mohamad Bayat, Sankhya Mohanty, and Jesper Henri Hattel, Multiphysics modelling of lack-of-fusion voids formation and evolution in IN718 made by multi-track/multi-layer L-PBF, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 139, pp. 95-114, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.05.003
29-19 Yufan Zhao, Yuichiro Koizumi, Kenta Aoyagi, Daixiu Wei, Kenta Yamanaka, and Akihiko Chiba, Comprehensive study on mechanisms for grain morphology evolution and texture development in powder bed fusion with electron beam of Co–Cr–Mo alloy, Materialia, Vol. 6, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2019.100346
28-19 Pareekshith Allu, Computational fluid dynamics modeling in additive manufacturing processes, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) 148th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, USA, March 10-14, 2019.
24-19 Simulation Software: Use, Advantages & Limitations, The Additive Manufacturing and Welding Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2019
22-19 Hunchul Jeong, Kyungbae Park, Sungjin Baek, and Jungho Cho, Thermal efficiency decision of variable polarity aluminum arc welding through molten pool analysis, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 138, pp. 729-737, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.04.089
07-19 Guangxi Zhao, Jun Du, Zhengying Wei, Ruwei Geng and Siyuan Xu, Numerical analysis of arc driving forces and temperature distribution in pulsed TIG welding, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 41, No. 60, 2019. doi.org/10.1007/s40430-018-1563-0
04-19 Santosh Reddy Sama, Tony Badamo, Paul Lynch and Guha Manogharan, Novel sprue designs in metal casting via 3D sand-printing, Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 25, pp. 563-578, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.12.009
03-19 Dongsheng Wu, Anh Van Nguyen, Shinichi Tashiro, Xueming Hua and Manabu Tanaka, Elucidation of the weld pool convection and keyhole formation mechanism in the keyhold plasma arc welding, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 131, pp. 920-931, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.11.108
97-18 Wentao Yan, Ya Qian, Wenjun Ge, Stephen Lin, Wing Kam Liu, Feng Lin, Gregory J. Wagner, Meso-scale modeling of multiple-layer fabrication process in Selective Electron Beam Melting: Inter-layer/track voids formation, Materials & Design, 2018. doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.12.031
84-18 Bo Cheng, Xiaobai Li, Charles Tuffile, Alexander Ilin, Hannes Willeck and Udo Hartel, Multi-physics modeling of single track scanning in selective laser melting: Powder compaction effect, Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, pp. 1887-1902, 2018.
81-18 Yufan Zhao, Yuichiro Koizumi, Kenta Aoyagi, Daixiu Wei, Kenta Yamanaka and Akihiko Chiba, Molten pool behavior and effect of fluid flow on solidification conditions in selective electron beam melting (SEBM) of a biomedical Co-Cr-Mo alloy, Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 26, pp. 202-214, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.12.002
77-18 Jun Du and Zhengying Wei, Numerical investigation of thermocapillary-induced deposited shape in fused-coating additive manufacturing process of aluminum alloy, Journal of Physics Communications, Vol. 2, No. 11, 2018. doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/aaedc7
76-18 Yu Xiang, Shuzhe Zhang, Zhengying We, Junfeng Li, Pei Wei, Zhen Chen, Lixiang Yang and Lihao Jiang, Forming and defect analysis for single track scanning in selective laser melting of Ti6Al4V, Applied Physics A, 124:685, 2018. doi.org/10.1007/s00339-018-2056-9
74-18 Paree Allu, CFD simulations for laser welding of Al Alloys, Proceedings, Die Casting Congress & Exposition, Indianapolis, IN, October 15-17, 2018.
72-18 Hunchul Jeong, Kyungbae Park, Sungjin Baek, Dong-Yoon Kim, Moon-Jin Kang and Jungho Cho, Three-dimensional numerical analysis of weld pool in GMAW with fillet joint, International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, Vol. 19, No. 8, pp. 1171-1177, 2018. doi.org/10.1007/s12541-018-0138-4
60-18 R.W. Geng, J. Du, Z.Y. Wei and G.X. Zhao, An adaptive-domain-growth method for phase field simulation of dendrite growth in arc preheated fused-coating additive manufacturing, IOP Conference Series: Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1063, 012077, 2018. doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1063/1/012077
59-18 Guangxi Zhao, Jun Du, Zhengying Wei, Ruwei Geng and Siyuan Xu, Coupling analysis of molten pool during fused coating process with arc preheating, IOP Conference Series: Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1063, 012076, 2018. doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1063/1/012076 (Available at http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1063/1/012076/pdf and in shared drive)
58-18 Siyuan Xu, Zhengying Wei, Jun Du, Guangxi Zhao and Wei Liu, Numerical simulation and analysis of metal fused coating forming, IOP Conference Series: Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1063, 012075, 2018. doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1063/1/012075
55-18 Jason Cheon, Jin-Young Yoon, Cheolhee Kim and Suck-Joo Na, A study on transient flow characteristic in friction stir welding with realtime interface tracking by direct surface calculation, Journal of Materials Processing Tech., vol. 255, pp. 621-634, 2018.
54-18 V. Sukhotskiy, P. Vishnoi, I. H. Karampelas, S. Vader, Z. Vader, and E. P. Furlani, Magnetohydrodynamic drop-on-demand liquid metal additive manufacturing: System overview and modeling, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer, Niagara Falls, Canada, June 7 – 9, 2018; Paper no. 155, 2018. doi.org/10.11159/ffhmt18.155
52-18 Michael Hilbinger, Claudia Stadelmann, Matthias List and Robert F. Singer, Temconex® – Kontinuierliche Pulverextrusion: Verbessertes Verständnis mit Hilfe der numerischen Simulation, Hochleistungsmetalle und Prozesse für den Leichtbau der Zukunft, Tagungsband 10. Ranshofener Leichtmetalltage, 13-14 Juni 2018, Linz, pp. 175-186, 2018.
38-18 Zhen Chen, Yu Xiang, Zhengying Wei, Pei Wei, Bingheng Lu, Lijuan Zhang and Jun Du, Thermal dynamic behavior during selective laser melting of K418 superalloy: numerical simulation and experimental verification, Applied Physics A, vol. 124, pp. 313, 2018. doi.org/10.1007/s00339-018-1737-8
19-18 Chenxiao Zhu, Jason Cheon, Xinhua Tang, Suck-Joo Na, and Haichao Cui, Molten pool behaviors and their influences on welding defects in narrow gap GMAW of 5083 Al-alloy, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 126:A, pp.1206-1221, 2018. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.05.132
16-18 P. Schneider, V. Sukhotskiy, T. Siskar, L. Christie and I.H. Karampelas, Additive Manufacturing of Microfluidic Components via Wax Extrusion, Biotech, Biomaterials and Biomedical TechConnect Briefs, vol. 3, pp. 162 – 165, 2018.
09-18 The Furlani Research Group, Magnetohydrodynamic Liquid Metal 3D Printing, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, © University at Buffalo, May 2018.
08-18 Benjamin Himmel, Dominik Rumschöttel and Wolfram Volk, Thermal process simulation of droplet based metal printing with aluminium, Production Engineering, March 2018 © German Academic Society for Production Engineering (WGP) 2018.
07-18 Yu-Che Wu, Cheng-Hung San, Chih-Hsiang Chang, Huey-Jiuan Lin, Raed Marwan, Shuhei Baba and Weng-Sing Hwang, Numerical modeling of melt-pool behavior in selective laser melting with random powder distribution and experimental validation, Journal of Materials Processing Tech. 254 (2018) 72–78.
60-17 Pei Wei, Zhengying Wei, Zhen Chen, Yuyang He and Jun Du, Thermal behavior in single track during selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg powder, Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing, 123:604, 2017. doi.org/10.1007/z00339-017-1194-9
51-17 Koichi Ishizaka, Keijiro Saitoh, Eisaku Ito, Masanori Yuri, and Junichiro Masada, Key Technologies for 1700°C Class Ultra High Temperature Gas Turbine, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review, vol. 54, no. 3, 2017.
49-17 Yu-Che Wu, Weng-Sing Hwang, Cheng-Hung San, Chih-Hsiang Chang and Huey-Jiuan Lin, Parametric study of surface morphology for selective laser melting on Ti6Al4V powder bed with numerical and experimental methods, International Journal of Material Forming, © Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2017. doi.org/10.1007/s12289-017-1391-2.
37-17 V. Sukhotskiy, I. H. Karampelas, G. Garg, A. Verma, M. Tong, S. Vader, Z. Vader, and E. P. Furlani, Magnetohydrodynamic Drop-on-Demand Liquid Metal 3D Printing, Solid Freeform Fabrication 2017: Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium – An Additive Manufacturing Conference
15-17 I.H. Karampelas, S. Vader, Z. Vader, V. Sukhotskiy, A. Verma, G. Garg, M. Tong and E.P. Furlani, Drop-on-Demand 3D Metal Printing, Informatics, Electronics and Microsystems TechConnect Briefs 2017, Vol. 4
14-17 Jason Cheon and Suck-Joo Na, Prediction of welding residual stress with real-time phase transformation by CFD thermal analysis, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 131–132 (2017) 37–51.
91-16 Y. S. Lee and D. F. Farson, Surface tension-powered build dimension control in laser additive manufacturing process, Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2016) 85:1035–1044, doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7974-5.
84-16 Runqi Lin, Hui-ping Wang, Fenggui Lu, Joshua Solomon, Blair E. Carlson, Numerical study of keyhole dynamics and keyhole-induced porosity formation in remote laser welding of Al alloys, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 108 (2017) 244–256, Available online December 2016.
68-16 Dongsheng Wu, Xueming Hua, Dingjian Ye and Fang Li, Understanding of humping formation and suppression mechanisms using the numerical simulation, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 104, January 2017, Pages 634–643, Published online 2016.
39-16 Chien-Hsun Wang, Ho-Lin Tsai, Yu-Che Wu and Weng-Sing Hwang, Investigation of molten metal droplet deposition and solidification for 3D printing techniques, IOP Publishing, J. Micromech. Microeng. 26 (2016) 095012 (14pp), doi: 10.1088/0960-1317/26/9/095012, July 8, 2016
29-16 Scott Vader, Zachary Vader, Ioannis H. Karampelas and Edward P. Furlani, Advances in Magnetohydrodynamic Liquid Metal Jet Printing, Nanotech 2016 Conference & Expo, May 22-25, Washington, DC.
26-16 Y.S. Lee and W. Zhang, Modeling of heat transfer, fluid flow and solidification microstructure of nickel-base superalloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion, S2214-8604(16)30087-2, doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2016.05.003, ADDMA 86.
123-15 Koji Tsukimoto, Masashi Kitamura, Shuji Tanigawa, Sachio Shimohata, and Masahiko Mega, Laser welding repair for single crystal blades, Proceedings of International Gas Turbine Congress, pp. 1354-1358, 2015.
122-15 Y.S. Lee, W. Zhang, Mesoscopic simulation of heat transfer and fluid flow in laser powder bed additive manufacturing, Proceedings, 26th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, Texas, 2015.
116-15 Yousub Lee, Simulation of Laser Additive Manufacturing and its Applications, Ph.D. Thesis: Graduate Program in Welding Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2015, Copyright by Yousub Lee 2015
103-15 Ligang Wu, Jason Cheon, Degala Venkata Kiran, and Suck-Joo Na, CFD Simulations of GMA Welding of Horizontal Fillet Joints based on Coordinate Rotation of Arc Models, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Available online December 29, 2015
96-15 Jason Cheon, Degala Venkata Kiran, and Suck-Joo Na, Thermal metallurgical analysis of GMA welded AH36 steel using CFD – FEM framework, Materials & Design, Volume 91, February 5 2016, Pages 230-241, published online November 2015
86-15 Yousub Lee and Dave F. Farson, Simulation of transport phenomena and melt pool shape for multiple layer additive manufacturing, J. Laser Appl. 28, 012006 (2016). doi: 10.2351/1.4935711, published online 2015.
63-15 Scott Vader, Zachary Vader, Ioannis H. Karampelas and Edward P. Furlani, Magnetohydrodynamic Liquid Metal Jet Printing, TechConnect World Innovation Conference & Expo, Washington, D.C., June 14-17, 2015
46-15 Adwaith Gupta, 3D Printing Multi-Material, Single Printhead Simulation, Advanced Qualification of Additive Manufacturing Materials Workshop, July 20 – 21, 2015, Santa Fe, NM
25-15 Dae-Won Cho and Suck-Joo Na, Molten pool behaviors for second pass V-groove GMAW, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 88 (2015) 945–956.
21-15 Jungho Cho, Dave F. Farson, Kendall J. Hollis and John O. Milewski, Numerical analysis of weld pool oscillation in laser welding, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 29 (4) (2015) 1715~1722, www.springerlink.com/content/1738-494x, doi.org/10.1007/s12206-015-0344-2.
82-14 Yousub Lee, Mark Nordin, Sudarsanam Suresh Babu, and Dave F. Farson, Effect of Fluid Convection on Dendrite Arm Spacing in Laser Deposition, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, August 2014, Volume 45, Issue 4, pp 1520-1529
59-14 Y.S. Lee, M. Nordin, S.S. Babu, and D.F. Farson, Influence of Fluid Convection on Weld Pool Formation in Laser Cladding, Welding Research/ August 2014, VOL. 93
18-14 L.J. Zhang, J.X. Zhang, A. Gumenyuk, M. Rethmeier, and S.J. Na, Numerical simulation of full penetration laser welding of thick steel plate with high power high brightness laser, Journal of Materials Processing Technology (2014), doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.03.016.
36-13 Dae-Won Cho,Woo-Hyun Song, Min-Hyun Cho, and Suck-Joo Na, Analysis of Submerged Arc Welding Process by Three-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2013. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.06.017
12-13 D.W. Cho, S.J. Na, M.H. Cho, J.S. Lee, A study on V-groove GMAW for various welding positions, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, April 2013, doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.02.015.
01-13 Dae-Won Cho & Suck-Joo Na & Min-Hyun Cho & Jong-Sub Lee, Simulations of weld pool dynamics in V-groove GTA and GMA welding, Weld World, doi.org/10.1007/s40194-012-0017-z, © International Institute of Welding 2013.
63-12 D.W. Cho, S.H. Lee, S.J. Na, Characterization of welding arc and weld pool formation in vacuum gas hollow tungsten arc welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.09.024, September 2012.
77-10 Lim, Y. C.; Yu, X.; Cho, J. H.; et al., Effect of magnetic stirring on grain structure refinement Part 1-Autogenous nickel alloy welds, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Volume: 15 Issue: 7, Pages: 583-589, doi.org/10.1179/136217110X12720264008277, October 2010
18-10 K Saida, H Ohnishi, K Nishimoto, Fluxless laser brazing of aluminium alloy to galvanized steel using a tandem beam–dissimilar laser brazing of aluminium alloy and steels, Welding International, 2010
58-09 Cho, Jung-Ho; Farson, Dave F.; Milewski, John O.; et al., Weld pool flows during initial stages of keyhole formation in laser welding, Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, Volume: 42 Issue: 17 Article Number: 175502 ; doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/42/17/175502, September 2009
57-09 Lim, Y. C.; Farson, D. F.; Cho, M. H.; et al., Stationary GMAW-P weld metal deposit spreading, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Volume: 14 Issue: 7 ;Pages: 626-635, doi.org/10.1179/136217109X441173, October 2009
1-09 J.-H. Cho and S.-J. Na, Three-Dimensional Analysis of Molten Pool in GMA-Laser Hybrid Welding, Welding Journal, February 2009, Vol. 88
52-07 Huey-Jiuan Lin and Wei-Kuo Chang, Design of a sheet forming apparatus for overflow fusion process by numerical simulation, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 353 (2007) 2817–2825.
50-07 Cho, Min Hyun; Farson, Dave F., Understanding bead hump formation in gas metal arc welding using a numerical simulation, Metallurgical and Mateials Transactions B-Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, Volume: 38, Issue: 2, Pages: 305-319, doi.org/10.1007/s11663-007-9034-5, April 2007
49-07 Cho, M. H.; Farson, D. F., Simulation study of a hybrid process for the prevention of weld bead hump formation, Welding Journal Volume: 86, Issue: 9, Pages: 253S-262S, September 2007
48-07 Cho, M. H.; Farson, D. F.; Lim, Y. C.; et al., Hybrid laser/arc welding process for controlling bead profile, Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Volume: 12 Issue: 8, Pages: 677-688, doi.org/10.1179/174329307X236878, November 2007
47-07 Min Hyun Cho, Dave F. Farson, Understanding Bead Hump Formation in Gas Metal Arc Welding Using a Numerical Simulation, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Volume 38, Issue 2, pp 305-319, April 2007
36-06 Cho, M. H.; Lim, Y. C.; Farson, D. F., Simulation of weld pool dynamics in the stationary pulsed gas metal arc welding process and final weld shape, Welding Journal, Volume: 85 Issue: 12, Pages: 271S-283S, December 2006
Aluminum Integral Foam Molding Process
This application note was contributed by Johannes Hartmann and Vera Jüchter, Department of Materials Science, Chair of Metals Science and Technology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
알루미늄 폼은 우수한 댐핑 및 높은 에너지 흡수율 및 굴곡 강성과 같은 예외적인 특성을 보여줍니다[1]. 강성은 특히 하중 지지 및 경량 구조에 사용하기에 특히 매력적입니다. 중량별 강성을 높이고 보다 우수한 하중 전달을 위해 알 Aluminum Foam Sandwiches (AFS)와 같은 컴팩트한 특성이 필요합니다 [2].
Erlangen-Nuremberg 대학의 금속 공학과 기술 위원장은 알루미늄 발포 특성을 점차적으로 생산하기 위해 다이캐스팅 공정인 Integral Foam Molding 개발하였습니다(그림 1 참조). 이 공정은 폴리머의 사출 성형으로 개발되었으며 따라서 컴팩트한 층을 가진 복잡한 폼을 비용 효율적으로 대량 생산에 적합합니다. 이 노트에 설명 된 시뮬레이션 기법은 프로세스 매개 변수를 선택하는데 도움을 주기 위한 모델링프로세스를 확인할 수 있습니다.
Figure 1. Cross section of an aluminum integral foam with a compact skin, a transition region with decreasing relative density and smaller pores, as well as a foamed core.
Aluminum Integral Foam Molding Technology
일정량의 발포제 (수소화 마그네슘, MgH2)가 러너 시스템에 배치되고 샷 챔버는 알루미늄 용융물로 채워진다 (공정은 그림 2에 묘사되어 있으며, 공정은 [3]에 자세히 설명되어있다). 피스톤이 진행됨에 따라, 분말은 난류 방식으로 주형에 이송된다. 기술 변형 “고압 일체형 폼 몰딩 (HP-IFM)”의 경우 표준 다이캐스팅 공정에서 알 수 있듯이 이 부품은 주변의 높은 압력에서 완전히 채워져 우수한 표면 품질을 보장합니다. 템퍼링된 금형 표면에서 시작하여 용융물은 일체형으로 고형화되기 시작합니다. 몇 밀리 초가 지나면 금형은 코어 풀러 시스템 위에 열리고 부피는 국부적으로 증가하고 압력은 감소하여 열분해 및 수소화 마그네슘 입자의 수소 방출로 인해 여전히 반고체 내부 영역에서 기공 성장을 시작합니다. 모든 발포제 입자는 이웃하는 공극의 역압에 의해 멈추어 질 때까지 공극의 성장을 지속합니다. 발포된 입자의 벽은 알루미늄 합금의 응고된 입자에 의해 안정화가 되며 이를 endogenous stabilization이라고 합니다[4].
Figure 2. Schematic process cycle of “High Pressure Integral Foam Molding (HP-IFM)” of aluminum.
주조 부품의 전체 부피에서 균일한 형태에 대한 전제조건은 분해 순간의 양호한 입자분포입니다. 또한, 발포제 유입시의 용융물의 온도는 수소화 마그네슘의 분해를 결정하며 (그림 3 참조), 게다가 발포시 solid phase의 양을 결정한다. 그러나 고상의 양이 너무 많으면 기공의 강성이 증가하고 현상 기공의 구형화를 방해하여 구조가 파괴된다 [2].
Microcellular Aluminum Integral Foams – Approaching the Process Limits
일체형 발포 성형 공정시뮬레이션은 새로운 부품 설계의 몰드 충진 특성을 조사하는 데 도움이 될 뿐만 아니라 입자 침투도 예측하고 비용을 절약할 수 있게 발포 공정 조건을 결정할 수 있는 강력한 도구입니다. 현재 연구의 목표는 다공성 수준을 일정하게 유지하면서 기공 크기를 줄이는 것입니다. 전산 유체 역학 (CFD) 시뮬레이션은 가능한 한 현재의 프로세스 한계에 가깝게 접근할 수 있습니다. 발포 형태의 개선은 기계적 물성에서 균질 한 구조를 유도 할뿐만 아니라 기계적 성질에 의해 더 얇은 부품의 생산이 가능할 것입니다. 이 목적은 용융물 내에서의 높은 입자 분포 밀도와 동시에 응집 현상의 감소와 함께 완전히 안정된 기공 성장에 의해서만 달성 될 수 있다.
Figure 3. Schematic curves of decomposition of magnesium hydride as a function of the melt temperature, calculated by the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami approach [2]
Figure 4. Adjustment of heat transfer by comparisons of a real solidification curve (black) to the growth rate of the solidified skin in simulation (red).
Adapting the Simulation Parameters to Practical Integral Foam Molding Experiments
입자 거동이나 온도장에 대한 신뢰성 있는 예측을 위한 CFD 시뮬레이션을 사용할 수 있으려면 실제 실험과 일치하도록 매개 변수를 결정해야 합니다. 이를 위해, 30-130 ms의 지연 시간을 갖는 일체형 발포 부품을 제작하였으며 성형 팽창 및 기공 성장 개시 순간에 고상분율 때문에 발포 형성이 불가능한 다른 밀도의 형상을 만들었습니다. 열 전달 계수 (완전한 액체 용융물과 완전 응고된 용융물)를 변화시켜 합금 AlSi9Cu3 (Fe)의 주조 사이클을 시뮬레이션하면 응고 곡선을 적용할 수 있습니다. 이러한 목표를 달성하기 위해 시뮬레이션을 피스톤 이동이 시작되기 전에 실제 온도분포를 묘사해야 합니다. 온도는 배치된 열에 의해 숏 챔버에서 국부적으로 측정되었으며 시뮬레이션 내 실제 데이터와 잘 일치하여 성공적으로 묘사 될 수 있었습니다. 금형 충진 중에 금형 표면에서 온도 측정을 참조 할 수도 있습니다. 시간 경과에 따른 그 변화는 시뮬레이션 결과와 잘 일치합니다.
표면장력이나 응고 항력계수와 같은 용융의 유동을 정의하는 추가 매개 변수 단계에서는 다른 설정과 시뮬레이션을 비교하여 조정됩니다. 시뮬레이션 내에서 용융물의 흐름이 실제 시험과 일치하는 즉시 매개 변수가 설정됩니다
Figure 5. Adjustment of melt flow defining parameters such as the surface tension by comparisons of real experiments (left) to simulations (right)
냉각 및 용해 흐름 특성을 정의한 후 입자의 유입을 시뮬레이션 합니다. 입자 / 유체 의 상호 작용에 대한 시뮬레이션을 조정하기 위해 매개 변수계수의 X 선 샘플과 비교가 되며 구리선 입자에서는 수산화 마그네슘보다 높은 함량 입자가 적용됩니다. (그림 6 참조). 시뮬레이션 결과는 실험과 매우 잘 어울리므로 프로세스 매개 변수의 함수로서 입자 분포의 신뢰할 수 있습니다.
Figure 6. Adjustment of parameters influencing particle/melt-interactions by comparisons of x-rayed samples left); produced by the entrainment of copper particles) to simulations (right)
Conclusion
전체적으로 FLOW-3D는 실제 생산 전에 새로운 부품 제조의 잠재적 결함을 조사하는 중요한 수단이 될 수 있다는 것을 증명할 수 있었습니다. 이러한 방식으로, 차가운 흐름 또는 데드 존이 없는 성공적인 충전 및 발포제 분포가 보장 될 수 있다. 또한, 예상되는 온도 필드의 정확한 묘사로, 수소화 마그네슘의 분해 특성 및 기공형성을 예측할 수 있습니다. 이는 일체형 폼 구조와 관련하여 고객의 요구를 충족시키기 위한 공정 변수를 정의 할 수 있는 가능성을 제공합니다
1 Criterion is the solid phase fraction where the shear strength and therefore the resistance to pore evolution increases drastically.
References
[1] C. Körner, R. F. Singer, Adv. Eng. Mater. 2000, 2 (4), pp. 159-165.
[2] C. Körner, in Integral Foam Molding of Light Metals – Technology, Foam Physics and Foam Simulation, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany 2008.
[3] H. Wiehler, C. Körner, R. F. Singer, Adv. Eng. Mater. 2008, 10 (3), pp. 171-178.
[4] J. Hartmann, A. Trepper, C. Körner, Adv. Eng. Mater. 2011, 13 (11), pp. 1050-1055.
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유체 흐름 및 열 전달 해석용 소프트웨어 패키지에는 여러 형태가 있습니다. 물리적 근사와 수치 해법의 기법이 패키지마다 크게 다르기 때문에 적절한 패키지를 선택하는 것은 매우 어렵습니다. 다음 설명에서는 열유동 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어를 선택할 때 고려해야 할 중요한 몇 가지를 소개합니다.
Software packages for fluid flow and heat transfer analysis come in many forms. These packages differ greatly in their physical approximations and numerical solution techniques, which makes the selection of a suitable package a challenging proposition. The following discussion covers some important items to consider when choosing flow simulation software.
유한 요소 또는 “body-fitted coordinates”를 채용하고 있는 수치해석 방법은 유체 영역의 기하학적 형상에 적합한 격자를 생성해야 합니다. 정확한 수치 근사치를 얻기 위해 허용 할 수 있는 요소 크기 및 형상에서 이러한 격자를 생성하는 것은 매우 중요한 작업입니다.
복잡한 경우에는 이와 같은 방법으로 격자를 생성하면 며칠 또는 몇 주가 걸릴 수 있습니다. 어떤 프로그램은 사각형의 격자 요소만을 사용함으로써 문제를 해결하려고 하지만, 그럴 경우에는 경계부분에 계단이 생기고 흐름과 열전달 특성이 달라지는 문제에 직면하게 됩니다.
FLOW-3D는 FAVOR™(면적율 / 부피 비율)법 을 사용하여 지오메트리의 특성을 원활하게 포함하므로써, 간단한 사각형 격자만으로도 두 문제를 해결할 수 있습니다. 또한, 간단하고 강력한 솔리드 모델러가 FLOW-3D 패키지에 기본 포함되어 있으며, CAD 프로그램에서 생성한 기하형상 데이터를 가져올 수 있습니다.
Solution methods that employ finite-element or “body-fitted coordinates” require the generation of a solution grid that conforms to the geometry of the flow region. It is a non-trivial task to generate these grids with acceptable element sizes and shapes for accurate numerical approximations. In complicated cases this type of grid generation may consume days or even weeks of effort. Some programs attemptto eliminate this generation problem by using only rectangular grid elements, but then they must contend with “stair-step” boundaries that alter flow and heat-transfer properties. FLOW-3D solves both problems by using easy-to-generate rectangular grids in which geometric features are smoothly embedded using the FAVOR™ (fractional area/volume) method. A simple and powerful solids modeler is packaged with FLOW-3D or users may import geometric data from a CAD program.
유체 운동량의 정확한 처리가 중요한 몇 가지 이유가 있습니다. 첫째, 이것은 복잡한 기하학적 형상에서 유체가 어떻게 흐르는지를 예측하는 유일한 방법입니다. 둘째, 액체에 의하여 걸린 동적인 힘(압력)은 운동량에서만 계산할 수 있습니다. 마지막으로, 열 에너지의 대류 수송을 계산하려면 다른 유체 입자 및 경계에 대한 개별 유체 입자의 상대적인 움직임을 정확하게 파악하는 것이 필요합니다. 이것은 운동량의 정확한 처리를 의미합니다. 운동량 보존을 대충 근사하기만 한 CFD 모델은 FLOW-3D에서는 사용되지 않습니다. 이러한 모델은 현실적인 유체 구성 및 온도 분포 예측에 사용할 수 없기 때문입니다.
An accurate treatment of fluid momentum is important for several reasons. First, it is the only way to predict how fluid will flow through complicated geometry. Second, the dynamic forces (i.e., pressures) exerted by the fluid can only be computed from momentum considerations. Finally, to compute the convective transport of thermal energy, it is necessary to have an accurate picture of how individual fluid particles move in relation to other fluid particles and confining boundaries. This implies an accurate treatment of momentum. Simplified flow models that only crudely approximate the conservation of momentum are not used in FLOW-3D because they cannot be used to predict realistic fluid configurations and temperature distributions.
액체와 고체 사이 (금속 주형 등)의 열전달은 경계면 면적의 정확한 추정이 필요합니다. 경계가 계단 모양으로 되어 있는 경우, 보통 이 면적이 크게 추정됩니다. 예를 들어, 실린더의 표면적은 약 27 %정도 크게 추정됩니다. FLOW-3D의 경우 정확한 경계면 면적은 FAVOR™법에 따라 FLOW-3D 전처리기에서 컨트롤 볼륨마다 자동으로 계산됩니다.
Heat transfer between a liquid and a solid (e.g., metal-to-mold) requires an accurate estimate of the interfacial area. Stair-step boundaries over-estimate this area; for example, the surface area of a cylinder would be over-estimated by a factor of 27%. Accurate interfacial areas are automatically computed by the FAVOR™ method for each control volume in the FLOW-3D pre-processor.
컨트롤 볼륨의 크기가 액체와 고체 사이에서 교환되는 열 비율과 양에 영향을 줄 수 있습니다. 이것은 열이 액체와 고체의 경계면을 포함하는 컨트롤 볼륨을 흐를 필요가 있기 때문입니다. FLOW-3D는 액체와 고체의 경계면에 걸쳐 열 전달률을 계산할 때 컨트롤 볼륨의 크기와 전도율이 고려됩니다.
The size of control volumes can influence the rate and amount of heat exchanged between a liquid and solid because heat must also flow in the control volumes containing the liquid/solid interface. In FLOW-3D control volume sizes and their conductivities are accounted for when computing heat transfer rates across liquid-solid interfaces.
비선형 방정식과 결합 방정식의 Implicit 방법은 반복 될 때마다 under-relaxation 특성을 갖는 반복적 해법이 필요합니다. 이 동작은 상황에 따라 심각한 오류 (또는 수렴 속도의 급격한 하락)가 발생할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, 비율이 큰 컨트롤 볼륨을 사용하는 경우나, 실제로는 중요하지 않은 효과를 예상하고 암시적인 해법을 사용하는 경우 등입니다. FLOW-3D는 가능한 명시적인 수치해법이 사용되고 있습니다. 이것은 필요한 계산량이 적고, 수치 안정성의 요구 사항이 요구된 정밀도에 상응하기 때문입니다. 자세한 내용은 “암시적인 수치해법과 명시적인 수치해법“을 참조하십시오.
Implicit methods for nonlinear and coupled equations require iterative solution methods that have the character of an under-relaxation in each iteration. This behavior can cause significant errors (or very slow convergence) in some situations, for example, when using control volumes with large aspect ratios or when the implicitness is used in anticipation of an effect that is not actually significant. In FLOW-3D explicit numerical methods are used whenever possible because they require less computational effort, and their numerical stability requirements are equivalent to accuracy requirements. Read more in the Implicit vs. Explicit Numerical Methods article.
모든 크기의 타임 스텝 크기를 계산에 사용할 수 있는 암시적인 수치 기법은 CPU 시간을 줄이기 위해 많이 사용되는 방법입니다. 불행하게도, 이 방법은 대류 현상 해석에 대해 정확하지 않습니다. 암시적인 해법은 근사 방정식에 확산 효과를 도입함으로써 시간 단계의 독립성을 획득합니다. 수치 확산을 물리적 확산 (열전도 등)에 추가해도 확산율이 변경될 뿐이므로 심각한 문제가 되지 않을 수 있습니다. 그러나 수치 확산(발산)을 대류 과정에 추가하면 모델링 대상의 물리 현상의 특성은 완전히 다르게 됩니다. FLOW-3D는 시간의 정확한 근사치를 보장하기 위해 프로그램에 의해 time step이 자동으로 제어됩니다.
Implicit numerical techniques that allow arbitrarily large time-step sizes to be used in calculations are a popular way to reduce CPU time requirements. Unfortunately, these methods are not accurate for convective processes. Implicit methods gain their time-step independence by introducing diffusive effects into the approximating equations. The addition of numerical diffusion to physical diffusion, e.g., to heat conduction, may not cause a serious problem as it only modifies the diffusion rate. However, adding numerical diffusion to convective processes completely changes the character of the physical phenomena being modeled. In FLOW-3D time steps are automatically controlled by the program to ensure time-accurate approximations.
암시적으로 근사치를 사용하는 수치법은 하나 이상의 수렴 및 완화(이완)의 매개 변수를 선택해야 합니다. 이러한 매개 변수를 신중하게 선택하지 않으면 발산하거나 수렴에 시간이 걸리는 경우가 있습니다. FLOW-3D를 융합하는 매개 변수와 완화(이완) 매개 변수를 하나씩만 사용하여 두 매개 변수는 프로그램에 의해 동적으로 선택됩니다. 수치 해법을 제어하는 매개 변수를 사용자가 설정할 필요는 없습니다.
Numerical methods that use implicit approximations also require the selection of one or more convergence and relaxation parameters. Making poor choices for these parameters can lead to either divergences or slow convergence rates. Only one convergence and one relaxation parameter are used in FLOW-3D, and both parameters are dynamically selected by the program. Users are not required to set any parameters controlling the numerical solver.
액체와 기체의 경계면 (자유 표면 등)의 모델링에 사용되는 방법은 두 가지가 있습니다. 하나는 액체, 기체 두 영역의 흐름을 계산하고 경계면을 유체 밀도의 급격한 변화로 처리하는 방법입니다.
일반적으로 밀도의 불연속은 고차 수치 근사를 사용하여 모델링됩니다. 불행하게도 이 프로세스는 소수의 격자 셀에서 경계면이 평탄화되고, 이러한 경계면에 보통 존재하는 유체흐름의 접선 속도의 급격한 변화는 고려되지 않습니다.
기체가 계산 영역에 들어가는 액체로 대체되는 경우에는 이 방법에는 기체의 출구 포트 또는 출구 싱크도 보충 할 필요가 있습니다. 또한 이러한 방법은 일반적으로 유체의 비압축성를 충족하기 위해 더 많은 노력이 필요합니다. 이것이 발생하는 기체 영역에 거의 균일 한 압력 조정이 필요하며, 이를 통해 계산 수렴 시간이 소요되기 때문입니다.
FLOW-3D는 VOF (Volume-of-Fluid) 법 이라는 독창적인 방법이 사용되고 있습니다. 이것은 진정한 3 차원 경계면 추적 방식으로, 경계면을 3 차원 인터페이스로 추적하는 체계입니다. 또한 옵션의 표면 장력을 포함한 일반적인 접선 응력 경계 조건은 경계면에 적용됩니다. 기체 영역은 모델에 포함하도록 사용자가 요청하지 않는 한 계산되지 않습니다.
There are two methods used to model liquid-gas interfaces (i.e., free surfaces). One of these is to compute flow in both the liquid and gas regions and to treat the interface as a sharp change in fluid density. Typically, the density discontinuity is modeled using higher-order numerical approximations. Unfortunately, this treatment allows the interface to smooth out over a few grid cells and does not account for a corresponding sharp change in tangential flow velocity that generally exists at such interfaces. This technique must also be supplemented with escape ports or sinks for the gas if it is to be replaced by liquid entering a computational region. Further, such methods must typically work harder to satisfy the incompressibility of the fluids. This happens because gas regions must have nearly uniform pressure adjustments which tend to slow down the solution convergence rate. A different technique, the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method, is used in FLOW-3D. This is a true three-dimensional interface tracking scheme in which the interface is closely maintained as a step discontinuity. Moreover, normal and tangential stress boundary conditions, including optional surface tension forces, are applied at the interface. Gas regions are not computed unless the user requests these regions to be included in the model.
본 자료는 국내 사용자들의 편의를 위해 원문 번역을 해서 제공하기 때문에 일부 오역이 있을 수 있어서 원문과 함께 수록합니다. 자료를 이용하실 때 참고하시기 바랍니다.
FLOW-3D CAST v5 comes in Suites of relevant casting processes:
High Pressure Die Casting
Thermal Die Cycling
– Cooling/heating channels
– Spray cooling
Filling
– Shot sleeve with Plunger
– Shot motion
– Ladles, stoppers
– Venting efficiency
– PQ^2 analysis
– HPDC machine database
Solidification
– Squeeze pins
Cooling
Permanent Mold Casting
Low Pressure Die Casting
Tilt Pour Casting
Thermal Die Cycling
– Cooling/heating channels
Filling
– Tilt pouring
Solidification
– Squeeze pins
Cooling
Sand Casting
Low Pressure Sand Casting
Filling
– Permeable molds
– Moisture evaporation in molds
– Gas generation in cores
– Ladle model
Solidification
– Exothermic sleeves
– Chills
– Cast iron solidification
Cooling
Lost Foam
Sand Casting
Low Pressure Sand Casting
Filling
– Permeable molds
– Moisture evaporation in molds
– Gas generation in cores
– Ladle model
– Lost foam pattern evaporation models (Fast model and Full model)
– Lost foam defect prediction
Solidification
– Exothermic sleeves
– Chills
– Cast iron solidification
Cooling
ALL NEW FLOW-3D CAST v5
ALL NEW FLOW-3D CAST v5 는 금속 주조 시뮬레이션 및 공정 모델링에 있어 큰 발전입니다. 이제 FLOW-3D CAST는 시뮬레이션 할 프로세스를 선택할 수 있으며, 소프트웨어는 적절한 프로세스 매개 변수, 지오메트리 유형 및 합리적인 기본 값을 제공합니다. 이렇게 하면 시뮬레이션 설정이 상당히 간소화됩니다. 또한 FLOW-3D CAST의 강력한 시뮬레이션 엔진과 결함 예측을 위한 새로운 도구는 설계 주기를 단축하고 비용을 절감하는 통찰력을 제공합니다. 대표적인 개발 기능으로 응고 시뮬레이션을 위한 열 계수 및 핫 스팟 식별 출력, 갇혀 있는 가스를 식별하고 환기 효율을 예측하기 위한 결함 채우기 도구 등이 포함됩니다. 그리고 더 빠르고 더 강력한 압력과 및 응력 해소 기능이 모두 포함합니다.
ALL NEW FLOW-3D CAST v5 는 관련 프로세스가 포함된 Suite제품으로 제공됩니다. 영구 금형 제품군은 중력 다이 캐스팅, 저압 다이캐스팅(LPDC), 틸트 주입 주조와 같은 프로세스 작업 공간을 포함합니다. 각 프로세스에 대해 사용자 인터페이스는 특정 프로세스와 관련된 내용만 표시합니다. 모래 주조 Suite에는 중력 사형 주조 및 저압 사형 주조(LPSC)와 같은 프로세스가 포함되어 있습니다. 소실 폼 제품 군에는 사형 주조 Suite의 모든 것과 소실 폼 공정 작업 공간이 포함됩니다. HPDC 제품군은 열 응력 및 변형을 포함하여 고압 다이 캐스팅과 관련된 모든 것을 포함합니다. 각 프로세스 작업 공간 내에서 채우기, 응고 및 냉각과 같은 하위 프로세스는 서로 연결된 시뮬레이션으로, 처음부터 끝까지 차례로 전체 프로세스를 모델링 합니다. 사용자가 그것을 작업장 바닥에서 하는 것처럼. 사용자는 레들을 용융 풀 안에 담갔다가, 숏 슬리브 또는 주입 컵에 옮겨, 전체 이동 및 주입과 같은 단계를 포함하도록 프로세스를 확장할 수 있습니다. LPDC의 경우 프로세스 엔지니어는 도가니의 가압 및 금속 흐름을 주형으로 모델링 할 수 있습니다. FLOW-3D CAST v5를 사용하면 가능성이 무한해 집니다.
WYSIWYN Process Workspaces
What-You-See-Is-What-You-Need (WYSIWYN) 프로세스 작업 공간은 FLOW-3D CAST의 다기능성을 간소화하여 사용 편의성과 탁월한 솔루션입니다. 대부분의 인터페이스는 사용자가 제공해야 하는 정보만을 요구하고, 사용자 설계 원칙을 적용하여 단순화되었습니다.
FLOW-3D CAST v4.2에 도입된 프로세스 중심 작업 공간은 중력 다이 주조, 저압 주조 및 경사 주입, 모래 등과 같은 영구 금형 공정으로 확장되었습니다. 중력 모래 주조, 저압 모래 주조 및 소실 폼과 같은 주조 공정 지속적인 주조, 투자 주조, 모래 코어 제작, 원심 주조를 포함한 더 많은 공정 작업 공간이 현재 진행 중에 있습니다.
Simulation setup is simplified by only showing the components applicable for a given process.
Types of casting components available in a HPDC simulation. Mold pieces available in a high pressure die casting include cover and ejector dies, sliders, and shot sleeves.
파티클을 사용하는 FLOW-3D CAST v5를 통해 유입된 가스로 인한 충전 결함을 식별하는 것이 훨씬 쉬워 졌습니다. 결함을 식별하기가 훨씬 용이할 뿐만 아니라, 결함 예측에 따른 계산 비용도 크게 절감되었습니다.
붕괴된 가스 지역을 나타내는 보이드 입자가 도입되었습니다. 이전에 붕괴된 가스 영역은 너무 압축되어 수치 메쉬에서 해결할 수 없으면 시뮬레이션에서 사라졌습니다. 보이드 입자는 작은 기포처럼 작용하며 드래그와 압력을 통해 금속과 상호 작용합니다. 주변의 금속 압력에 따라 크기가 변하며, 주입이 끝난 후 최종 위치를 보면 공기 침투 및 산화물로 인한 잠재적인 결함이 있음을 알 수 있습니다.
Predict filling defects caused by entrapped gas using the Particle Model.
벽면 접촉 시간은 금형 표면에서 다른 부위보다 금속에 더 오래 노출된 부위를 식별하는 데 유용합니다. 금속 접촉 시간은 금속이 고체 구성 요소와 접촉한 시간을 나타냅니다. 예를 들어 모래 입자가 핵분해 부위의 역할을 하기 때문에 미세 먼지가 발생할 수 있습니다. 개별 솔리드 구성 요소와의 금속 접촉 시간 출력이 모든 구성 요소와의 접촉 시간을 포함하도록 확장되었습니다. 접촉 시간 계산은 출력 탭에서 벽 접촉 시간을 선택하여 활성화합니다.
Identify solidification defects with the new Thermal Modulus output.
일반적으로 라이저 크기 조정에 사용되는 열 모듈은 이제 응고 시뮬레이션에서 출력됩니다.
Risers will likely need to be placed on the circled regions.
또 다른 결과인 “핫 스팟”은 라이저를 찾고 크기를 조정하며, 응고 관련 결함의 가능성을 식별하는 데 유용합니다. 핫 스팟은 최종적으로 응고된 부위를 나타냅니다. 이것들은 입자들로 표현되고 뜨거운 점 크기에 의해 색깔이 변하기도 합니다. 라이저는 핫 스팟 크기가 가장 큰 곳에 배치해야 합니다.
FlowSight의 새로운 Porosity Analysis Tool은 실제적인 측면에서 porosity-related 결점을 식별합니다. 결점은 이제 순 볼륨, 최대 선형 범위, 모양 인자 및 total count로 식별됩니다.
New defect identification tools allow users to analyze porosity.
기능 지향적인 2D 클립은 결함을 찾기 위해 전면적으로 살펴 볼 때 유용합니다. 이전에는 클립에 표시된 금속 영역이 솔리드에 의해 점유된 셀로 확장되었습니다. 잡식의 FLOW-3D CAST v5에서 이 클립은 구성 요소를 숨기는 옵션을 선택해야만 열린 공간(예:주조 부품)의 금속을 보여 줄 수 있습니다.
고압 주조 시뮬레이션에 지정된 강화 압력은 이제 매크로 및 마이크로 Porosity모델 모두에 결합되어 형성 사이의 보다 현실적인 관계를 형성합니다. 이러한 결함의 크기 및 플런저에 의해 가해지는 압력의 크기입니다.
사용자가 금속의 특성을 수정할 필요 없이 수축 다공성의 양과 크기를 미세 조정할 수 있도록 수축 조정 계수가 추가되었습니다. 계수를 사용하면 응고 중에 체적 수축의 양을 전화로 설정하거나 줄일 수 있습니다.
사용자가 충전 결함을 식별하고 다이캐스트에서 밴트 시스템을 설계하는 데 도움을 주기 위해 마지막 국부적인 가스 압력 및 밴트 효율성 검토 결과가 주조 시뮬레이션 출력에 추가되었습니다. 가스 압력은 셀이 금속으로 채워지기 전에 셀의 마지막 보이드 압력을 기록하며, 밴트 효율은 환기구를 배치하는 것이 밴트 위치에서 공기를 배출하는 데 가장 효율적인 영역을 보여 줍니다.
주조 공정에서 일반적으로 사용되는 정보의 데이터베이스는 설정 오류를 줄이고 시뮬레이션 workflow 를 개선합니다.
시뮬레이션을 실행할 때 발생하는 중요하지만 종종 힘든 작업은 시뮬레이션을 모니터링하는 것입니다. FLOW-3D CAST를 사용하면 다음과 같은 일반적인 시뮬레이션 목표를 모니터링할 수 있습니다.
이제 시뮬레이션 관리자에는 더 많은 플롯 기능이 포함됩니다. 플롯은 사용자가 구성할 수 있으며 구성은 다른 시뮬레이션에서 사용하기 위해 데이터베이스에 저장됩니다. 사용자는 시뮬레이션 런타임 그래프와 history-data 에서 모니터링할 이력 데이터 변수를 지정할 수 있습니다. 다중 변수를 각 그래프에 입력합니다.
임의 형상의 활성 계산 영역을 정의할 수 있도록 적합한 메쉬 기능이 확장되었습니다. 이는 메쉬 블록이 준수할 수 있는 열린 볼륨과 솔리드 볼륨을 모두 포함하여 계산 도메인의 영역을 정의하는 meshing구성 요소라고 하는 새로운 유형의 지오메트리 구성 요소를 사용합니다.
메쉬 블록은 냉각 채널이나 공동에 선택적으로 조합할 수 있어 사용자가 이러한 기하학적 객체에 대해 최적의 해상도를 선택할 수 있습니다. 이제 확인할 수 있는 메쉬가 FAVORize 탭에 표시될 수 있습니다.
FLOW-3D CAST v5의 인터페이스는 주조 시뮬레이션에서 다양한 형상 구성 요소를 꽉 차게 보여줍니다. 2개의 새로운 형상 요약 뷰인 구성 요소 요약 뷰와 냉각 채널 요약 뷰는 기하학적 구성 요소 및 냉각 채널의 플라이 아웃을 제공하여 사용자가 신속하게 수행할 수 있도록 합니다. 중요 설정을 한 눈에 파악하고 필요한 경우 변경 할 수 있습니다.
FLOW-3D CAST의 많은 강력한 구성 요소들은 Solver Engine이라고 부르는 것 들에서 중요합니다. 아래에서는 이면에서 무거운 작업을 수행하는 데 도움이 되는 몇가지 중요한 사항을 설명합니다.
열 다이 사이클 시뮬레이션의 주입/응고 단계는 균일하지 않은 캐비티 온도를 사용하여 개선할 수 있습니다. 이제 캐비티에 있는 금속의 초기 온도는 재시작 중에 채우기 시뮬레이션을 통해 지정하거나 초기 유체 영역을 사용하는 사용자 정의 분포에서 지정할 수 있습니다. 이 기능은 옵션으로 사용할 수 있는 균일한 초기 금속 온도에 비해 다이 사이클링의 열해석의 정확성과 현실성을 높여줍니다.
Melt temperatures in the casting cavity read from a filling simulation are applied to ejector die during filling/solidification stage of thermal die cycling simulation.
스프레이 유체와 다이 표면 사이의 열 전달 계수(HTC)를 추정하는 것은 어려운 일입니다. 계산 또는 측정을 통해 값을 사용할 수 있는 경우 사용자는 이러한 값을 스프레이 거리 및 각도의 함수로 직접 지정할 수 있습니다. 새로운 기능을 통해 노즐의 스프레이 액의 유량을 기준으로 HTC를 동적으로 계산할 수 있습니다. 단일 조정 계수를 통해 스프레이 유출량을 기준으로 HTC를 미세 조정할 수 있습니다.
응고 모델은 열전달이 활성화되고(Physics → Heat Transfer → Fluid internal energy advection) 유체비열(Fluids → Fluid 1 → Thermal Properties → Specific heat)과 전도도(Fluids → Fluid 1 → Thermal Properties → Thermal Conductivity) 이 지정될 때 사용될 수 있다. 단지 유체 1만 상 변화를 겪을 수 있다.
응고모델을 활성화하기 위해 Fluids → Fluid 1 → Solidification Model 을 체크하고 물성 Fluids → Fluid 1 → Solidification Model 가지에서 Liquidus temperature, Solidus temperature, 그리고 Latent heat of fusion 를 지정한다. 가장 간단한 모델(Latent Heat Release Definition 에 펼쳐지는 메뉴에서 Linearly with constant 를 선택)에서, 잠열은 물체가 Liquidus 에서 Solidus 온도로 냉각될 때 선형적으로 방출된다. 고상에서의 상변화열을 포함하는, 잠열 방출의 더 자세한 모델을 위해 온도의 함수로 잠열방출을 정의하기 위해 Specific energy vs. temperature 또는 Solid fraction vs. temperature 선택을 사용한다. 이 지정에 대한 더 자세한 내용은 이론 매뉴얼의 Heat of Transformation 를 참조한다.
응고는 유체의 강직성 및 유동저항을 뜻한다. 이 강직성은 두 가지로 모델링 된다. 낮은 고상율에 대해 즉 Fluids → Fluid 1 → Solidification Model → Solidified Fluid 1 Properties → Coherent Solid Fraction 의 coherency 점 밑에서는 점도는 고상율의 함수이다. 간섭 고상율보다 큰 고상율에 대해서는 고상율의 함수에 비례하는 항력계수를 갖는 Darcy 형태의 항력이 이용된다. 이 항력은 모멘텀 방정식에 (bx,by,bz) 로써 추가된다- Momentum Equations 를 보라. 이 항력의 계산은 Solidification Drag Model 에서 기술된다. 항력계수는 사용자가 유동저항에 양을 조절할 수 있는 Coefficient of Solidification Drag 인자를 포함한다. 항력계수는 FLOW-3D 출력에서 기록된 속도에 상응하는 지역 상 평균 속도에 의해 곱해진다.
Fluid 1 Properties)을 지나면 항력은 무한대가 되고 계산격자 관련하여 유동이 있을 수 없다(단 예외로 Moving Solid Phase를 참조).
Note
모든 유체가 완전히 응고하면 모사를 정지시키기 위해 General → Finish condition → Solidified fluid fraction 를 이용한다. General → Finish condition → Finish fraction 은 모사를 중지하기 위한 고상율 값을 정한다.
주조 시 mushy zone 은 액상과 고상이 혼합물로 존재하는 지역이다. 이 지역 혼합점도는 동축의 수지상 조직(과냉각된 액체 안에서 방사상으로 자라는 결정으로 된 구조) 이 액체 안에서 자유롭게 부유할 때 영향을 미친다.
일단 수지상 조직의 간섭성이 발생하여 고정된 고상 망이 형성되면 액상이 고정된 다공 수지상 구조를 통과해야 하므로 추가의 유동손실이 발생한다. 다른 방법으로는 간섭점을 지난 액/고상 혼합물은 다공물질을 통한 유동 대신에 고점도의 유체로 간주될 수 있다. 점성유체로 간주하는 접근은 예를 들면 연속 이중 롤 주조 과정같이 고상이 계속 이동 및 변형할 때 유용하다.
응고에 의한 항력계수를 정의하기 위해 사용자는 우선 열전달 및 응고모델을 활성화 해야 한다. 이들은 Model Setup → Physics 탭 에서 활성화될 수 있다. 수축모델 또한 응고모델 창에서 활성화될 수 있다.
일단 Solidification 모델이 활성화되면 항력의 공식이 지정될 필요가 있다. Solidification대화의 밑 좌측 모퉁이에서 Porous media drag-based 와 Viscosity-based 의 항력공식 중의 선택을 한다.
밑에 주어진 Darcy법칙은 수지상 구조를 위한 다공매질내의 수학적 유동기술이다.[Poi87].
(19)
여기서 u 는 수지상 구조 내 유동의 속도이고 ∇P 는 지역 압력구배, 그리고 K 는 mushy 구역의 특정 투수성이다. 이 방정식은 단지 유동이 거의 정상 상태이고, 관성효과가 없으며 유체의 체적율이 일정하고 균일하며 액체-액체의 상호작용 힘이 없을 때 유효하다. 투수성을 정의하는데 이용될 수 있는 대 여섯 개의 모델이 있으나 FLOW-3D 는 밑에 보여주는 Blake-Kozeny 을 이용한다. 다른 모델들은 코드와 함께 제공되는 소스코드를 사용자 사양에 맞게 수정하여 추가할 수 있다.
(20)
여기서
C2 는 전형적으로 와 같은 비틀림
fs 는 고상율이고
λ1는 유동을 위한 특정 치수
이 응용에서 수지상 가지 간격(DAS)이 이용된다.
(21)
수지상 가지 간격(DAS)에 대한 일반적인 값들은 밑에 주어져 있다.
| COOLING RATE, K/s | PRODUCTION PROCESSES | DENDRITE ARM SPACING,  |
|---|---|---|
 to  |
large castings | 5000 to 200 |
to  |
small castings, continuous castings, die castings, strip castings, coarse powder atomization | 200 to 5 |
to  |
fine powder atomization, melt spinning, spray deposition, electron beam or laser surface melting | 5 to 0.05 |
Range of cooling rates in solidification processes [CF85]
FLOW-3D 는 액고상 변화를 모델링하기 위해 다공매질항력을 이용한다. 항력은 고상율의 함수이다. 사용자에게 두 수축모델이 이용 가능하다; 급속 수축 모델 과 완전 유동모델. 급속 수축 모델은 상변화와 연관된 체적변화를 고려하지 않으며 유체는 정지해 있다고 가정한다. 완전 유동모델은 상변화가 관련된 체적변화를 고려한다. 항력은 투수성에 역으로 비례하므로 다음과 같이 표현될 수 있다.
(22)
여기서, Fd 는 FLOW-3D 에서 사용된 항력계수이다. 이 항력계수는 지역 속도에 의해 곱해지고 모멘텀 방정식의 오른쪽에서 차감된다 (Momentum Equations 참조). 식 (11.22) 를 재정리하고 식 (11.21) 로부터의 투수성에 치환하면 다음을 얻는다.
,
.See also
편절 모델은 대류와 확산에 의한 용질 이동에 따른 이원합금 요소에서의 변화를 모델링 하도록 되어 있다. 이 모델링은 Physics → Solidification 로 부터 될 수 있다.
Activate binary alloy segregation model 을 체크하고 편절 모델을 활성화한다.
여러 온도에서 평형에 있는2원합금 요소농도를 정의하는 상태도는 직선의 고상선 및 액상선을 가진다고 가정된다. 상태도는 입력데이터에 의해 구성되고 전처리 그림파일 prpplt 에 포함된다. Analyze → Existing 에서 이용 가능하다
Macro-Segregation Model (under Fluids → Fluid 1 → Solidification Model)에 관련된 일부 유체물성 트리가 밑에 보여진다. 상태도는 Reference Solute Concentration 에서의 the Solidus 와 Liquidus Temperatures 값들에 의해 정의된다. 추가로 Concentration Variables 밑의 Partition coefficient 도 정의되어야 한다. 그렇지 않으면 Pure Solvent Melting Temperature 가 정의될 수 있다. Partition coefficient 와 Pure Solvent Melting Temperature 둘 다가 지정되면 용매 용융 온도는 상태도로부터 재 정의된다.
Eutectic Temperature 또는 Eutectic Concentration 는 융해작용을 정의하기 위해 지정될 수 있다. 또 이 두 변수가 다 지정되면 Eutectic Concentration 은 상태도에서 재 정의된다.
Diffusion Coefficients 는 고상과 액상 사이의 용질의 확산계수 비율을 정의한다. 액체 내의 용질의 분자 확산계수는 Physics → Solidification 에서 specifying Solute diffusion coefficient 를 지정함으로써 정해진다. RMSEG 는 용질의 난류 확산계수 승수를 정의한다; 이는 입력파일에서 직접 지정된다.
용질 재 분배에 의한 농도변화가 중요하면 Physics → Density evaluation → Density evaluated as a function of other quantities를 정하고 용질농도의 선형함수로써 금속농도를 정의하기 위해 Fluids → Segregation model 밑의 Solutal Expansion Coefficient 를 용질 확장계수로 지정한다. 이 경우 Reference Solute Concentration 이 기준농도로 사용될 것이다. 추가로 Fluids → Fluid 1 → Density Properties → Volumetric Thermal Expansion 은 액체 내 열부력 효과를 참작하기 위해 지정될 수 있다(또한 Buoyant Flow참조).
초기 용질농도는 Meshing & Geometry → Initial → Global → Uniform alloy solute concentration 에서 지정될 수 있다. 불 균일한 초기 분포는 Alloy solute concentration 밑의 초기유체 구역 안에서 정의될 수 있다. 추가로 농도는 Initial Conditions: Region Values 에서 기술된 바와 같이 2차함수를 사용하는 부분을 편집하여 공간상의2차함수로 변화할 수 있다. 압력과속도 경계에서 용질 경계조건을 정하기 위해 Boundaries → Boundary face → Solute concentration 를 이용한다.
액상 및 고상 구성은 후처리에서 데이터 변환을 이용하여 그려질 수 있다. 용융 응고금속은 금속 내 용융의 질량 분율을 저장하는 SLDEUT 를 그림으로써 가시화될 수 있다.
액상 내 열구배가 크면 Physics → Heat Transfer → Second order monotonicity preserving 를 지정함으로써 더 나은 정확성을 위해 고차원 이류법을 사용한다.
mushy 지역에서의 유동손실은 수지상 가지 간격(DAS)의 함수인 Fluids → Fluid 1 → Solidification Model → Solidified Fluid 1 Properties → Coefficient of Solidification Drag 에 의해 조절된다. 후자는 이 모델에 의해 계산되지 않으므로 사용자는 Coefficient of Solidification Drag 를 지정해야 한다
Note
미세다공모델은 단지 응고(Solidification참조)를 모델링할 때 사용될 수 있고 Physics → Solidification → Activate micro-porosity model 에서 활성화된다. 필요한 입력은 Fluids → Densities → Fluid 1 and Fluids → Solidification Properties → Solidified Fluid 1 Properties → Density 에서 정의되는 액체와 고상 유체밀도이며 고상유체밀도는 액체밀도보다 크다. 또한 Fluids → Fluid 1 → Solidification Model → Solidified Fluid 1 Properties 안에 있는 Critical Solid Fraction 은 1.0보다작게 설정되어야 한다.
Square of the speed of sound at critical solid fraction 값이 정의될 수 있다. 이는 수축에 의해 mushy 지역에서 전개되는 커다란 음압에서의 응고유체의 압축성을 기술한다. Critical pressure at which gas pores can form 값은 모델이 Initial tab 탭에서 또는 재 시작 데이터에서 정의되는 유체내의 초기 압력과 결합되도록 한다.
Intensification pressure 또한 다공 생성을 지연시키기 위해 응고 시 shot sleeve plunger 에 의해 형성되는 추가압력을 고려하기 위한 고압 주조모사를 위해 정의될 수 있다. Intensification pressure 가 클수록 더 적은 양의 다공이 주조 시 응고 과정에서 발생할 것이다.
미세 다공 모델은 응고 모델의 활성화 이외의 어떤 다른 설정을 필요로 하지 않는다. 이는 완전 유동방정식이나 속도장이 0인 경우, 즉 순수한 열 문제에서도 함께 사용될 수 있다.
이 모델은 후처리 과정의 공간 및 이력에서 사용 가능한 Percent micro-porosity 라고 불리는 추가 출력 양을 생성한다.
Note
A Flow Science technical note on modeling micro-porosity (TN66) can be found at http://users.flow3d.com/technical-notes/.
| MAIN VARIABLES: | OBS: | IFOB, UTOBS, VTOBS, WTOBS |
이동고상 선택은 연속주조 모델링을 가능하게 한다. Continuous Casting Phantom 요소는 응고된 이동 유체가 있는 지역에서 정의된다. 이는 지정된 영역을 차지하지만 정의에만 존재하므로 환영요소라고 한다. 이는 실제로 면적이나 체적을 차지하지 않으므로 체적이 없고 결과에서도 고체요소로 보이지 않는다. 이는 Meshing & Geometry → Geometry → Component → Component Type 옆 펼쳐지는 메뉴에서 정의된다.
다른 방법으로는 입력파일(prepin.*)에서 IFOB(N) 변수가 4로 지정되고 N 은 요소 번호이다. 이 파일은 File → Edit Simulation…. 을 선택하여 이용될 수 있다. 또한 입력파일에서 시간의 함수(TOBS(t) 에 의해 지정되는)일 수 있는 가상 요소의 속도성분 UTOBS(t,N), VTOBS(t,N) 그리고 WTOBS(t,N) 이 지정된다.
Fluids → Fluid 1 → Solidification Properties → Solidified Fluid 1 Properties → Coherent Solid Fraction 에 의해 정의된 간섭 고상율 보다 큰 고상율에 대해서는 Darcy 형태의 항력 이 유체를 가상 요소의 속도로 움직이게 하는데 사용된다. 고상율이 Fluids → Fluid 1 → Solidification Properties → Solidified Fluid 1 Properties → Critical Solid Fraction 에서 지정된 경직점을 능가하게 되면 가상 요소의 속도를 따라 움직일 것이다.
Note
체적 수축은 소재가 응고하고 응고소재의 밀도가 액체소재의 밀도보다 클 때 나타난다(즉, Fluids → Fluid 1 → Solidification Model → Solidified Fluid 1 Properties → Density > Fluids → Fluid 1 → Density Properties → Density). 수축모델은 그러므로 Solidification 모델이 활성화되어야 하고 고상/액상의 두 밀도가 정의되어야 한다. 수축은 단지 1유체의 뚜렷한 경계면 문제에서만 모델링 될 수 있다.
두 가지 수축모델이 있다. Shrinkage model with flow effects 를 선택하면 완전 열 유체방정식을 해석한다(이론 매뉴얼의Solidification Shrinkage and Porosity Models 참조). 그러나 이 모델은 특히 장시간의 응고가 고려되면 컴퓨터 계산시간이 많이 소요된다. 다른 방법으로 사용자 Interface 에 Shrinkage model 이라고 불리는 단순모델이 있다.
이 모델은 단지 열전달 방정식의 해석에 의존하며 특히 내재적 열전달 모델 (Numerics → Explicit/implicit options → Heat transfer → Implicit –Thermal solution 참조)과 사용시에 빨리 해석할 수 있다. 액체 체적 내로의 유동 통로가 없을 때 내부공동이 발생한다.
이 두 모델에서 유입은 mushy 지역 유동에 대한 항력계수를 계산함으로써 정의된다. 격자 내 모든 점에서의 항력함수는 상수승수 Fluids → Solidification properties → Other → Coefficient of Solidification Drag (Solidification Drag Model 참조)를 가지는 지역 고상율의 함수로 계산된다. 항력함수의 역의 값은 공간 그림에서 가시화 될 수 있다: 이 그림을 위한 변수이름은 ‘drag coefficient’ 이다.
Mushy 지역에서의 커다란 유동 손실에 따른 부분적 유입이 Shrinkage model with flow effects 에서 발생할 수 있지만 단순화된 Shrinkage model 은 완전 유입이 아니면 유입이 없게 된다. 후자는 유입 통로를 따라 지역 고상율이 Fluids → Fluid 1 → Solidification Model → Solidified Fluid 1 Properties → Critical Solid Fraction (디폴트는1.0)에서 정의된 임계값보다 커질 때 발생한다. 추가로 고립된 액체 내의 금속의 고상율이 Coherent Solid Fraction 에 도달할 때까지 단순모델에서의 유입은 고립부 상부로부터 발생한다. 그 후로는 유입이 고립부의 가장 뜨거운 부분에서부터 발생한다.
모든 유체가 완전히 응고되면 모사가 정지하도록 General → Additional finish condition → Solidified fluid fraction 를 사용한다. 변수 Finish fraction 는 유체가 지정된 고상율에 도달할 때 모사가 정지하도록 하는데 사용될 수 있다.
Note
이송 방향을 결정하기 위해 단순 수축 모델에서 중력이 필요하며 좌표축 중 하나를 따라야합니다. 둘 이상의 중력 구성 요소가 0이 아닌 경우, 가장 큰 중력 구성 요소가 공급 방향을 결정하는 데 사용됩니다.
See also
열 다이 사이클링 시뮬레이션에서 다이의 온도 분포를 정확하게 예측하려면 스프레이 냉각의 공간 변화를 모델링해야 합니다. 새로운 다이 스프레이 냉각 모델은 이러한 목적으로 개발되었으며 현재 FLOW-3D의 최신 버전에서 사용할 수 있습니다. 이 모델은 전체 다이 캐비티에 걸쳐 일정한 열 전달 계수를 가정하는 대신 각 스프레이의 냉각을 명시적으로 계산합니다. 다이 표면의 스프레이 영역은 스프레이 노즐의 움직임으로 인해 지속적으로 계산되고 업데이트됩니다. 또한 모델은 분무되는 유체의 차단을 고려하여 살수 각도와 다이 표면의 형태로 인해 냉각에 미치는 영향을 고려한다. 새로운 모델은 안정적이고 현실적인 입력 매개 변수를 사용하여 다이 표면에 정확한 온도 분포를 제공하여 엔지니어가 냉각 프로세스를 보다 효율적으로 설계하고 최적화하여 핫 스팟을 제거할 수 있도록 도와 줍니다.
새 모델에서는 다이 표면의 형상과 분무 노즐 위치가 살수 냉각에 미치는 영향을 고려합니다. 아래 그림과 같이 다이 표면에 분사되는 일부 영역은 막히고 일부 영역은 2개 이상의 스프레이로 덮여 있습니다. 이러한 영역은 다양한 스프레이 냉각 효과를 구별하기 위해 광선 추적 알고리즘을 사용하여 계산하고 식별합니다. 스프레이 영역은 FlowSightTM에서 시각화할 수 있으며, 스프레이 냉각을 통해 유닛 영역별로 제거된 총 분사 시간 및 총 열 등의 다른 특성도 확인할 수 있습니다.
스프레이 냉각 메커니즘은 복잡하며 스프레이 냉각 열전달 계수 (HTC)는 스프레이 모양, 냉각수 유량, 스프레이 압력, 금형 온도, 스프레이 각도 및 스프레이 거리와 같은 다양한 변수에 따라 달라집니다. 스프레이 냉각 HTC 계산을 단순화하기 위해, 모든 스프레이 표면 요소에 대해 HTC는 기본 요소 HTC에 종속 요소 (예 : 원추형 스프레이)를 곱하여 계산됩니다.
스프레이 냉각 메커니즘은 복잡하며, 스프레이 냉각 열 전달 계수(HTC)는 스프레이 형태, 냉각수 유량, 스프레이 압력, 금형 온도, 스프레이 각도, 스프레이 거리 등 다양한 변수에 따라 달라집니다. 스프레이 냉각 HTC의 계산을 단순화하기 위해 모든 스프레이 표면 요소에 대해 HTC는 기본 HTC에 원뿔형 스프레이의 경우와 같은 의존성 요인을 곱한 후 계산됩니다.
여기에서
스프레이 거리 d와 스프레이 각도 β 및 ε의 의미는 아래 그림과 같습니다
기본 열 전달 계수 및 의존 계수 함수는 이론 또는 경험으로부터 유도 된 실험 측정으로부터 곡선 맞춤을 할 수 있습니다. 스프레이가 원추형이 아닌 경우 종속 요소가 다를 수 있습니다.
분무 노즐은 뱅크로 분류된다. 동일한 뱅크의 노즐은 스프레이 콘 각도와 같은 특성을 가지고 있다. 또한, 동일한 살수 매체 온도와 동일한 그룹의 다이 구성 요소에 분사하고, 동일한 상태 제어 표를 공유하며, 동일한 열 전달 계수 기능을 가진다.
모든 스프레이 노즐 뱅크는 사실상 동일한 로봇 암에 장착됩니다. 로봇 암의 변환 및 회전 이동은 FLOW–3D 에서 지정할 수 있습니다. 모션 데이터가 외부 파일에 저장된 경우 외부 파일에서 가져오거나 연결할 수 있습니다. 스프레이 기계에 프로그래밍된 제어 데이터를 모델에 직접 사용할 수 있기 때문에 외부 파일을 가져오거나 연결할 수 있으면 입력이 상당히 간단해 집니다.
노즐 속성은 노즐 데이터베이스에서 직접 읽을 수 있습니다. 열 전달 계수 기능은 스프레이 콘 각도를 포함한 스프레이 콘 특성에 따라 달라지기 때문에 노즐 데이터베이스에 포함된 모든 노즐 특성의 일부입니다. 데이터베이스에 노즐이 정의되어 있지 않으면 그 속성을 직접 입력할 수 있습니다. 열 전달 계수 기능은 상수이거나 표로 정의할 수 있습니다. 다른 테이블 입력과 마찬가지로 데이터를 외부 파일에 연결할 수 있습니다. 동일한 노즐을 자주 사용하는 경우 재료 데이터베이스에 새 재료를 추가하는 것과 유사하게 해당 특성을 노즐 데이터베이스에 쉽게 추가할 수 있습니다.
각 노즐에 대해 스프레이 출처 및 엔드 좌표 또는 스프레이 방향을 정의해야 합니다. 노즐 위치가 미리 설계되어 있고 데이터를 사용할 수 있거나 노즐 수가 상대적으로 많을 경우 외부 파일에서 이 위치를 읽을 수 있습니다. 노즐 수가 적으면 위치를 대화식으로 선택하고 표 형식으로 입력할 수 있습니다.
새로운 모델의 성능과 다이 스프레이 프로세스를 명시적으로 시뮬레이션하는 것의 중요성을 입증하기 위해 사례 연구가 수행되었습니다. 이는 큰 치수와 얇은 벽 두께를 가진 차량 구조 부품의 생산에 기초한다. 이젝터 다이의 다이 표면 안에 세개의 열전대가 배치됩니다. 위치는 다음 그림에 나와 있습니다. 첫번째 열전대는 주조 영역의 다이 표면에 배치됩니다. 두번째 열전대는 캐비티 밖에서 정의됩니다. 따라서 용해된 부분은 접촉하지 않지만 분사 과정 중에는 냉각되는 부분이 있습니다. 세번째 열전대는 비스킷에 있는데, 이것은 다이 내부의 핫 스폿입니다.
시뮬레이션은 5개의 사이클을 기반으로 하며, 각 사이클은 응고, 방출, 스프레이 냉각 및 주거라는 4개의 세그먼트로 정의됩니다. 전체 다이 캐비티에 걸쳐 일정한 열 전달 계수를 가정하는 암시적 다이 스프레이 냉각 시뮬레이션에서는 실제 공정 값을 사용할 수 없으므로 항상 스프레이의 평균 시간을 추정하기가 어렵습니다. 이 사례 연구에서는 열전대 1의 온도가 측정과 일치하도록 평균 시간을 추정하고 조정합니다. 반대로 각 스프레이 노즐의 냉각을 명시적으로 시뮬레이션하는 새로운 스프레이 냉각 모델의 경우, 실제 분사 프로세스에는 모든 시간 값이 포함되어 있어 시뮬레이션에 직접 전달될 수 있습니다. 이는 새로운 다이 스프레이 냉각 모델의 장점 중 하나입니다.
아래의 첫번째 애니메이션은 스프레이 냉각 중 다이 표면의 스프레이 영역을 보여 줍니다. 두번째 애니메이션은 다섯번째 주기에서 스프레이 냉각 중의 다이 표면 온도를 보여 줍니다. 글로벌 스프레이 및 핫 스팟 스프레이의 효과를 명확하게 확인할 수 있습니다.
Spray area during spray cooling. Simulation courtesy of Audi AG.
Die surface temperature at the fifth cycle of spray cooling. Simulation courtesy of Audi AG.
다섯번째 사이클 동안 세개의 열전대 온도가 다음 그림에 표시되어 있습니다. 실선은 암시적 모델의 결과를 나타내고 점선은 새로운 다이 스프레이 냉각 모델의 결과를 나타냅니다. 사이클이 끝날 때 세개의 열전대의 온도 차이도 표시됩니다. 암시적 모델에서 열전대 1의 온도를 일치시키기 위해 비스킷 영역이 지나치게 냉각되어 열전대 3에서 다이 온도의 90°C차이가 발생한다는 것을 알 수 있습니다. 이는 극적인 차이입니다. 다이 캐스터의 경우 비스킷의 온도는 다이 캐스팅 프로세스에서 매우 민감한 온도입니다. 사이클이 끝날 때 캐비티(열전대 2)외부의 온도 차이는 20°C입니다. 이러한 값은 실제 공정에서 우수한 품질의 주물이 생산되거나 사출 중에 다이에 응고되는지 여부를 결정합니다. 다이 스프레이 냉각 프로세스의 명확한 시뮬레이션은 정확한 다이 온도 분포를 예측하는 데 매우 중요합니다.
새로운 다이 스프레이 냉각 모델은 몰드 표면 형태의 영향과 스프레이 노즐의 위치 및 움직임을 고려하여 FLOW-3D 사용자에게 다이 준비의 모든 측면을 모델링 할 수 있는 능력을 제공합니다. 또한 열 다이 사이클 시뮬레이션을 위한 신뢰할 수 있고 사실적인 입력 파라미터를 사용하여 다이 표면의 정확한 온도 분포를 정확하게 예측할 수 있습니다. 이를 통해 금속 주물 엔지니어는 다이의 내부 냉각 구조와 스프레이 냉각 매개 변수를 보다 효율적으로 설계하고 평가할 수 있습니다.
용융 금속으로 부품을 채우는 동안 금속 주조물의 온도 출력
FLOW-3D 의 열 전달 모델은 전도, 대류 및 기본 복사를 통해 유체, 고체 및 공간 간의 열 전달을 설명하는 전체 공액 열 전달 방정식을 해결합니다. 서로 다른 매체 간의 열 전달 계수는 사용자에 의해 정의되거나 흐름 유형에 따라 자동으로 계산될 수 있습니다. 1차 및 2차 열 에너지 전달 알고리즘을 모두 사용할 수 있습니다.
특정 열유속에서부터 전원, 규정된 온도에 이르기까지 유체와 고체 사이의 열 전달을 모델링 할 수 있는 몇 가지 옵션이 제공되어, 다양한 열처리 과정을 모델링 할 수 있는 유연성을 제공합니다.
기본 열 전달 모델과 결합된 추가 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. 액체 / 고체 및 액체 / 증기 상 변화 모델을 사용하여 금속 응고, 물의 건조 및 비등 및 스프레이 냉각을 시뮬레이션 할 수 있습니다. 점성 가열 또한 고속 점성 유동에 포함될 수 있습니다.
위의 시뮬레이션은 고온에서 금형에 들어가고 open atmosphere와 금형을 포함하여 주변 환경에 의해 냉각된 유체의 상태를 보여줍니다.
Background
The “coffee ring” effect is the name given to a well known observation where the evaporative drying of a drop of coffee leaves behind a ring of dark material at the edge of the original drop. On first thought one would expect that the coffee particles, which are uniformly distributed in the drop, would simply be deposited uniformly over the area wetted by the drop. It has only been in recent years that researchers have uncovered the mechanisms that produce the ring effect (Deegan, R.D., et al).
As currently understood, the edges of drops can become pinned because of roughness or chemical elements on the surface on which they lie. Heat transfer to the drops from the substrate or the air induces evaporation, which is usually greater near the drop edge. Surface tension forces then adjust the curvature of the remaining liquid consistent with the pinned edge, which results in a net flow of liquid toward the edge. This flow replenishes the evaporative loss but also moves solute to the edge where it is concentrated by evaporation. Eventually, this mechanism builds up a ring deposit of solute at the original edge of the drop.
The residue from dried drops has implications for many useful applications, including general coating processes, formation of pixel arrays of organic materials for video displays and for a variety of micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) devices.
Because many factors control the distribution of dried residue it is desirable to have some means to model the fluid dynamics of the process to aid engineers in making the best choices for each specific application. Such a capability has been incorporated into FLOW-3D1 making it possible to computationally investigate the influence of such parameters as the initial solute concentration, fluid viscosity, volatility of the solvent, evaporation rate, surface tension and initial shape of the drop.
This technical note presents a brief description of the residue formation model and illustrates it with several computations of an evaporating drop subject to different physical conditions.
FLOW-3D has been applied to several natural-convection heat transfer problems to evaluates its effectiveness in this area.
FLOW-3D의 광범위한 다중 물리 기능(multiphysics )은 자유 표면 흐름, 표면 장력, 열전달, 난류, 움직이는 물체, 단순 변형 고체, 전기 기계, 캐비테이션, 탄/소성, 점성, 가소성, 입자, 고체 연료, 연소 및 위상 변화를 포함합니다.
이러한 모델은 FLOW-3D를 사용하는 사용자들이 기술 및 과학의 광범위한 문제를 해결하도록 설계를 최적화하고 복잡한 프로세스 흐름에 대한 통찰력을 얻을 수 있도록 합니다.
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다음은 Microfluidics Bibliography의 기술 문서 모음입니다.
이 모든 논문은 FLOW-3D 결과를 특징으로 합니다. 미세 유체 공정 및 장치 를 성공적으로 시뮬레이션하기 위해 FLOW-3D 를 사용 하는 방법에 대해 자세히 알아보십시오 .
2024년 11월 20일 Update
109-24 Dileep Karnam, Yu-Lung Lo, Chia-Hua Yang, Spray mist-assisted drilling of through silicon vias (TSV) using nanosecond laser: Influence of CNT nanofluid, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 31; pp. 679-688, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.06.109
22-24 Bin-Jie Lai, Li-Tao Zhu, Zhe Chen, Bo Ouyang, Zheng-Hong Luo, Review on blood flow dynamics in lab-on-a-chip systems: an engineering perspective, Chem & Bio Engineering, 1.1; pp. 26-43, 2024. doi.org/10.1021/cbe.3c00014
196-23 Daicong Zhang, Chunhui Jing, Wei Guo, Yuan Xiao, Jun Luo, Lehua Qi, Microchannels formed using metal microdroplets, Micromachines, 14.10; 1922, 2023. doi.org/10.3390/mi14101922
121-23 Feng Lin Ng, Zhanhong Cen, Yi-Chin Toh, Lay Poh Tan, A 3D-printed micro-perfused culture device with embedded 3D fibrous scaffold for enhanced biomimicry, International Journal of Bioprinting, 2023. doi.org/10.36922/ijb.0226
104-23 Cristina González-Fernández, Jenifer Gómez-Pastora, Eugenio Bringas, Inmaculada Ortiz, Computer-aided design of magnetophoretic microfluidic systems for enhanced recovery of target products, 33rd European Symposium on Computer-Aided Engineering (ESCAPE), 2023.
64-23 Tihomir Tjankov, Dimitar Trifonov, Conceptual design and 3D modeling of a microfluidic device for liver cells investigation, Industry 4.0, 8.2; pp. 39-41, 2023.
34-23 Chao Kang, Ikki Ikeda, Motoki Sakaguchi, Recoil and solidification of a paraffin droplet impacted on a metal substrate: Numerical study and experimental verification, Journal of Fluids and Structures, 118; 103839, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2023.103839
64-22 Babatunde Aramide, Computational modelling of electrohydrodynamic jetting (Taylor cone formation, dripping & jet evolution): Case study of electrospinning, Thesis, University College London, 2022.
42-22 Islam Hassan, P. Ravi Selvaganapathy, Microfluidic printheads for highly switchable multimaterial 3D printing of soft materials, Advanced Materials Technologies, 2101709, 2022. doi.org/10.1002/admt.202101709
138-21 Enver Guler, Mine Eti, Aydin Cihanoglu, Esra Altiok, Kadriye Ozlem Hamaloglu, Burcu Gokcal, Ali Tuncel, Nalan Kabay, Ion exchange membranes with enhanced antifouling properties to produce energy from renewable sources, Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Green and Smart Technologies for a Sustainable Society, Santander, Cantabria, Spain, December 9-10, 2021.
45-21 Navid Tonekaboni, Mahdi Feizbahr, Nima Tonekaboni, Guang-Jun Jiang, Hong-Xia Chen, Optimization of solar CCHP systems with collector enhanced by porous media and nanofluid, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2021; 9984940, 2021. doi.org/10.1155/2021/9984840
40-21 B. Hayes, G.L. Whiting, R. MacCurdy, Modeling of contactless bubble–bubble interactions in microchannels with integrated inertial pumps, Physics of Fluids, 33.4; 042002, 2021. doi.org/10.1063/5.0041924
Below is a collection of technical papers in our Microfluidics Bibliography. All of these papers feature FLOW-3D results. Learn more about how FLOW-3D can be used to successfully simulate microfluidic processes and devices.
14-21 Jian-Chiun Liou, Chih-Wei Peng, Philippe Basset, Zhen-Xi Chen, DNA printing integrated multiplexer driver microelectronic mechanical system head (IDMH) and microfluidic flow estimation, Micromachines, 12.1; 25, 2021. doi.org/10.3390/mi12010025
08-20 Li Yong-Qiang, Dong Jun-Yan and Rui Wei, Numerical simulation for capillary driven flow in capsule-type vane tank with clearances under microgravity, Microgravity Science and Technology, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/s12217-019-09773-z
89-19 Tim Dreckmann, Julien Boeuf, Imke-Sonja Ludwig, Jorg Lumkemann, and Jorg Huwyler, Low volume aseptic filling: impact of pump systems on shear stress, European Journal of Pharmeceutics and Biopharmeceutics, in press, 2019. doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.12.006
88-19 V. Amiri Roodan, J. Gomez-Pastora, C. Gonzalez-Fernandez, I.H. Karampelas, E. Bringas, E.P. Furlani, and I. Ortiz, CFD analysis of the generation and manipulation of ferrofluid droplets, TechConnect Briefs, pp. 182-185, 2019. TechConnect World Innovation Conference & Expo, Boston, Massachussetts, USA, June 17-19, 2019.
55-19 Julio Aleman, Sunil K. George, Samuel Herberg, Mahesh Devarasetty, Christopher D. Porada, Aleksander Skardal, and Graça Almeida‐Porada, Deconstructed microfluidic bone marrow on‐a‐chip to study normal and malignant hemopoietic cell–niche interactions, Small, 2019. doi: 10.1002/smll.201902971
37-19 Feng Lin Ng, Miniaturized 3D fibrous scaffold on stereolithography-printed microfluidic perfusion culture, Doctoral Thesis, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 2019.
32-19 Jenifer Gómez-Pastora, Ioannis H. Karampelas, Eugenio Bringas, Edward P. Furlani, and Inmaculada Ortiz, Numerical analysis of bead magnetophoresis from flowing blood in a continuous-flow microchannel: Implications to the bead-fluid interactions, Nature: Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, No. 7265, 2019. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43827-x
01-19 Jelena Dinic and Vivek Sharma, Computational analysis of self-similar capillary-driven thinning and pinch-off dynamics during dripping using the volume-of-fluid method, Physics of Fluids, Vol. 31, 2019. doi: 10.1063/1.5061715
75-18 Tobias Ladner, Sebastian Odenwald, Kevin Kerls, Gerald Zieres, Adeline Boillon and Julien Bœuf, CFD supported investigation of shear induced by bottom-mounted magnetic stirrer in monoclonal antibody formulation, Pharmaceutical Research, Vol. 35, 2018. doi: 10.1007/s11095-018-2492-4
53-18 Venoos Amiri Roodan, Jenifer Gómez-Pastora, Aditi Verma, Eugenio Bringas, Inmaculada Ortiz and Edward P. Furlani, Computational analysis of magnetic droplet generation and manipulation in microfluidic devices, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer, Niagara Falls, Canada, June 7 – 9, 2018; Paper no. 154, 2018. doi: 10.11159/ffhmt18.154
35-18 Jenifer Gómez-Pastora, Cristina González Fernández, Marcos Fallanza, Eugenio Bringas and Inmaculada Ortiz, Flow patterns and mass transfer performance of miscible liquid-liquid flows in various microchannels: Numerical and experimental studies, Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 344, pp. 487-497, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.03.110
16-18 P. Schneider, V. Sukhotskiy, T. Siskar, L. Christie and I.H. Karampelas, Additive Manufacturing of Microfluidic Components via Wax Extrusion, Biotech, Biomaterials and Biomedical TechConnect Briefs, vol. 3, pp. 162 – 165, 2018.
15-18 J. Gómez-Pastora, I.H. Karampelas, A.Q. Alorabi, M.D. Tarn, E. Bringas, A. Iles, V.N. Paunov, N. Pamme, E.P. Furlani, I. Ortiz, CFD analysis and experimental validation of magnetic droplet generation and deflection across multilaminar flow streams, Biotech, Biomaterials and Biomedical TechConnect Briefs, vol. 3, pp. 182-185, 2018.
14-18 J. Gómez-Pastora, C. González-Fernández, I.H. Karampelas, E. Bringas, E.P. Furlani, and I. Ortiz, Design of Magnetic Blood Cleansing Microdevices through Experimentally Validated CFD Modeling, Biotech, Biomaterials and Biomedical TechConnect Briefs, vol. 3, pp. 170-173, 2018.
10-18 A. Gupta, I.H. Karampelas, J. Kitting, Numerical modeling of the formation of dynamically configurable L2 lens in a microchannel, Biotech, Biomaterials and Biomedical TechConnect Briefs, Vol. 3, pp. 186 – 189, 2018.
17-17 I.H. Karampelas, J. Gómez-Pastora, M.J. Cowan, E. Bringas, I. Ortiz and E.P. Furlani, Numerical Analysis of Acoustophoretic Discrete Particle Focusing in Microchannels, Biotech, Biomaterials and Biomedical TechConnect Briefs 2017, Vol. 3
16-17 J. Gómez-Pastora, I.H. Karampelas, E. Bringas, E.P. Furlani and I. Ortiz, CFD analysis of particle magnetophoresis in multiphase continuous-flow bioseparators, Biotech, Biomaterials and Biomedical TechConnect Briefs 2017, Vol. 3
15-17 I.H. Karampelas, S. Vader, Z. Vader, V. Sukhotskiy, A. Verma, G. Garg, M. Tong and E.P. Furlani, Drop-on-Demand 3D Metal Printing, Informatics, Electronics and Microsystems TechConnect Briefs 2017, Vol. 4
102-16 J. Brindha, RA.G. Privita Edwina, P.K. Rajesh and P.Rani, “Influence of rheological properties of protein bio-inks on printability: A simulation and validation study,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 3, no.10, pp. 3285-3295, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2016.10.010
99-16 Ioannis H. Karampelas, Kai Liu, Fatema Alali, and Edward P. Furlani, Plasmonic Nanoframes for Photothermal Energy Conversion, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2016, 120 (13), pp 7256–7264
98-16 Jelena Dinic and Vivek Sharma, Drop formation, pinch-off dynamics and liquid transfer of simple and complex fluids, http://meetings.aps.org/link/BAPS.2016.MAR.B53.12, APS March Meeting 2016, Volume 61, Number 2, March 14–18, 2016, Baltimore, Maryland
67-16 Vahid Bazargan and Boris Stoeber, Effect of substrate conductivity on the evaporation of small sessile droplets, PHYSICAL REVIEW E 94, 033103 (2016), doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.94.033103
57-16 Ioannis Karampelas, Computational analysis of pulsed-laser plasmon-enhanced photothermal energy conversion and nanobubble generation in the nanoscale, PhD Dissertation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, July 2016
44-16 Takeshi Sawada et al., Prognostic impact of circulating tumor cell detected using a novel fluidic cell microarray chip system in patients with breast cancer, EBioMedicine, Available online 27 July 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.07.027.
39-16 Chien-Hsun Wang, Ho-Lin Tsai, Yu-Che Wu and Weng-Sing Hwang, Investigation of molten metal droplet deposition and solidification for 3D printing techniques, IOP Publishing, J. Micromech. Microeng. 26 (2016) 095012 (14pp), doi: 10.1088/0960-1317/26/9/095012, July 8, 2016
30-16 Ioannis H. Karampelas, Kai Liu and Edward P. Furlani, Plasmonic Nanocages as Photothermal Transducers for Nanobubble Cancer Therapy, Nanotech 2016 Conference & Expo, May 22-25, Washington, DC.
29-16 Scott Vader, Zachary Vader, Ioannis H. Karampelas and Edward P. Furlani, Advances in Magnetohydrodynamic Liquid Metal Jet Printing, Nanotech 2016 Conference & Expo, May 22-25, Washington, DC.
02-16 Stephen D. Hoath (Editor), Fundamentals of Inkjet Printing: The Science of Inkjet and Droplets, ISBN: 978-3-527-33785-9, 472 pages, February 2016 (see chapters 2 and 3 for FLOW-3D results)
125-15 J. Berthier, K.A. Brakke, E.P. Furlani, I.H. Karampelas, V. Poher, D. Gosselin, M. Cubinzolles and P. Pouteau, Whole blood spontaneous capillary flow in narrow V-groove microchannels, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 206, pp. 258-267, 2015.
86-15 Yousub Lee and Dave F. Farson, Simulation of transport phenomena and melt pool shape for multiple layer additive manufacturing, J. Laser Appl. 28, 012006 (2016). doi: 10.2351/1.4935711, published online 2015.
77-15 Ho-Lin Tsai, Weng-Sing Hwang, Jhih-Kai Wang, Wen-Chih Peng and Shin-Hau Chen, Fabrication of Microdots Using Piezoelectric Dispensing Technique for Viscous Fluids, Materials 2015, 8(10), 7006-7016. doi: 10.3390/ma8105355
63-15 Scott Vader, Zachary Vader, Ioannis H. Karampelas and Edward P. Furlani, Magnetohydrodynamic Liquid Metal Jet Printing, TechConnect World Innovation Conference & Expo, Washington, D.C., June 14-17, 2015
46-15 Adwaith Gupta, 3D Printing Multi-Material, Single Printhead Simulation, Advanced Qualification of Additive Manufacturing Materials Workshop, July 20 – 21, 2015, Santa Fe, NM
28-15 Yongqiang Li, Mingzhu Hu, Ling Liu, Yin-Yin Su, Li Duan, and Qi Kang, Study of Capillary Driven Flow in an Interior Corner of Rounded Wall Under Microgravity, Microgravity Science and Technology, June 2015
20-15 Pamela J. Waterman, Diversity in Medical Simulation Applications, Desktop Engineering, May 2015, pp 22-26,
16-15 Saurabh Singh, Ann Junghans, Erik Watkins, Yash Kapoor, Ryan Toomey, and Jaroslaw Majewski, Effects of Fluid Shear Stress on Polyelectrolyte Multilayers by Neutron Scattering Studies, © 2015 American Chemical Society, DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00037, Langmuir 2015, 31, 2870−2878, February 17, 2015
11-15 Cheng-Han Wu and Weng-Sing Hwang, The effect of process condition of the ink-jet printing process on the molten metallic droplet formation through the analysis of fluid propagation direction, Canadian Journal of Physics, 2015. doi: 10.1139/cjp-2014-0259
03-15 Hanchul Cho, Sivasubramanian Somu, Jin Young Lee, Hobin Jeong and Ahmed Busnaina, High-Rate Nanoscale Offset Printing Process Using Directed Assembly and Transfer of Nanomaterials, Adv. Materials, doi: 10.1002/adma.201404769, February 2015
122-14 Albert Chi, Sebastian Curi, Kevin Clayton, David Luciano, Kameron Klauber, Alfredo Alexander-Katz, Sebastián D’hers and Noel M Elman, Rapid Reconstitution Packages (RRPs) implemented by integration of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and 3D printed microfluidics, Research Gate, doi: 10.1007/s13346-014-0198-7, July 2014
113-14 Cihan Yilmaz, Arif E. Cetin, Georgia Goutzamanidis, Jun Huang, Sivasubramanian Somu, Hatice Altug, Dongguang Wei and Ahmed Busnaina, Three-Dimensional Crystalline and Homogeneous Metallic Nanostructures Using Directed Assembly of Nanoparticles, 10.1021/nn500084g, © 2014 American Chemical Society, April 2014
110-14 Koushik Ponnuru, Jincheng Wu, Preeti Ashok, Emmanuel S. Tzanakakis and Edward P. Furlani, Analysis of Stem Cell Culture Performance in a Microcarrier Bioreactor System, Nanotech, Washington, D.C., June 15-18, 2014
109-14 Ioannis H. Karampelas, Young Hwa Kim and Edward P. Furlani, Numerical Analysis of Laser Induced Photothermal Effects using Colloidal Plasmonic Nanostructures, Nanotech, Washington, D.C., June 15-18, 2014
108-14 Chenxu Liu, Xiaozheng Xue and Edward P. Furlani, Numerical Analysis of Fully-Coupled Particle-Fluid Transport and Free-Flow Magnetophoretic Sorting in Microfluidic Systems, Nanotech, Washington, D.C., June 15-18, 2014
95-14 Cheng-Han Wu, Weng-Sing Hwang, The effect of the echo-time of a bipolar pulse waveform on molten metallic droplet formation by squeeze mode piezoelectric inkjet printing, Accepted November 2014, Microelectronics Reliability (2014) , © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
85-14 Sudhir Srivastava, Lattice Boltzmann method for contact line dynamics, ISBN: 978-90-386-3608-5, Copyright © 2014 S. Srivastava
61-14 Chenxu Liu, A Computational Model for Predicting Fully-Coupled Particle-Fluid Dynamics and Self-Assembly for Magnetic Particle Applications, Master’s Thesis: State University of New York at Buffalo, 2014, 75 pages; 1561583, http://gradworks.umi.com/15/61/1561583.html
41-14 Albert Chi, Sebastian Curi, Kevin Clayton, David Luciano, Kameron Klauber, Alfredo Alexander-Katz, Sebastian D’hers, and Noel M. Elman, Rapid Reconstitution Packages (RRPs) implemented by integration of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and 3D printed microfluidics, Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res., DOI 10.1007/s13346-014-0198-7, # Controlled Release Society 2014. Available for purchase online at SpringerLink.
21-14 Suk-Hee Park, Ung Hyun Koh, Mina Kim, Dong-Yol Yang, Kahp-Yang Suh and Jennifer Hyunjong Shin, Hierarchical multilayer assembly of an ordered nanofibrous scaffold via thermal fusion bonding, Biofabrication 6 (2014) 024107 (10pp), doi:10.1088/1758-5082/6/2/024107, IOP Publishing, 2014. Available for purchase online at IOP.
17-14 Vahid Bazargan, Effect of substrate cooling and droplet shape and composition on the droplet evaporation and the deposition of particles, Ph.D. Thesis: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, March 2014, © Vahid Bazargan, 2014
73-13 Oliver G. Harlen, J. Rafael Castrejón-Pita, and Arturo Castrejon-Pita, Asymmetric Detachment from Angled Nozzles Plates in Drop-on Demand Inkjet Printing, NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference, 2013 International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies. Pages 253-549, pp. 277-280(4)
63-13 Fatema Alali, Ioannis H. Karampelas, Young Hwa Kim, and Edward P. Furlani, Photonic and Thermofluidic Analysis of Colloidal Plasmonic Nanorings and Nanotori for Pulsed-Laser Photothermal Applications, J. Phys. Chem. C, Article ASAP, DOI: 10.1021/jp406986y, Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society, September 2013.
25-13 Sudhir Srivastava, Theo Driessen, Roger Jeurissen, Herma Wijshoff, and Federico Toschi, Lattice Boltzmann Method to Study the Contraction of a Viscous Ligament, International Journal of Modern Physics © World Scientific Publishing Company, May 2013.
11-13 Li-Chieh Hsu, Yong-Jhih Chen, Jia-Huang Liou, Numerical Investigation in the Factors on the Pool Boiling, Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 311 (2013) pp 456-461, © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland, doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.311.456. Available for purchase online at Scientific.Net.
10-13 Pamela J. Waterman, CFD: Shaping the Medical World, Desktop Engineering, April 2013. Full article available online at Desktop Engineering.
90-12 Charles R. Ortloff and Martin Vogel, Spray Cooling Heat Transfer- Test and CFD Analysis, Electronics Cooling, June 2012. Available online at Electronics Cooling.
79-12 Daniel Parsaoran Siregar, Numerical simulation of evaporation and absorption of inkjet printed droplets, Ph.D. Thesis: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, September 18, 2012, Copyright 2012 by D.P. Siregar, ISBN: 978-90-386-3190-5.
71-12 Jong-hyeon Chang, Kyu-Dong Jung, Eunsung Lee, Minseog Choi, Seungwan Lee, and Woonbae Kim, Varifocal liquid lens based on microelectrofluidic technology, Optics Letters, Vol. 37, Issue 21, pp. 4377-4379 (2012) http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.004377
70-12 Jong-hyeon Chang, Kyu-Dong Jung, Eunsung Lee, Minseog Choi, and Seunwan Lee, Microelectrofluidic Iris for Variable Aperture, Proc. SPIE 8252, MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems XI, 82520O (February 9, 2012); doi:10.1117/12.906587
69-12 Jong-hyeon Chang, Eunsung Lee, Kyu-Dong Jung, Seungwan Lee, Minseog Choi, and Woonbae Kim, Microelectrofluidic Lens for Variable Curvature, Proc. SPIE 8486, Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XIII, 84860X (October 11, 2012); doi:10.1117/12.925852.
61-12 Biddut Bhattacharjee, Study of Droplet Splitting in an Electrowetting Based Digital Microfluidic System, Thesis: Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Graduate Studies (Applied Sciences), The University of British Columbia, September 2012, © Biddut Bhattacharjee.
55-12 Hejun Li, Pengyun Wang, Lehua Qi, Hansong Zuo, Songyi Zhong, Xianghui Hou, 3D numerical simulation of successive deposition of uniform molten Al droplets on a moving substrate and experimental validation, Computational Materials Science, Volume 65, December 2012, Pages 291–301. Available for purchase online at SciVerse.
54-12 Edward P. Furlani, Anthony Nunez, Gianmarco Vizzeri, Modeling Fluid Structure-Interactions for Biomechanical Analysis of the Human Eye, Nanotech Conference & Expo, June 18-21, 2012, Santa Clara, CA.
53-12 Xinyun Wu, Richard D. Oleschuk and Natalie M. Cann, Characterization of microstructured fibre emitters in pursuit of improved nano electrospray ionization performance, The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012, http://pubs.rsc.org, DOI: 10.1039/c2an35249d, May 2012
25-12 Edward P. Furlani, Ioannis H. Karampelas and Qian Xie, Analysis of Pulsed Laser Plasmon-assisted Photothermal Heating and Bubble Generation at the Nanoscale, Lab on a Chip, 10.1039/C2LC40495H, Received 01 May 2012, Accepted 07 Jun 2012. First published on the web 13 Jun 2012.
22-12 R.A. Sultanov, D. Guster, Numerical Modeling and Simulations of Pulsatile Human Blood Flow in Different 3D-Geometries, Book chapter #21 in Fluid Dynamics, Computational Modeling and Applications (2012), ISBN: 978-953-51-0052-2, p. 475 [18 pages]. Available online at INTECH.
21-12 Guo-Wei Huang, Tzu-Yi Hung, and Chin-Tai Chen, Design, Simulation, and Verification of Fluidic Light-Guide Chips with Various Geometries of Micro Polymer Channels, NEMS 2012, Kyoto, Japan, March 5-8, 2012. Available for purchase online at IEEE.
103-11 Suk-Hee Park, Development of Three-Dimensional Scaffolds containing Electrospun Nanofibers and their Applications to Tissue Regeneration, Ph.D. Thesis: School of Mechanical, Aersospace and Systems Engineering, Division of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 2011.
81-11 Xinyun Wu, Modeling and Characterization of Microfabricated Emitters-In Pursuit of Improved ESI-MS Performance, thesis: Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, December 2011, Copyright © Xinyun Wu, 2011
79-11 Cong Lu, A Cell Preparation Stage for Automatic Cell Injection, thesis: Graduate Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Copyright © Cong Lu, 2011
77-11 Ge Bai, W. Thomas Leach, Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) insights into agitation stress methods in biopharmaceutical development, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Available online 8 December 2011, ISSN 0378-5173, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.11.044. Available online at SciVerse.
72-11 M.R. Barkhudarov, C.W. Hirt, D. Milano, and G. Wei, Comments on a Comparison of CFD Software for Microfluidic Applications, Flow Science Technical Note #93, FSI-11-TN93, December 2011
45-11 Chang-Wei Kang, Jiak Kwang Tan, Lunsheng Pan, Cheng Yee Low and Ahmed Jaffar, Numerical and experimental investigations of splat geometric characteristics during oblique impact of plasma spraying, Applied Surface Science, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 20 July 2011, ISSN 0169-4332, DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.06.081. Available to purchase online at SciVers
33-11 Edward P. Furlani, Mark T. Swihart, Natalia Litchinitser, Christopher N. Delametter and Melissa Carter, Modeling Nanoscale Plasmon-assisted Bubble Nucleation and Applications, Nanotech Conference and Expo 2011, Boston, MA, June 13-16, 2011
32-11 Lu, Cong and Mills, James K., Three cell separation design for realizing automatic cell injection, Complex Medical Engineering (CME), 2011 IEEE/ICME, pp: 599 – 603, Harbin, China, 10.1109/ICCME.2011.5876811, June 2011. Available online at IEEEXplore.
25-11 Issam M. Bahadur, James K. Mills, Fluidic vacuum-based biological cell holding device with piezoelectrically induced vibration, Complex Medical Engineering (CME), 2011 IEEE/ICME International Conference on, 22-25 May 2011, pp: 85 – 90, Harbin, China. Available online at: IEEE Xplore.
14-11 Edward P. Furlani, Roshni Biswas, Alexander N. Cartwright and Natalia M. Litchinitser, Antiresonant guiding optofluidic biosensor, doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2011.04.014, Optics Communication, April 2011
05-11 Hyeju Eom and Keun Park, Integrated numerical analysis to evaluate replication characteristics of micro channels in a locally heated mold by selective induction, International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, Volume 12, Number 1, 53-60, DOI: 10.1007/s12541-011-0007-x, 2011. Available online at: SpringerLink.
70-10 I.N. Volnov, V.S. Nagornyi, Modeling Processes for Generation of Streams of Monodispersed Fluid Droplets in Electro-inkjet Applications, Science and Technology News, St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, 4, pp 294-300, 2010. In Russian.
62-10 F. Mobadersani, M. Eskandarzade, S. Azizi and S. Abbasnezhad, Effect of Ambient Pressure on Bubble Growth in Micro-Channel and Its Pumping Effect, ESDA2010-24436, pp. 577-584, doi:10.1115/ESDA2010-24436, ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis (ESDA2010), Istanbul, Turkey, July 12–14, 2010. Available online at the ASME Digital Library.
58-10 Tsung-Yi Ho, Jun Zeng, and Chakrabarty, K, Digital microfluidic biochips: A vision for functional diversity and more than moore, Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD), 2010 IEEE/ACM International Conference on, DOI: 10.1109/ICCAD.2010.5654199, © IEEE, November 2010. Available online at IEEE Explore.
51-10 Regina Bleul, Marion Ritzi-Lehnert, Julian Höth, Nico Scharpfenecker, Ines Frese, Dominik Düchs, Sabine Brunklaus, Thomas E. Hansen-Hagge, Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes, Klaus S. Drese, Compact, cost-efficient microfluidics-based stopped-flow device, Anal Bioanal Chem, DOI 10.1007/s00216-010-4446-5, Available online at Springer, November 2010
22-10 Krishendu Chakrabarty, Richard B. Fair and Jun Zeng, Design Tools for Digital Microfluidic Biochips Toward Functional Diversification and More than Moore, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, Vol. 29, No. 7, July 2010
14-10 E. P. Furlani and M. S. Hanchak, Nonlinear analysis of the deformation and breakup of viscous microjets using the method of lines, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids (2010), © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Published online in Wiley InterScience. DOI: 10.1002/fld.2205
55-09 R.A. Sultanov, and D. Guster, Computer simulations of pulsatile human blood flow through 3D models of the human aortic arch, vessels of simple geometry and a bifurcated artery, Proceedings of the 31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS (Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society), Minneapolis, September 2-6, 2009, p.p. 4704-4710.
30-09 Anurag Chandorkar and Shayan Palit, Simulation of Droplet Dynamics and Mixing in Microfluidic Devices using a VOF-Based Method, Sensors & Transducers journal, ISSN 1726-5479 © 2009 by IFSA, Vol.7, Special Issue “MEMS: From Micro Devices to Wireless Systems,” October 2009, pp. 136-149.
13-09 E.P. Furlani, M.C. Carter, Analysis of an Electrostatically Actuated MEMS Drop Ejector, Presented at Nanotech Conference & Expo 2009, Houston, Texas, USA, May 3-7, 2009
12-09 A. Chandorkar, S. Palit, Simulation of Droplet-Based Microfluidics Devices Using a Volume-of-Fluid Approach, Presented at Nanotech Conference & Expo 2009, Houston, Texas, USA, May 3-7, 2009
3-09 Christopher N. Delametter, FLOW-3D Speeds MEMS Inkjet Development, Desktop Engineering, January 2009
42-08 Tien-Li Chang, Jung-Chang Wang, Chun-Chi Chen, Ya-Wei Lee, Ta-Hsin Chou, A non-fluorine mold release agent for Ni stamp in nanoimprint process, Microelectronic Engineering 85 (2008) 1608–1612
26-08 Pamela J. Waterman, First-Pass CFD Analyses – Part 2, Desktop Engineering, November 2008
09-08 M. Ren and H. Wijshoff, Thermal effect on the penetration of an ink droplet onto a porous medium, Proc. Eurotherm2008 MNH, 1 (2008)
04-08 Delametter, Christopher N., MEMS development in less than half the time, Small Times, Online Edition, May 2008
02-08 Renat A. Sultanov, Dennis Guster, Brent Engelbrekt and Richard Blankenbecler, 3D Computer Simulations of Pulsatile Human Blood Flows in Vessels and in the Aortic Arch – Investigation of Non-Newtonian Characteristics of Human Blood, The Journal of Computational Physics, arXiv:0802.2362v1 [physics.comp-ph], February 2008
01-08 Herman Wijshoff, thesis: University of Twente, Structure- and fluid dynamics in piezo inkjet printheads, ISBN 978-90-365-2582-4, Venlo, The Netherlands January 2008.
30-07 A. K. Sen, J. Darabi, and D. R. Knapp, Simulation and parametric study of a novel multi-spray emitter for ESI–MS applications, Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, Volume 3, Number 3, June 2007, pp. 283-298(16)
28-07 Dan Soltman and Vivek Subramanian, Inkjet-Printed Line Morphologies and Temperature Control of the Coffee Ring Effect, Langmuir; 2008; ASAP Web Release Date: 16-Jan-2008; (Research Article) DOI: 10.1021/la7026847
23-07 A K Sen and J Darabi, Droplet ejection performance of a monolithic thermal inkjet print head, Journal of Micromechanical and Microengineering,vol.17, pp.1420-1427 (2007) doi:10.1088/0960-1317/17/8/002; Abstract only.
18-07 Herman Wisjhoff, Better Printheads Via Simulation, Desktop Engineering, October 2007, Vol. 13, Issue 2
17-07 Jos de Jong, Ph.D. Thesis: University of Twente, Air entrapment in piezo inkjet printing, ISBN 978-90-365-2483-4, April 2007
15-07 Krishnendu Chakrabarty and Jun Zeng, (Ed.), Design Automation Methods and Tools for Microfluidics-Based Biochips, Springer, September 2006.
14-07 Fei Su and Jun Zeng, Computer-aided design and test for digital microfluidics, IEEE Design & Test of Computers, 24(1), 2007, 60-70.
13-07 Jun Zeng, Modeling and simulation of electrified droplets and its application to computer-aided design of digital microfluidics, IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 25(2), 2006, 224-233.
12-07 Krishnendu Chakrabarty and Jun Zeng, (2005), Automated top-down design for microfluidic biochips, ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems, 1(3), 2005, 186–223.
01-07 Wijshoff, Herman, Drop formation mechanisms in piezo-acoustic inkjet, NSTI-Nanotech 2007, ISBN 1420061844 Vol. 3, 2007)
23-06 John J. Uebbing, Stephan Hengstler, Dale Schroeder, Shalini Venkatesh, and Rick Haven, Heat and Fluid Flow in an Optical Switch Bubble, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, Vol. 15, No. 6, December 2006
21-06 Wijshoff, Herman, Manipulating Drop Formation in Piezo Acoustic Inkjet, Proc. IS&T’s NIP22, 79 (2006)
20-06 J. de Jong, H. Reinten, M. van den Berg, H. Wijshoff, M. Versluis, G. de Bruin, A. Prosperetti and D. Lohse, Air entrapment in piezo-driven inkjet printheads, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120(3), 1257 (2006)
11-06 A. K. Sen, J. Darabi, D. R. Knapp and J. Liu, Modeling and Characterization of a Carbon Fiber Emitter for Electrospray Ionization, 1 MEMS and Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA, 2 Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
5-06 E. P. Furlani, B. G. Price, G. Hawkins, and A. G. Lopez, Thermally Induced Marangoni Instability of Liquid Microjets with Application to Continuous Inkjet Printing, Proceedings of NSTI Nanotech Conference 2006, Vol. 2, pp 534-537.
28-05 O B Fawehinmi, P H Gaskell, P K Jimack, N Kapur, and H M Thompson, A combined experimental and computational fluid dynamics analysis of the dynamics of drop formation, May 2005. DOI: 10.1243/095440605X31788
5-05 E. P. Furlani, Thermal Modulation and Instability of Newtonian Liquid Microjets, presented at Nanotech 2005, Anaheim, CA, May 8-12, 2005.
1-05 C.W. Hirt, Electro-Hydrodynamics of Semi-Conductive Fluids: With Application to Electro-Spraying, Flow Science Technical Note #70, FSI-05-TN70
19-04 G. F. Yao, Modeling of Electroosmosis Without Resolving Physics Inside a Electric Double Layer, Flow Science Technical Note (FSI-04-TN69)
12-04 Jun Zeng and Tom Korsmeyer, Principles of Droplet Electrohydrodynamics for Lab-on-a-Chip, Lab. Chip. Journal, 2004, 4(4), 265-277
9-04 Constantine N. Anagnostopoulos, James M. Chwalek, Christopher N. Delametter, Gilbert A. Hawkins, David L. Jeanmaire, John A. Lebens, Ali Lopez, and David P. Trauernicht, Micro-Jet Nozzle Array for Precise Droplet Metering and Steering Having Increased Droplet Deflection, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Solid State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, sponsored by IEEE, Boston, June 8-12, 2003, pp. 368-71
8-04 Christopher N. Delametter, David P. Trauernicht, James M. Chwalek, Novel Microfluidic Jet Deflection – Significant Modeling Challenge with Great Application Potential, Technical Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems sponsored by NSTI, San Juan, Puerto Rico, April 21-25, 2002, pp. 44-47
6-04 D. Vadillo*, G. Desie**, A Soucemarianadin*, Spreading Behavior of Single and Multiple Drops, *Laboratoire des Ecoulements Geophysiques et Industriels (LEGI), and **AGFA-Gevaert Group N.V., XXI ICTAM, 15-21 August 2004, Warsaw, Poland
2-04 Herman Wijshoff, Free Surface Flow and Acousto-Elastic Interaction in Piezo Inkjet, Nanotech 2004, sponsored by the Nano Science & Technology Institute, Boston, MA, March 2004
30-03 D Souders, I Khan and GF Yao, Alessandro Incognito, and Matteo Corrado, A Numerical Model for Simulation of Combined Electroosmotic and Pressure Driven Flow in Microdevices, 7th International Symposium on Fluid Control, Measurement and Visualization
27-03 Jun Zeng, Daniel Sobek and Tom Korsmeyer, Electro-Hydrodynamic Modeling of Electrospray Ionization – CAD for a µFluidic Device-Mass Spectrometer Interface, Agilent Technologies Inc, paper presented at Transducers 2003, June 03 Boston (note: Reference #10 is to FLOW-3D)
17-03 John Uebbing, Switching Fiber-optic Circuits with Microscopic Bubbles, Sensors Magazine, May 2003, Vol 20, No 5, p 36-42
16-03 CFD Speeds Development of MEMS-based Printing Technology, MicroNano Magazine, June 2003, Vol 8, No 6, p 16
3-03 Simulation Speeds Design of Microfluidic Medical Devices, R&D Magazine, March 2003, pp 18-19
1-03 Simulations Help Microscopic Bubbles Switch Fiber-Optic Circuits, Agilent Technologies, Fiberoptic Product News, January 2003, pp 22-23
27-02 Feng, James Q., A General Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Drop Ejection in Drop-on-Demand Ink Jet Devices, Journal of Imaging Science and Technology®, Volume 46, Number 5, September/October 2002
1-02 Feixia Pan, Joel Kubby, and Jingkuang Chen, Numerical Simulation of Fluid Structure Interaction in a MEMS Diaphragm Drop Ejector, Xerox Wilson Research Center, Institute of Physics Publishing, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 12 (2002), PII: SO960-1317(02)27439-2, pp. 70-76
48-01 Rainer Gruber, Radial Mass Transfer Enhancement in Bubble-Train Flow, PhD thesis in Engineering Sciences, Rheinisch- Westf alischen Technische Hochschule Aachen, December 2001.
34-01 Furlani, E.P., Delametter, C.N., Chwalek, J.M., and Trauernicht, D., Surface Tension Induced Instability of Viscous Liquid Jets, Fourth International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems, April 2001
12-01 C. N. Delametter, Eastman Kodak Company, Micro Resolution, Mechanical Engineering, Col 123/No 7, July 2001, pp 70-72
11-01 C. N. Delametter, Eastman Kodak Company, Surface Tension Induced Instability of Viscous Liquid Jets, Technical Proceeding of the Fourth International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems, April 2001
9-01 Aman Khan, Unipath Limited Research and Development, Effects of Reynolds Number on Surface Rolling in Small Drops, PVP-Col 431, Emerging Technologies for Fluids, Structures and Fluids, Structures and Fluid Structure Interaction — 2001
2-00 Narayan V. Deshpande, Significance of Inertance and Resistance in Fluidics of Thermal Ink-Jet Transducers, Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, Volume 40, Number 5, Sept./Oct. 1996, pp.457-461
4-98 D. Deitz, Connecting the Dots with CFD, Mechanical Engineering Magazine, pp. 90-91, March 1998
14-94 M. P. O’Hare, N. V. Deshpande, and D. J. Drake, Drop Generation Processes in TIJ Printheads, Xerox Corporation, Adv. Imaging Business Unit, IS&T’s Tenth International Congress on Advances in Non-Impact Printing, Tech. 1994
14-92 Asai, A.,Three-Dimensional Calculation of Bubble Growth and Drop Ejection in a Bubble Jet Printer, Journal of Fluids Engineering Vol. 114 December 1992:638-641
아래는 항공 우주 분야에 대한 기술 문서 모음입니다.
이 모든 논문은 FLOW-3D 결과를 포함하고 있습니다. FLOW-3D를 사용하여 항공 우주 산업을 위한 응용 프로그램을 성공적으로 시뮬레이션 하는 방법에 대해 자세히 알아보십시오.
2024년 8월 12일 Update
Below is a collection of technical papers in our Aerospace Bibliography. All of these papers feature FLOW-3D results. Learn more about how FLOW-3D can be used to successfully simulate applications for the Aerospace Industry.
5-24 Yiming Sun, Hanwen Deng, Xinyu Liu, Xiaoming Kang, Simulation of liquid cone formation on the tip apex of indium field emission electric propulsion thrusters, Plasma Science and Technology, 2024. doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad0d5b
208-23 Jason Hartwig, Narottama Esser, Shreykumar Jain, David Souders, Allen Prasad Varghese, Angelo Tafuni, CFD modeling of bidirectional PMDs inside cryogenic propellant tanks onboard parabolic flights, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 2023. doi.org/10.2514/1.A35808
26-23 Jason Hartwig, Narottama Esser, Shreykumar Jain, David Souders, Allen Prasad Varghese, Angelantonio Tafuni, CFD design and analysis of a perforated plate for the control of cryogenic flow under reduced gravity, AIAA Scitech Forum, 2023. doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0133
78-22 Timothy Aaron Blackman, Propellant optimization for a pulsed solid propellant thruster system for small satellites, Thesis, Florida Institute of Technology, 2022.
10-22 Nathan F. Andrews, Shane B. Coogan, Ellen Smith, Oliver Ouyang, Stephen Reiman, Brian Pincock, Bryan Munro, A three-dimensional, quick-running analysis method for large amplitude liquid slosh and bulk fluid motion in flight vehicles, AIAA Scitech Forum, AAIA 2022-0071, 2022. doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0071
98-21 Pengxiang Hu, Zhihua Zhao, Shutao Yang, Yaoxiang Zeng, Feng Qi, Study on equivalent sloshing mass locations for liquid-filled cylindrical tanks, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 2021. doi.org/10.2514/1.A35098
62-20 Zhang Dazhi, Meng Li, Li Yong-Qiang, Numerical simulation analysis of liquid transportation in capsule-type vane tank under microgravity, Microgravity Science and Technology, 32.3, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/s12217-020-09811-1
08-20 Li Yong-Qiang, Dong Jun-Yan and Rui Wei, Numerical simulation for capillary driven flow in capsule-type vane tank with clearances under microgravity, Microgravity Science and Technology, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/s12217-019-09773-z
107-19 Martin Konopka, Extension of a standard flow solver for simulating phase change in cryogenic tanks, Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 33.3, 2019. doi.org/10.2514/1.T5546
79-19 Baotang Zhuang, Yong Li, Jintao Liu, and Wei Rui, Numerical simulation of fluid transport along parallel vanes for vane type propellant tanks, Microgravity Science and Technology, pp. 1-10, 2019. doi:10.1007/s12217-019-09746-2
54-19 Robert E. Manning, Ian Ballinger, Manoj Bhatia, and Mack Dowdy, Design of the Europa Clipper propellant management device, AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum, Indianapolis, Indiana, August 19-22, 2019. doi:10.2514/6.2019-3858
48-19 Lei Wang, Tian Yan, Jiaojiao Wang, Shixuan Ye, Yanzhong Li, Rui Zhuan, and Bin Wang, CFD investigation on thermodynamic characteristics in liquid hydrogen tank during successive varied-gravity conditions, Cryogenics, Vol. 103, 2019. doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2019.102973
01-18 Martin Konopka, Extension of a Standard Flow Solver for Simulating Phase Change in Cryogenic Tanks, 018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, AIAA SciTech Forum, (AIAA 2018-1818), https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1818
69-16 Philipp Behruzi and Francesco De Rose, Coupling sloshing, GNC and rigid body motions during ballistic flight phases, Propulsion and Energy Forum, 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, July 25-27, 2016, Salt Lake City, UT.
55-16 Martin Konopka, Peter Noeding, Jörg Klatte, Philipp Behruzi, Jens Gerstmann, Anton Stark, Nicolas Darkow, Analysis of LN2 Filling, Draining, Stratification and Sloshing Experiments, 46th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, Washington, D.C.
95-15 D Frank, Control of fluid mass center in the Gravity Probe B space mission Dewar, © 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd, Classical and Quantum Gravity, Volume 32, Number 22, November 17, 2015
58-15 Diana Gaulke and Michael E. Dreyer, CFD Simulation of Capillary Transport of Liquid Between Parallel Perforated Plates using FLOW-3D, Microgravity Science and Technology, August 2015
55-15 Sebastian Schmitt and Michael E. Dreyer, Free Surface Oscillations of Liquid Hydrogen in Microgravity Conditions, Cryogenics, doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.07.004, July 26, 2015
53-15 Jeffrey Moder and Kevin Breisacher, Preliminary Simulations of Ullage Dynamics in Microgravity during Jet Mixing Portion of the Tank Pressure Control Experiments, 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, 2015
52-15 Philipp Behruzi, Diana Gaulke, Joerg Klatte, Nicolas Fries, Development of the MPCV ESM propellant tanks, 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, 2015
51-15 Grant O. Musgrove and Shane B. Coogan, Validation and Rules-of-Thumb for Computational Predictions of Liquid Slosh Dynamics, 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, 2015
23-15 Eckart Fuhrmann, Michael Dreyer, Steffen Basting, and Eberhard Bänsch, Free surface deformation and heat transfer by thermocapillary convection, Heat and Mass Transfer, June 2015, © SpringerLink
09-15 Zhicheng Zhou and Hua Huang, Constraint Surface Model for Large Amplitude Sloshing of the spacecraft with Multiple Tanks, Acta Astronautica, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2015.02.023
43-14 C. Ludwig and M.E. Dreyer, Investigations on thermodynamic phenomena of the active-pressurization process of a cryogenic propellant tank, Cryogenics (2014), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2014.05.005.
40-14 M. Berci, S. Mascetti; A. Incognito, P. H. Gaskell, and V. V. Toropov, Dynamic Response of Typical Section Using Variable-Fidelity Fluid Dynamics and Gust-Modeling Approaches—With Correction Methods, Journal of Aerospace Engineering, © ASCE, ISSN 0893-1321/04014026(20), May 2014.
22-14 M. Lazzarin, M. Biolo, A. Bettella, M. Manente, R. DaForno, and D. Pavarin, EUCLID satellite: Sloshing model development through computational fluid dynamics, Aerospace Science and Technology, JID:AESCTE AID:3040 /FLA, Available online 12 April 2014.
75-13 Carina Ludwig and Michael Dreyer, Analyses of Cryogenic Propellant Tank Pressurization based upon Experiments and Numerical Simulations, 5TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE FOR AERONAUTICS AND SPACE SCIENCES (EUCASS), Munich, Germany, 1-5 July 2013
49-13 Damien Theureau, Astrium; Jean Mignot, French Space Agency (CNES); Sebastien Tanguy, Fluid Mechanics Institute of Toulouse (IMFT), Integration of low g sloshing models with spacecraft attitude control simulators, Chapter DOI: 10.2514/6.2013-4961, August 2013.
44-13 Philipp Behruzi, Jörg Klatte and Gaston Netter, Passive Phase Separation in Cryogenic Upper Stage Tanks, 49th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, July 14 – 17, 2013, San Jose, CA.
43-13 Philipp Behruzi, Jörg Klatte, Nicolas Fries, Andreas Schütte, Burkhard Schmitz and Horst Köhler, Cryogenic Propellant Management Sounding Rocket Experiments on TEXUS 48, 49th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, July 14 – 17, 2013, San Jose, CA.
113-12 M. Lazzarin, M. Biolo, A. Bettella, and R. Da Forno, EUCLID Mission: Theoretical Sloshing Model and CFD Comparison, 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, 30 July – 01 August 2012, Atlanta, Georgia
34-12 N. Fries , P. Behruzi, T. Arndt, M. Winter, G. Netter, U. Renner, Modelling of fluid motion in spacecraft propellant tanks – Sloshing, Space Propulsion 2012 conference, 7th-10th May 2012, Bordeaux
55-11 P. Behruzi, F. de Rose, P. Netzlaf, H. Strauch, Ballistic Phase Management for Cryogenic Upper Stages, DGLR Conference, Bremen, Germany, 2011
11-11 Philipp Behruzi, Hans Strauch, and Francesco de Rose, Coasting Phase Propellant Management for Upper Stages, 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, 18-15 July 2010, Bremen, Germany. PowerPoint presentation.
73-10 Amber Bakkum, Kimberly Schultz, Jonathan Braun, Kevin M Crosby, Stephanie Finnvik, Isa Fritz, Bradley Frye, Cecilia Grove, Katelyn Hartstern, Samantha Kreppel and Emily Schiavone, Investigation of Propellant Sloshing and Zero Gravity Equilibrium for the Orion Service Module Propellant Tanks, Wisconsin Space Conference, Yingst, R. A., & Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium. (2010). Dawn of a new age: 20th Annual Wisconsin Space Conference, August 19-20, 2010. Green Bay, Wis: Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium; University of Wisconsin-Green Bay.
35-10 Kevin Breisacher and Jeffrey Moder, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulations of Jet Mixing in Tanks of Different Scales, NASA/TM—2010-216749
21-10 Berci M., Mascetti S., Incognito A., Gaskell P.H., Toropov V.V., Gust Response of a Typical Section Via CFD and Analytical Solutions, V European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, ECCOMAS CFD 2010, Lisbon, Portugal, 14-17 June 2010 (A companion PowerPoint presentation in pdf format is available upon request)
49-08 Jens Gerstmann, Michael Dreyer, et al., Dependency of the apparent contact angle on nonisothermal conditions, PHYSICS OF FLUIDS 20, 042101 (2008)
35-07 N. Fries, K. Odic and M. Dreyer, Wicking of Perfectly Wetting Liquids into a Metallic Mesh, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Porous Media and its Applications in Science and Engineering, ICPM2, Kauai, Hawaii, USA, June 17-21, 2007
08-07 Gary Grayson, Alfredo Lopez, Frank Chandler, Leon Hastings, Ali Hedayat, and James Brethour, CFD Modeling of Helium Pressurant Effects on Cryogenic Tank Pressure Rise Rates in Normal Gravity, 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, © 2007 by The Boeing Company. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. with permission. AIAA 2007-5524, 8 – 11 July 2007
34-06 Phillipp Behruzi, Mark Michaelis and Gaël Khimeche, Behavior of the Cryogenic Propellant Tanks during the First Flight of the Ariane 5 ESC-A Upper Stage, 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, 9-12 July 2006, Sacramento, California, © 2006 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved.
12-06 G. D. Grayson, A. Lopez, F. O. Chandler, L. J. Hastings, S. P. Tucker, Cryogenic Tank Modeling for the Saturn AS-203 Experiment, AIAA 2006-5258, presented at the 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, July 9-12, 2006, Sacramento, CA.
29-02 O. Bayle, V. L’Hullier, M. Ganet, P. Delpy, J.L. Francart and D. Paris, Influence of the ATV Propellant Sloshing on the GNC Performance, AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit, Monterey, California, 5-8 August 2002, © 2002 by EADS Launch Vehicles
42-01 C. Figus and L. Ounougha, Correlations between Neutral Buoyancy Tests and CFD, Spacecraft Propulsion, Third International Conference held 10-13 October, 2000 at Cannes, France. European Space Agency ESASP-465, 2001, p.547
24-01 Hiroshi Nishino, Shujiro Sawai, & Katsumi Furukawa, Prediction of Sloshing Dynamics in Spinning Spherical Tanks, Mitsubishi Heavy Industry, The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science 9th Workshop on Astrodynamics and Flight Mechanics (1999)
5-96 D. J. Frank, Dynamics of Superfluid Helium in Low-Gravity: A Progress Report, Advanced Technology Center, Lockheed Martin Missiles & Space, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA, To be published in Proceedings of 1996 NASA/JPL Microgravity Low Temperature Physics Workshop, April 1996
7-95 G. D. Grayson, Coupled Thermodynamic-Fluid-Dynamic Solution for a Liquid Hydrogen Tank, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 32, No. 5, September-October 1995
5-94 G. Ross, Dynamics of Superfluid Helium in Low Gravity, dissertation submitted to Dept. Mech. Engrg. and Committee on Graduate Studies of Stanford University for Ph.D. degree, July 1994
9-93 N. H. Hughes, Numerical Stability Problem Encountered Modeling Large Liquid Mass in Micro Gravity, The Boeing Company, presented at the AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Victoria, B.C., Canada, August 16-19, 1993
8-93 G. D. Grayson and J. Navickas, Interaction Between Fluid-Dynamic and Thermodynamic Phenomena in a Cryogenic Upper Stage, McDonnell Douglas, AIAA-93-2753, presented at the AIAA 28th Thermophysics Conference, Orlando, FL, July 6-9, 1993
7-93 G. Grayson and E. DiStefano, Propellant Acquisition for Single Stage Rocket Technology, McDonnell Douglas, AIAA-93-2283, presented at the AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, Monterey, CA, June 28-30, 1993
6-93 Y. Letourneur and J. Sicilian, Propellant Reorientation Effects on the Attitude of the Main Cryotechnic Stage of Ariane V, Aerospatiale, Les Mureaux and Flow Science Inc, presented at the AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, Monterey, CA, June 28-30, 1993
4-92 J. M. Sicilian, Evaluation of Space Vehicle Dynamics Including Fluid Slosh and Applied Forces, Flow Science report (FSI-92-47-01), August 1992
9-91 G. P. Sasmal, J. I. Hochstein, M. C. Wendl, Washington University and T. L. Hardy, NASA Lewis Research Center, Computational Modeling of the Pressurization Process in a NASP Vehicle Propellant Tank Experimental Simulation, (AIAA 91-2407), AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE 27th Joint Propulsion Conference, Sacramento, CA, June 24-26, 1991
8-91 M. F. Fisher, G. R. Schmidt, and J. J. Martin, Analysis of Cryogenic Propellant Behavior in Microgravity and Low Thrust Environments, NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center, AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE 27th Joint Propulsion Conference, Sacramento, CA, June 24-26, 1991
15-90 T. L. Hardy and T. M. Tomasik, Prediction of the Ullage Gas Thermal Stratification in a NASP Vehicle Propellant Tank Experimental Simulation Using FLOW-3D, NASA Technical Memorandum 103217, NASA-Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, OH, July 1990
6-90 J. Navickas, McDonnell Douglas Space Systems Co., Huntington Beach, CA and P.Y. Cheng, McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Co., St. Louis, MO, Effect of Propellant Sloshing on the Design of Space Vehicle Propellant Storage Systems, presented at the 26th AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, Orlando World Center, Orlando, FL, July 16-18, 1990
1-90 S. M. Dominick and J. R. Tegart, Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics of a Low Gravity Liquid Tank Filling Method, AIAA 28th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, AAIA-90-0509, Reno, NV, January 1990.
9-89 S. Lin and D. K. Warinner, FLOW-3D Analysis of Pressure Responses in an Enclosed Launching System, presented at the Symposium on Computational Experiments, PVP ASME Conference, Honolulu, HI, July 22-27, 1989
3-89 C. W. Hirt, Flow in a Solid-Propellant Rocket Chamber, Flow Science Technical Note #17, March 1989 (FSI-89-TN17)
1-89 J. Navickas, E. C. Cady, and J. L. Ditter, Suspension of Solid Particles in the Aerospace Plane’s Slush Hydrogen Tanks, McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co. report, Huntington Beach, CA, 1988, presented at the Symposium on Computational Experiments, PVP ASME Conference, Honolulu, HI, July 22-27, 1989
11-88 J. Navickas, Prediction of a Liquid Tank Thermal Stratification by a Finite Difference Computing Method, presented to AIAA/ASEE/ASME/SAE 24th Joint Propulsion Conference, Boston, MA, 11-14 July 1988
10-88 J. Navickas, Space-Based System Disturbances Caused by On-Board Fluid Motion During System Maneuvers, presented to 1st National Fluid Dynamics Congress, Cincinnati, OH, July 24-28, 1988
9-88 J. Navickas, E. C. Cady, and T. L. Flaska, Modeling of Solid-Liquid Circulation in the National Aerospace Plane’s Slush Hydrogen Tanks, Advanced Propulsion, Advanced Technology Center, McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co., Huntington Beach, CA, May 24, 1988
3-88 J. M. Sicilian and C. W. Hirt, Nozzle/Case Joint Analysis with CFD Analysis Using the FLOW-3D Program, in Redesigned Solid Rocket Motor Circumferential Flow Technical Interchange Meeting Final Report, NASA-TWR-17788, February 1988
11-87 C. W. Hirt, A Perspective on NASA-VOF3D vs. FLOW-3D, Flow Science report, December 1987 (FSI-87-00-3)
8-87 J. M. Sicilian, Fluid Slosh in a Rotating and Accelerating Tank, Flow Science report, Sept. 1987 (FSI-87-37-1)
5-87 J. J. Der and C.L. Stevens, Liquid Propellant Tank Ullage Bubble Deformation and Breakup in Low Gravity Reorientation, AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference, San Diego, Calif., June 1987 (AIAA-87-2021)
3-87 J. Navickas and J. Ditter, Effect of the Propellant Storage Tank Geometric Configuration on the Resultant Disturbing Forces and Moments during Low-Gravity Maneuvers, McDonnell Douglas Astronautics report, MDAC H2589, April 1987, presented at 1987 ASME Winter Annual Meeting
1-87 J. J. Der and C. L. Stevens, Low-Gravity Bubble Reorientation in Liquid Propellant Tanks, AIAA 25th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Reno, Nevada, January 12-15, 1987 (AIAA-87-0622)
7-86 J. Navickas, C. R. Cross, and D. D. Van Winkle, Propellant Tank Forces Resulting from Fluid Motion in a Low-Gravity Field, ASME Symposium in Microgravity Fluid Mechanics, Winter Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA, December 7-12, 1986
6-86 J. Navickas and C. R. Cross, Some Typical Applications of the HYDR3D Code, FLOW-3D Experience Conference, Redondo Beach, California, November 6-7, 1986
5-86 R. E. Martin, Effects of Transient Propellant Dynamics on Deployment of Large Liquid Stages in Zero-Gravity with Application to Shuttle-Centaur, 37th Annual Astronautical Congress, Innsbruck, Austria, Oct. 3-10, 1986 (IAF-86-119), Acta Astronautical Vol. 15, No. 6/7, pp. 331-340, 1987
4-86 C. W. Hirt, FLOW-3D Test Problems for Two-Fluid Sloshing, Flow Science report, July 1986 (FSI-86-31-1)
6-85 John I. Hochstein, Computational Prediction of Propellant Motion During Separation of a Centaur G-Prime Vehicle from the Shuttle, NASA report, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, December 1985 (WU/CFDL-85/1)
4-85 T. W. Eastes, Y. M. Chang, C. W. Hirt, and J. M. Sicilian, Zero-Gravity Slosh Analysis, ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Miami, Florida, November 1985
3-84 J. M. Sicilian and C. W. Hirt, Numerical Simulation of Propellant Sloshing for Spacecraft, ASME Winter Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, December 9-14, 1984
아래는 코팅 참고 문헌의 기술 문서 모음입니다.
이 모든 논문은 FLOW-3D 결과를 포함하고 있습니다. FLOW-3D를 사용하여 코팅 공정을 성공적으로 시뮬레이션 하는 방법에 대해 자세히 알아보십시오.
2024년 11월 20일 Update
98-24 Fabiano I. Indicatti, Bo Cheng, Michael Rädler, Elisabeth Stammen, Klaus Dilger, Experimental and numerical investigation of the squeegee process during stencil printing of thick adhesive sealings, The Journal of Adhesion, 2024. doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2024.2356105
130-22 Md Didarul Islam, Himendra Perera, Benjamin Black, Matthew Phillips, Muh-Jang Chen, Greyson Hodges, Allyce Jackman, Yuxuan Liu, Chang-Jin Kim, Mohammed Zikry, Saad Khan, Yong Zhu, Mark Pankow, Jong Eun Ryu, Template-free scalable fabrication of linearly periodic microstructures by controlling ribbing defects phenomenon in forward roll coating for multifunctional applications, Advanced Materials Interfaces, 9.27; 2201237, 2022. doi.org/10.1002/admi.202201237
03-21 Delong Jia, Peng Yi, Yancong Liu, Jiawei Sun, Shengbo Yue, Qi Zhao, Effect of laser textured groove wall interface on molybdenum coating diffusion and metallurgical bonding, Surface and Coatings Technology, 405; 126561, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126561
50-19 Peng Yi, Delong Jia, Xianghua Zhan, Pengun Xu, and Javad Mostaghimi, Coating solidification mechanism during plasma-sprayed filling the laser textured grooves, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 142, 2019. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118451
01-19 Jelena Dinic and Vivek Sharma, Computational analysis of self-similar capillary-driven thinning and pinch-off dynamics during dripping using the volume-of-fluid method, Physics of Fluids, Vol. 31, 2019. doi: 10.1063/1.5061715
85-18 Zia Jang, Oliver Litfin and Antonio Delgado, A semi-analytical approach for prediction of volume flow rate in nip-fed reverse roll coating process, Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Vol. 18, no. 1, Special Issue: 89th Annual Meeting of the International Association of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 2018. doi: 10.1002/pamm.201800317
80-14 Hiroaki Koyama, Kazuhiro Fukada, Yoshitaka Murakami, Satoshi Inoue, and Tatsuya Shimoda, Investigation of Roll-to-Sheet Imprinting for the Fabrication of Thin-film Transistor Electrodes, IEICE TRAN, ELECTRON, VOL.E97-C, NO.11, November 2014
46-14 Isabell Vogeler, Andreas Olbers, Bettina Willinger and Antonio Delgado, Numerical investigation of the onset of air entrainment in forward roll coating, 17th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium September 7-10, 2014 San Diego, CA, USA
17-12 Chi-Feng Lin, Bo-Kai Wang, Carlos Tiu and Ta-Jo Liu, On the Pinning of Downstream Meniscus for Slot Die Coating, Advances in Polymer Technology, Vol. 00, No. 0, 1-9 (2012) © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Available online at Wiley.
01-11 Reid Chesterfield, Andrew Johnson, Charlie Lang, Matthew Stainer, and Jonathan Ziebarth, Solution-Coating Technology for AMOLED Displays, Information Display Magazine, 1/11 0362-0972/01/2011-024 © SID 2011.
61-09 Yi-Rong Chang, Chi-Feng Lin and Ta-Jo Liu, Start-up of slot die coating, Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 49, pp. 1158-1167, 2009. doi:10.1002/pen.21360
26-06 James M. Brethour, 3-D transient simulation of viscoelastic coating flows, 13th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium, September 2006, Denver, Colorado
19-06 Ivosevic, M., Cairncross, R. A., and Knight, R., 3D Predictions of Thermally Sprayed Polymer Splats Modeling Particle Acceleration, Heating and Deformation on Impact with a Flat Substrate, Int. J. of Heat and Mass Transfer, 49, pp. 3285 – 3297, 2006
9-06 M. Ivosevic, R. A. Cairncross, R. Knight, T. E. Twardowski, V. Gupta, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; J. A. Baldoni, Duke University, Durham, NC, Effect of Substrate Roughness on Splatting Behavior of HVOF Sprayed Polymer Particles Modeling and Experiments, International Thermal Spray Conference, Seattle, WA, May 2006.
26-05 Ivosevic, M., Cairncross, R. A., Knight, R., Impact Modeling of Thermally Sprayed Polymer Particles, Proc. International Thermal Spray Conference [ITSC-2005], Eds., DVS/IIW/ASM-TSS, Basel, Switzerland, May 2005.
11-05 Brethour, J., Simulation of Viscoelastic Coating Flows with a Volume-of-fluid Technique, in Proceedings of the 6th European Coating Symposium, Bradford, UK, 2005
1-05 C.W. Hirt, Electro-Hydrodynamics of Semi-Conductive Fluids: With Application to Electro-Spraying, Flow Science Technical Note #70, FSI-05-TN70
38-04 K.H. Ho and Y.Y. Zhao, Modelling thermal development of liquid metal flow on rotating disc in centrifugal atomisation, Materials Science and Engineering, A365, pp. 336-340, 2004. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2003.09.044
30-04 M. Ivosevic, R.A. Cairncross, and R. Knight, Impact Modeling of HVOF Sprayed Polymer Particles, Presented at the 12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium, Rochester, New York, September 23-25, 2004
29-04 J.M. Brethour and C.W. Hirt, Stains Arising from Dried Liquid Drops, Presented at the 12th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium, Rochester, New York, September 23-25, 2004
20-03 James Brethour, Filling and Emptying of Gravure Cells–A CFD Analysis, Convertech Pacific October 2002, Vol. 10, No 4, p 34-37
4-03 M. Toivakka, Numerical Investigation of Droplet Impact Spreading in Spray Coating of Paper, In Proceedings of 2003 TAPPI 8th Advanced Coating Fundamentals Symposium, TAPPI Press, Atlanta, 2003
28-02 J.M. Brethour and H. Benkreira, Filling and Emptying of Gravure Cells—Experiment and CFD Comparison, 11th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium, September 23-25, 2002, Minneapolis, Minnesota
22-02 Hirt, C.W., and Brethour, J.M., Contact Line on Rough Surfaces with Application to Air Entrainment, Presented at the 11th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium, September 23-25, 2002, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Unpublished.
17-01 J. M. Brethour, C. W. Hirt, Moving Contact Lines on Rough Surfaces, 4th European Coating Symposium, 2001, Belgium
16-01 J. M. Brethour, Filling and Emptying of Gravure Cells–-A CFD Analysis, proceedings of the 4th European Coating Symposium 2001, October 1-4, 2001, Brussels, Belgium
26-00 Ronald H. Miller and Gary S. Strumolo, A Self-Consistent Transient Paint Simulation, Proceedings of IMEC2000: 2000 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 2000, Orlando, Florida
6-99 C. W. Hirt, Direct Computation of Dynamic Contact Angles and Contact Lines, ECC99 Coating Conference, Erlangen, Germany (FSI-99-00-2), Sept. 1999
7-98 J. E. Richardson and Y. Becker, Three-Dimensional Simulation of Slot Coating Edge Effects, Flow Science Inc, and Polaroid Corporation, presented at the 9th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium, Newark, DE, May 18-20, 1998
6-98 C. W. Hirt and E. Choinski, Simulation of the Wet-Start Process in Slot Coating, Flow Science Inc, and Polaroid Corporation, presented at the 9th International Coating Science and Technology Symposium, Newark, DE, May 18-20, 1998
3-97 C. W. Hirt and J. E. Richardson of Flow Science Inc, and K.S. Chen, Sandia National Laboratory, Simulation of Transient and Three-Dimensional Coating Flows Using a Volume-of-Fluid Technique, presented at the 50th Annual Conference of the Society for Imaging and Science Technology, Boston, MA 18-23 May 1997
2-96 C. W. Hirt, K. S. Chen, Simulation of Slide-Coating Flows Using a Fixed Grid and a Volume-of-Fluid Front-Tracking Technique, presented a the 8th International Coating Process Science & Technology Symposium, February 25-29, 1996, New Orleans, LA
다음은 일반 응용 분야의 기술 문서 모음입니다.
이 모든 논문은 FLOW-3D 결과를 포함하고 있습니다. 복잡한 다중 물리와 관련된 문제를 성공적으로 시뮬레이션하기 위해 FLOW-3D를 사용 하는 방법에 대해 자세히 알아보십시오.
Below is a collection of technical papers in our General Applications Bibliography. All of these papers feature FLOW-3D results. Learn more about how FLOW-3D can be used to successfully simulate problems that involve complex multiphysics.
2024년 8월 12일 Upate
204-23 Togo Shinonaga, Hibiki Tajima, Yasuhiro Okamoto, Akira Okada, Application of large-area electron beam irradiation to micro-edge filleting, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 107; pp. 65-73, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.10.039
167-23 Xiaoyong Cheng, Zhixian Cao, Ji Li, Alistair Borthwick, A numerical study of the settling of non-spherical particles in quiescent water, Physics of Fluids, 35.9; 2023. doi.org/10.1063/5.0165555
109-23 Dileep Karnam, Yu-Lung Lo, Chia-Hua Yang, Simulation study and parameter optimization of laser TSV using artificial neural networks, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 25; pp. 3712-3727, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.06.199
66-23 Erik Holmen Olofsson, Michael Roland, Jon Spangenberg, Ninna Halberg Jokil, Jesper Henri Hattel, A CFD model with free surface tracking: predicting fill level and residence time in a starve-fed single-screw extruder, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 126; pp. 3579-3591, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11329-w
20-23 Giampiero Sciortino, Valentina Lombardi, Pietro Prestininzi, Modelling of cantilever-based flow energy harvesters featuring C-shaped vibration inducers: The role of the fluid/beam interaction, Applied Sciences, 13.1; 416, 2023. doi.org/10.3390/app13010416
134-22 Guozheng Ma, Shuying Chen, Haidou Wang, Impact spread behavior of flying droplets and properties of splats, Micro Process and Quality Control of Plasma Spraying, pp. 87-202, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2742-3_3
111-22 Chia-Lin Chiu, Chia-Ming Fan, Chia-Ren Chu, Numerical analysis of two spheres falling side by side, Physics of Fluids, 34; 072112, 2022. doi.org/10.1063/5.0096534
58-21 Ruizhe Liu, Haidong Zhao, Experimental study and numerical simulation of infiltration of AlSi12 alloys into Si porous preforms with micro-computed tomography inspection characteristics, Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 129.6; pp. 315-322, 2021. doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.21018
56-20 Nils Steinau, CFD modeling of ascending Strombolian gas slugs through a constricted volcanic conduit considering a non-linear rheology, Thesis, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, 2020.
30-20 Bita Bayatsarmadi, Mike Horne, Theo Rodopoulos and Dayalan Gunasegaram, Intensifying diffusion-limited reactions by using static mixer electrodes in a novel electrochemical flow cell, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 167.6, 2020. doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab7e8f
75-19 Raphaël Comminal, Marcin Piotr Serdeczny, Navid Ranjbar, Mehdi Mehrali, David Bue Pedersen, Henrik Stang, Jon Spangenberg, Modelling of material deposition in big area additive manufacturing and 3D concrete printing, Proceedings, Advancing Precision in Additive Manufacturing, Nantes, France, September 16-18, 2019.
35-19 Sung-Won Ha, Tae-Won Kim, Joo-Hwan Choi, and Young-Jin Park, Study for flow phenomenon in the circulation water pump chamber using the Flow-3D model, Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 580-589, 2019. doi: 10.5762/KAIS.2019.20.4.580
27-19 Rolands Cepuritis, Elisabeth L. Skare, Evgeny Ramenskiy, Ernst Mørtsell, Sverre Smeplass, Shizhao Li, Stefan Jacobsen, and Jon Spangeberg, Analysing limitations of the FlowCyl as a one-point viscometer test for cement paste, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 218, pp. 333-340, 2019. doi: 10.1016.j.conbuildmat.2019.05.127
26-19 Shanshan Hu, Lunliang Duan, Qianbing Wan, and Jian Wang, Evaluation of needle movement effect on root canal irrigation using a computational fluid dynamics model, BioMedical Engineering OnLine, Vol. 18, No. 52, 2019. doi: 10.1186/s12938-019-0679-5
83-18 Elisabeth Leite Skare, Stefan Jacobsen, Rolands Cepuritis, Sverre Smeplass and Jon Spangenberg, Decreasing the magnitude of shear rates in the FlowCyl, Proceedings of the 12th fib International PhD Symposium in Civil Engineering, Prague, Czech Republic, August 29-31, 2018.
71-18 Marc Bascompta, Jordi Vives, Lluís Sanmiqeul and José Juan de Felipe, CFD friction factors verification in an underground mine, Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering, August 16 – 18, 2018, Madrid, Spain, Paper No. MMME 105, 2018. doi.org/10.11159/mmme18.105
56-18 J. Spangenberg, A. Uzala, M.W. Nielsen and J.H. Hattel, A robustness analysis of the bonding process of joints in wind turbine blades, International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, vol. 85, pp. 281-285, 2018. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.06.009
21-18 Zhang Weikang and Gong Hongwei, Numerical Simulation Study on Characteristics of Airtight Water Film with Flow Deflectors, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science vol. 153, no. 3, pp. 032025, 2018. doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/153/3/032025
59-17 Han Eol Park and In Cheol Bang, Design study on mixing performance of rotational vanes in subchannel with fuel rod bundles, Transactions of the Korean Nuclear Society Autumn Meeting, Gyeongju, Korea, October 26-27, 2017.
58-17 Jian Zhou, Claudia Cenedese, Tim Williams and Megan Ball, On the propagation of gravity currents over and through a submerged array of circular cylinders, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 831, pp. 394-417, 2017. doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.604
24-17 Zhiyuan Ge, Wojciech Nemec, Rob L. Gawthorpe, Atle Rotevatn and Ernst W.M. Hansen, Response of unconfined turbidity current to relay-ramp topography: insights from process-based numerical modelling, doi: 10.1111/bre.12255 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
06-17 Masoud Hosseinpoor, Kamal H. Khayat, Ammar Yahia, Numerical simulation of self-consolidating concrete flow as a heterogeneous material in L-Box set-up: coupled effect of reinforcing bars and aggregate content on flow characteristics, A. Mater Struct (2017) 50: 163. doi:10.1617/s11527-017-1032-8
94-16 Mehran Seyed Ahmadi, Markus Bussmann and Stavros A. Argyropoulos, Mass transfer correlations for dissolution of cylindrical additions in liquid metals with gas agitation, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 97, June 2016, Pages 767-778
83-16 Masoud Hosseinpoor, Numerical simulation of fresh SCC flow in wall and beam elements using flow dynamics models, Ph.D. Thesis: University of Sherbrooke, September 2016.
51-16 Aditi Verma, Application of computational transport analysis – Oil spill dynamics, Master Thesis: State University of New York at Buffalo, 2016, 56 pages; 1012775
37-16 Hannah Dietterich, Einat Lev, and Jiangzhi Chen, Benchmarking computational fluid dynamics models for lava flow simulation, Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 18, EGU2016-2202, 2016, EGU General Assembly 2016, © Author(s) 2016. CC Attribution 3.0 License.
19-16 A.J. Vellinga, M.J.B. Cartigny, E.W.M. Hansen, P.J. Tallinga, M.A. Clare, E.J. Sumner and J.T. Eggenhuisen, Process-based Modelling of Turbidity Currents – From Computational Fluid-dynamics to Depositional Signature, Second Conference on Forward Modelling of Sedimentary Systems, 25 April 2016, DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201600374
106-15 Hidetaka Oguma, Koji Tsukimoto, Saneyuki Goya, Yoshifumi Okajima, Kouichi Ishizaka, and Eisaku Ito, Development of Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies for High-efficiency Gas Turbines, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol. 52 No. 4, December 2015
93-15 James M. Brethour, Modelling of Cavitation within Highly Transient Flows with the Volume of Fluid Method, 1st Pan-American Congress on Computational Mechanics, April 27-29, 2015
90-15 Troy Shinbrot, Matthew Rutala, Andrea Montessori, Pietro Prestininzi and Sauro Succi, Paradoxical ratcheting in cornstarch, Phys. Fluids 27, 103101 (2015); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4934709
84-15 Nicolas Roussel, Annika Gram, Massimiliano Cremonesi, Liberato Ferrara, Knut Krenzer, Viktor Mechtcherine, Sergiy Shyshko, Jan Skocec, Jon Spangenberg, Oldrich Svec, Lars Nyholm Thrane and Ksenija Vasilic, Numerical simulations of concrete flow: A benchmark comparison, Cem. Concr. Res. (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.09.022
02-15 David Souders, FLOW-3D Version 11 Enhances CFD Simulation, Desktop Engineering, January 2015
125-14 Herbert Obame Mve, Romuald Rullière, Rémi Goulet and Phillippe Haberschill, Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer of a Flow Confined by Wire Screen in Lithium Bromide Absorption Process, Defect and Diffusion Forum, ISSN: 1662-9507, Vol. 348, pp 40-50, doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.348.40, © 2014 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
55-14 Agni Arumugam Selvi, Effect of Linear Direction Oscillation on Grain Refinement, Master’s Thesis: The Ohio State University, Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering, Copyright by Agni Arumugam Selvi, 2014
99-13 R. C. Givler and M. J. Martinez, Computational Model of Miniature Pulsating Heat Pipes, SANDIA REPORT, SAND2012-4750, Unlimited Release, Printed January 2013.
82-13 Shizhao Li, Jon Spangenberg, Jesper Hattel, A CFD Approach for Prediction of Unintended Porosities in Aluminum Syntactic Foam A Preliminary Study, 8th International Conference on Porous Metals and Metallic Foams (METFOAM 2013), Raleigh, NC, June 2013
81-13 S. Li, J. Spangenberg, J. H. Hattel, A CFD Model for Prediction of Unintended Porosities in Metal Matrix Composites A Preliminary Study, 19th International Conference on Composite Materials (ICCM 2013), Montreal, Canada, July 2013
78-13 Haitham A. Hussein, Rozi Abdullah, Sobri, Harun and Mohammed Abdulkhaleq, Numerical Model of Baffle Location Effect on Flow Pattern in Oil and Water Gravity Separator Tanks, World Applied Sciences Journal 26 (10): 1351-1356, 2013, ISSN 1818-4952, DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.26.10.1239, © IDOSI Publications, 2013
74-13 Laetitia Martinie, Jean-Francois Lataste, and Nicolas Roussel, Fiber orientation during casting of UHPFRC: electrical resistivity measurements, image analysis and numerical simulations, Materials and Structures, DOI 10.1617/s11527-013-0205-3, November 2013. Available for purchase online at SpringerLink.
67-13 Stefan Jacobsen, Rolands Cepuritis, Ya Peng, Mette R. Geiker, and Jon Spangenberg, Visualizing and simulating flow conditions in concrete form filling using Pigments, Construction and Building Materials 49 (2013) 328–342, © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Available for purchase at ScienceDirect.
60-13 Huey-Jiuan Lin, Fu-Yuan Hsu, Chun-Yu Chiu, Chien-Kuo Liu, Ruey-Yi Lee, Simulation of Glass Molding Process for Planar Type SOFC Sealing Devices, Key Engineering Materials, 573, 131, September 2013. Available for purchase at Scientific.net.
32-13 M A Rashid, I Abustan and M O Hamzah, Numerical simulation of a 3-D flow within a storage area hexagonal modular pavement systems, 4th International Conference on Energy and Environment 2013 (ICEE 2013), IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 16 (2013) 012056 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/16/1/012056. Full paper available at IOP.
105-12 Jon Spangenberg, Numerisk modellering af formfyldning ved støbning i selvkompakterende beton, Ph.D. Thesis: Technical University of Denmark, ID: 0eeede98-fb07-4800-86e2-0a6baeb1e7a3, 2012.
100-12 Nurul Hasan, Validation of CFD models using FLOW-3D for a Submerged Liquid Jet, Ninth International Conference on CFD in the Minerals and Process Industries, CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia, 10-12 December 2012.
87-12 Abustan, Ismail, Hamzah, Meor Othman and Rashid, Mohd Aminur, A 3-Dimensional Numerical Study of a Flow within a Permeable Pavement, OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 04, No. 02, pp. 37-44, April 2012.
86-12 Abustan, Ismail, Hamzah, Meor Othman and Rashid, Mohd Aminur, Review of Permeable Pavement Systems in Malaysia Conditions, OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 04, No. 02, pp. 27-36, April 2012.
85-12 Mohd Aminur Rashid, Ismail Abustan, Meor Othman Hamzah, Infiltration Characteristic Modeling Using FLOW-3D within a Modular Pavement, Procedia Engineering, Volume 50, 2012, Pages 658-667, ISSN 1877-7058, 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.10.072.
73-12 Mohd Aminur Rashid, Ismail Abustan, Meor Othman Hamzah, Infiltration Characteristic Modeling Using FLOW-3D within a Modular Pavement, Procedia Engineering, Volume 50, 2012, Pages 658-667, ISSN 1877-7058, 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.10.072.
65-12 X.H. Yang, T.J. Lu, T. Kim, Influence of non-conducting pore inclusions on phase change behavior of porous media with constant heat flux boundary, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Available online 10 October 2012. Available online at SciVerse.
56-12 Giancarlo Alfonsi, Agostino Lauria, Leonardo Primavera, Flow structures around large-diameter circular cylinder, Journal of Flow Visualization and Image Processing, DOI: 10.1615/JFlowVisImageProc.2012005088, 2012. Available for purchase online at Begell Digital Library.
49-12 M. Janocko, M.B.J. Cartigny, W. Nemec, E.W.M. Hansen, Turbidity current hydraulics and sediment deposition in erodible sinuous channels: laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, Marine and Petroleum Geology, Available online 17 September 2012. Available for purchase online at SciVerse.
32-12 Fatih Karadagli, Bruce E. Rittmann, Drew C. McAvoy, and John E. Richardson, Effect of Turbulence on the Disintegration Rate of Flushable Consumer Products, Water Environment Research, Volume 84, Number 5, May 2012
31-12 D. Valero Huerta and R. García-Bartual, Optimization of Air Conditioning Diffusers Location in Large Agricultural Warehouses Using CFD Techniques, International Conference of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR-AgEng2012) Valencia, Spain, July 8-12, 2012
16-12 Yi Fan Fu, Wei Dong, Ying Li, Yi Tan, Ming Hui Yi, Akira Kawasaki, Simulation of the Effects of the Physical Properties on Particle Formation of Pulsated Orifice Ejection Method (POEM), 2012, Advanced Materials Research, 509, 161. Available for purchase online at Scientific.Net.
92-11 Giancarlo Alfonsi, Agostino Lauria, Leonardo Primavera, The lower vertical structure past the Ahmed car model, International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS 2011. Available for purchase online at Begell Digital Library.
80-11 Ismail Abustan, Meor Othman Hamzah, Mohd Aminur Rashid, A 3-Dimensional Numerical Study of a Flow within a Permeable Pavement, OIDA International Conference on Sustainable Development, ISSN 1923-6670, Putrajaya, Malaysia, 5-7th December 2011
66-11 H. Kondo, T. Furukawa, Y. Hirakawa, K. Nakamura, M. Ida, K.Watanabe, T. Kanemura, E. Wakai, H. Horiike, N. Yamaoka, H. Sugiura, T. Terai, A. Suzuki, J. Yagi, S. Fukada, H. Nakamura, I. Matsushita, F. Groeschel, K. Fujishiro, P. Garin and H. Kimura, IFMIF-EVEDA lithium test loop design and fabrication technology of target assembly as a key component, Nuclear Fusion Volume 51 Number 12, doi:10.1088/0029-5515/51/12/123008
49-11 N.I. Vatin, A.A. Girgidov, K.I. Strelets, Numerical modelling the three-dimensional velocity field in the cyclone, Inzhenerno-Stroitel’nyi Zhurnal, No. 4, 2011. In Russian.
41-11 Maiko Hosoda, Taichi Hirano, and Keiji Sakai, Low-Viscosity Measurement by Capillary Electromagnetically Spinning Technique, © 2011 The Japan Society of Applied Physics, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, July 20, 2011.
18-11 Ortloff, C.R., Vogel, M., Spray cooling heat transfer — Test and CFD analysis, Semiconductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM), 2011 27th Annual IEEE, 20-24 March 2011, pp 245 – 252, San Jose, CA, 10.1109/STHERM.2011.5767208.
82-10 Dr. John Abbott, Two problems on the flow of viscous sheets of molten glass, 26th Annual Workshop on Mathematical Problems in Industry, Rensselear Polytechnic Institute, June 14-18, 2010
57-10 Chouet, B. A., Dawson, P. B., James, M. R. and Lane, S. J., Seismic source mechanism of degassing bursts at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Results from waveform inversion in the 10–50 s band, J. Geophys. Res., 115, B09311, doi:10.1029/2009JB006661, September 2010. Available online at JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH.
55-10 Pamela Waterman, FEA and CFD: Getting Better All the Time, Desktop Engineering, December 2010.
53-10 Nicolas Fries, Capillary transport processes in porous materials – experiment and model, Cuvillier Verlag Göttingen; 2010; ISBN 978-3-86955-507-2. Available at www.cuvillier.de and www.amazon.de.
45-10 Meiring Beyers, Thomas Harms, and Johan Stander, Mitigating snowdrift at the elevated SANAE IV research station in Antarctica CFD simulation and field application, The Fifth International Symposium on Computational Wind Engineering (CWE2010), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, May 23-27, 2010.
31-10 J. Spangenberg, N. Roussel, J.H. Hattel, J. Thorborg, M.R. Geiker, H. Stang and J. Skocek, Prediction of the Impact of Flow-Induced Inhomogeneities in Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), Ch. 25 of “Design, Production and Placement of Self-Consolidating Concrete,” RILEM Bookseries, 2010, Volume 1, Part 5, 209-215, DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9664-7_18. Available online at Springer Link.
28-10 Sirisha Burra, Daniel P. Nicolella, W. Loren Francis, Christopher J. Freitas, Nicholas J. Mueschke, Kristin Poole, and Jean X. Jiang, Dendritic processes of osteocytes are mechanotransducers that induce the opening of hemichannels, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jul 19. [Epub ahead of print], Available for purchase at PNAS.
19-10 Michael T. Tolley, Michael Kalontarov, Jonas Neubert, David Erickson and Hod Lipson, Stochastic Modular Robotic Systems A Study of Fluidic Assembly Strategies, IEEE Transactions on Robotics, Vol. 26, NO. 3, June 2010
59-17 Han Eol Park and In Cheol Bang, Design study on mixing performance of rotational vanes in subchannel with fuel rod bundles, Transactions of the Korean Nuclear Society Autumn Meeting, Gyeongju, Korea, October 26-27, 2017.
44-09 Micah Fuller, Fabian Bombardelli, Deb Niemeier, Particulate Matter Modeling in Near-Road Vegetation Environments, Contract AQ-04-01: Developing Effective and Quantifiable Air Quality Mitigation Measures, UC Davis, Caltrans, September 2009
28-09 D. C. Lo, Dong-Taur Su and Jan-Ming Chen (2009), Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations to the Analysis of Bank Effects in Restricted Waters, Journal of Navigation, 62, pp 477-491, doi:10.1017/S037346330900527X; Purchase the article online (clicking on this link will take you to the Cambridge Journals website).
24-09 Richard C. Givler and Mario J. Martinez, Modeling of Pulsating Heat Pipes, Sandia Report, SAND2009-4520, Sandia National Laboratories, August 2009.
45-08 J. Saeki, Seikei Kakou, Three-Dimensional Flow Analysis of a Thermosetting Compound in a Motor Stator, 20, 750-754 (2008) [in Japanese] (Zipped file contains paper and appendices)
38-08 Yoshifumi Kuriyama, Ken’ichi Yano and Masafumi Hamaguchi, Trajectory Planning for Meal Assist Robot Considering Spilling Avoidance, 17th IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, Part of 2008 1EEE Multi-conference on Systems and Control, San Antonio, Texas, September 3-5, 2008
29-08 Ernst W.M. Hansen, Wojciech Nemec and Snorre Heimsund, Numerical CFD simulations — a new tool for the modelling of turbidity currents and sand dispersal in deep-water basins, Production Geoscience 2008 in Stavanger, Norway, © 2008
17-08 James, M. R., Lane, S. J. & Corder, S. B., Modelling the rapid near-surface expansion of gas slugs in low-viscosity magmas, In Lane S. J., Gilbert J. S. (eds) Fluid Motion in Volcanic Conduits: A Source of Seismic and Acoustic Signals. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Pub., 307, 147-167, doi: 10.1144/SP307.9. 2008
16-08 Stefano Malavasi, Nicola Trabucchi, Numerical Investigation of the Flow Around a Rectangular Cylinder Near a Solid Wall, BBAA VI International Colloquium on: Bluff Bodies Aerodynamics & Applications, Milano, Italy, July 2008
41-07 Nicolas Roussel, Mette R. Geiker, Frederic Dufour, Lars N. Thrane and Peter Szabo, Computational modeling of concrete flow General Overview, Cement and Concrete Research 37 (2007) 1298-1307, © 2007 Elsevier Ltd.
40-07 Nemec, W., Heimsund, S., Xu, J. & Hansen, E.W.M., Numerical CFD simulation of turbidity currents, British Sedimentological Research Group (BSRG) Annual Meeting, Birmingham, 17-18 December 2007
39-07 Heimsund, S, Xu, J. & Nemec, W., Numerical Simulation of Recent Turbidity Currents in the Monterey Canyon System, Offshore California, American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, 10-14 December 2007
32-07 James, M. R., Lane, S. J. & Corder, S. B., Modeling the near-surface expansion of gas slugs in basaltic magma, Eos Trans. A.G.U., 88(52), Fall Meet. Suppl.. Abs. V12B-03. 2007
31-07 James, M. R., Lane, S. J. and Corder, S. B., Degassing low-viscosity magma: Quantifying the transition between passive bubble-burst and explosive activity, E.G.U. Geophys. Res. Abstr., 9, 05336, SRef-ID: 1607-7962/gra/EGU2007-A-05336. 2007
35-06 S. Green and C. Manepally, Software Validation Report for FLOW-3D Version 9.0, Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses, August 2006
33-06 N. Roussel, Correlation between yield stress and slump: Comparison between numerical simulations and concrete rheometers results, © RILEM 2006, Materials and Structures (2006) 39:501-509, Purchase online at Springer Link.
32-06 Heimsund, S., Möller, N. and Guargena, C., FLOW-3D simulation of the Ormen Lange field, mid-Norway, In: Hoyanagi, K., Takano, O. and Kano, K. (Ed.), Abstracts, International Association of Sedimentologists 17th International Sedimentological Congress, Fukuoka, Vol. B, p. 107, 2006
10-06 Gengsheng Wei, An Implicit Method to Solve Problems of Rigid Body Motion Coupled with Fluid Flow, Flow Science Technical Note #76, FSI-05-TN76.
8-06 Gengsheng Wei, Three-Dimensional Collision Modeling for Rigid Bodies and its Coupling with Fluid Flow Computation, Flow Science Technical Note #75, FSI-06-TN75.
34-05 Young Bae Kim, Kyung Do Kim, Sang Eui Hong, Jong Goo Kim, Man Ho Park, and Ju Hyun Kim, and Jae Keun Kweon, 3D Simulation of PU Foaming Flow in a Refrigerator Cabinet, Appliance Magazine.com, January 2005.
33-05 N. Roussel, Fifty-cent rheo-meter for yield stress measurements From slump to spreading flow, @2005 by The Society of Rheolgoy, Inc., J. Rheol. 49(3), 705-718 May/June (2005)
32-05 Heimsund, S., Möller, N., Guargena, C. and Thompson, L., Field-scale modeling of turbidity currents by FLOW-3D simulations, In: Workshop Abstracts, Modeling of Turbidity Currents and Related Gravity Currents, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2 p., (2005)
15-05 Gengsheng Wei, A Fixed-Mesh Method for General Moving Objects, Flow Science Technical Note #73, FSI-05-TN73
14-05 James M. Brethour, Incremental Thermoelastic Stress Model, Flow Science Technical Note #72, FSI-05-TN72
9-05 Gengsheng Wei, A Fixed-Mesh Method for General Moving Objects in Fluid Flow, Modern Physics Letters B, Vol. 19, Nos. 28-29 (2005) 1719-1722
1-05 C.W. Hirt, Electro-Hydrodynamics of Semi-Conductive Fluids: With Application to Electro-Spraying Flow Science Technical Note #70, FSI-05-TN70
35-04 J. Saeki, T. Kono and T. Teramae, Seikei Kakou, Formulation of Mathematical Models for Estimating Residual Stress and Strain Components Correlated with 3-D Flow of Thermosetting Compounds, 16, 5, 309-316 (2004) [in Japanese]. (Zipped file contains paper and appendices)
31-04 Heimsund, S., Möller, N., Guargena, C. and Thompson, L., The control of seafloor topography on turbidite sand dispersal in the Ormen Lange field: a large-scale application of FLOW-3D simulations, In: Martinsen, O.J. (Ed.), Abstracts and Proceedings of the Geological Society of Norway (NGF), Deep Water Sedimentary Systems of Arctic and North Atlantic Margins, Stavanger, 3, p. 25, (2004)
26-04 Beyers, J.H.M., Harms, T.M. and Sundsbø, P.A., 2004, Numerical simulation of three dimensional, transient snow drifting around a cube, Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics, vol. 92, pp. 725-747, ISSN 0167-6105
25-04 Beyers, J.H.M, Harms, T.M. and Sundsbø, P.A., 2004, Numerical simulation of snow drifting around an elevated obstacle, Proceedings of the 5th conference on snow engineering, Davos, Switzerland, pp.185-191
17-04 Michael Barkhudarov, Multi-Block Gridding Technique for FLOW-3D (Revised), Flow Science Technical Note #59-R2, FSI-00-TN59-R2
36-03 Heimsund, S., Hansen, E.W.M. and Nemec, W., Numerical CFD simulation of turbidity currents and comparison with laboratory data, In: Hodgetts, D., Hodgson, D. and Smith, R. (Ed.), Slope Modelling Workshop Abstracts, Experimental, Reservoir and Forward Modelling of Turbidity Currents and Deep-Water Sedimentary Systems, Liverpool Univ., p. 13., (2003b)
35-03 Heimsund, S., Hansen, E.W.M. and Nemec, W. Computational 3-D fluid-dynamics model for sediment transport, erosion and deposition by turbidity currents, In: Nakrem, H.A. (Ed.), Abstracts and Proceedings of the Geological Society of Norway (NGF), Den 18. Vinterkonferansen, Oslo, 1, p. 39., (2003a)
33-03 Beyers, J.H.M., Sundsbø, P.A. and Harms, T.M., 2003, Numerical simulation and verification of drifting snow around a cube, Proceedings of the 11th international conference on wind engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA, pp. 1886-1893
27-03 Jun Zeng, Daniel Sobek and Tom Korsmeyer, Electro-Hydrodynamic Modeling of Electrospray Ionization CAD for a µFluidic Device-Mass Spectrometer Interface, Agilent Technologies Inc, paper presented at Transducers 2003, June 03 Boston (note: Reference #10 is to FLOW-3D)
25-03 J. M Brethour, Moving Boundaries an Eularian Approach, Moving Boundaries VII, Computational Modelling of Free and Moving Boundary Problems, A. A. Mammoli & C.A. Brebbia, WIT Press
19-03 James Brethour, Incremental Elastic Stress Model, Flow Science Technical Note (FSI-03-TN64)
18-03 Michael Barkhudarov, Semi-Lagrangian VOF Advection Method for FLOW-3D, Flow Science Technical Note (FSI-03-TN63)
11-02 Junichi Saeki and Tsutomu Kono, Three-Dimensional Flow Analysis of a Thermosetting Compound during Mold Filling, Polymer Processing Society 18th Annual Meeting, June 2002, Guimares, Portugal.
46-01 Yasunori Iwai, Takumi Hayashi, Toshihiko Yamanishi, Kazuhiro Kobayashi and Masataka Nishi, Simulation of Tritium Behavior after Intended Tritium Release in Ventilated Room, Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, Vol. 38, No. 1, p. 63-75, January 2001
23-01 Borre Bang, Dag Lukkassen, Application of Homogenization Theory Related to Stokes Flow in Porous Media, Applications of Mathematics, Narvik, Norway, No 4, pp. 309-319.
15-01 Ernst Hansen, SINTEF Energy Research, Trondheim, Norway, Computer Simulation Helps Increase Flow Rate in Three-Phase Separator, Drilling Marketplace, Vol 55, No 10, May 15, 2001, pp.14
10-01 Ernst Hansen, SINTEF Energy Research, Phenomeological Modeling and Simulation of Fluid Flow and Separation Behaviour in Offshore Gravity Separators, PVP-Col 431, Emerging Technologies for Fluids, Structures and Fluids, Structures and Fluid Structure Interaction — 2001, ASME 2001, pp. 23-29
7-01 C. Bohm, D. A. Weiss, and C. Tropea, Multi-droplet Impact onto Solid Walls Droplet-droplet Interaction and Collision of Kinemeatic Discontinuities, DaimlerChrysler Research and Technology, ILASS-Europe 2000, September 11-13, 2000
6-01 Ernst Hansen, Simulation Raises Separator Flow Rate, Engineering Talk, March 21, 2001
3-01 M. Sick, H. Keck, G. Vullioud, and E. Parkinson, New Challenges in Pelton Research
1-01 Y. Darsht, K. Kuvanov, A. Puzanov, I. Kholkin, FLOW-3D in Designing Hydraulic Systems for Heavy Machinery (in Russian), SAPR I Grafika (CAD and Graphics), August 2000, pp. 50-55.
22-00 A. K. Temu, O. K. Sønju and E. W. M. Hansen, Criteria for Minimum Particle Deposition onto a Cylinder in Crossflow, International Symposium on Multiphase Flow and Transport Phenomena, November 2000, Tekirova, Antalya, Turkey
21-00 Claus Maier, Stefan aus der Wiesche and Eberhard P. Hofer, Impact of Microdrops on Solid Surfaces for DNA-Synthesis, Department of Measurement, Control and Microtechnology, University of Ulm, Technical Proceedings of the 2000 International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems, pp. 586-589
11-00 Thomas K. Thiis, A Comparison of Numerical Simulations and Full-scale Measurements of Snowdrifts around Buildings, Wind and Structures – ISSN: 1226-6116,Vol. 3, nr. 2 (2000), pp. 73-81
10-00 P.A. Sundsbo and B. Bang, Snow drift control in residential areas-Field measurements and numerical simulations, Fourth International Conference on Snow Engineering, pp. 377-382
9-00 Thomas K. Thiis and Christian Jaedicke, The Snowdrift Pattern Around Two Cubical Obstacles with Varying Distance—Measurement and Numerical Simulations, Snow Engineering, edited by Hjorth-Hansen, et al, Balkema, Rotterdam, 2000, pp.369-375.
8-00 Thomas K. Thiis and Christian Jaedicke, Changes in the Snowdrift Pattern Caused by a Building Extension—Investigations Through Scale Modeling and Numerical Simulations, Snow Engineering, edited by Hjorth-Hansen, et al, Balkema, Rotterdam, 2000, pp. 363-368
7-00 Bruce Letellier, Louis Restrepo, and Clinton Shaffer, Near-Field Dispersion of Fission Products in Complex Terrain Using a 3-D Turbulent Fluid-Flow Model, CCPS International Conference, San Francisco, CA, September 28-October 1, 1999
6-00 Bruce Letellier, Patrick McClure, and Louis Restrepo, Source-Term and Building-Wake Consequence Modeling for the GODIVA IV Reactor at Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1999 Safety Analysis Workshop, Portland, Oregon, June 13-18, 1999
11-99 Thomas K. Thiis and Yngvar Gjessing, Large-scale Measurements of Snowdrifts Around Flat-roofed and Single-pitch-roofed Buildings, Cold Regions Science and Technology 30, Narvik, Norway, May 17, 1999, pp. 175-181
3-99 A. A. Gubaidullin, Jr., T. N. Dinh, and B. R. Sehgal, Analysis of Natural Convection Heat Transfer and Flows in Internally Heated Stratified Liquid, accepted for publication 33rd Natl. Heat Transfer Conf. CD proceedings, Albuquerque, NM, August 15-17, 1999
20-98 Mark W. Silva, A Computational Study of Highly Viscous Impinging Jets, published by the Amarillo National Resource Center for Plutonium, ANRCP-1998-18, November 1998
17-98 P. A. Sundsbo and B. Bang, 1998, Calculation of Snowdrift Around Roadside Safety Barriers, Proc of the International Snow Science Workshop, Sept. 1998, Sunriver, Oregon, USA 279-283
11-98 P-A Sundsbo, Numerical simulations of wind deflection fins to control snow accumulation in building steps, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 74-76 (1998) 543-552
23-97 P.E. O’Donoghue, M.F. Kanninen, C.P. Leung, G. Demofonti, and S. Venzi, The development and validation of a dynamic propagation model for gas transmission pipelines, Intl J. Pres. Ves. & Piping 70 (1997) 11-25, P11 : S0308 – 0161 (96) 00012 – 9.
22-97 Christopher J. Matice, Simulation of High Speed Filling, Presented at High Speed Processing & Filling of Plastic Containers, SME, Chicago, Illinois, November 11, 1997.
12-97 B. Entezam and W. K. Van Moorhem, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT and J. Majdalani, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, Modeling of a Rijke-Tube Pulse Combustor Using Computational Fluid Dynamics, presented at 33rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Seattle, WA, July 6-9, 1997.
11-97 B. Entezam, Computational and Experimental Investigation of Unsteady Flowfield Inside the Rijke Tube, doctoral thesis submitted to University of Utah, Dept. Mechanical Engineering, Salt Lake City, UT, June 1997
2-97 K. Fujisaki, T. Ueyama, and K. Okazawa, Magnetohydrodynamic Calculation of In-Mold Electromagnetic Stirring, Nippon Steel Corp., IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 33, No. 2, March 1997
1-97 P. A. Sundsbo, Four Layer Modelling and Numerical Simulations of Snow Drift, to be submitted to the Journal of Glaciology, 1997
23-96 Andy K Palmer, Computational Fluid Dynamic Software Comparison and Electrostatic Precipitator Modeling, Presented to the Faculty of California State University, Summer 1996
21-96 P. A. Sundsbo, Computer Simulation of Snow-Drift around Structures, Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Building Physics in the Nordic Countries, Vol. 2, 533-539, Finland, 9-10 Sep. 1996
20-96 P. A. Sundsbo and E.W.M. Hansen, Modelling and Numerical Simulation of Snow-Drift around Snow Fences, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Snow Engineering, Sendai, Japan, 26-31 May 1996
19-96 P. A. Sundsbo, Numerical Modelling and Simulation of Snow Accumulations around Porous Fences, Proceedings of the International Snow Science Workshop, Banff, Alberta, Canada, 6-10 Oct. 1996
18-96 T. Iverson, Editor, Applied Modelling and Simulation, Proceedings of the 38th SIMS Simulation Conference, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, June 11-13, 1996
17-96 C. L. Parish, Modeling Compressible Flow Through an Orifice Stack Using Numerical Methods, thesis submitted for M.S. Mech. Engineering, NM State University, Las Cruces, NM, December 1996
15-96 T. Wiik and R. K. Calay, A Study of Balcony on Flow-Field and Wind Loads for Low-Rise Buildings, Fourth Symposium on Building Physics in the Nordic Countries, Dipoli, Espoo, Finland, September 1996
14-96 T. Wiik, E.W.M. Hansen, The Assessment of Wind Loads on Roof Overhang of Low-Rise Buildings, Second International Symposium Wind Engineering, Fort Collins, CO, September 1996
13-96 T. Wiik, R. K. Calay, and A. Holdo, A Study of Effects of Eaves on Flow-Field and Wind Loads for Low-Rise Houses, Third International Colloquium on Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Applications, Blacksburg, Virginia, August 1996
11-96 Y. Miyamoto and M. Harada, A Flow Analysis accompanied by Formation of the Liquid Droplets shown with an Animation Display Technique, SEA Corporation, presented at Visualization Information Conference, Tokyo, Japan, July 17, 1996
8-96 J. Bakken, E. Naess, T. Engebretsen, and E. W. M. Hansen, Fluid Flow in Porous Media, proceedings of the 38th SIMS Simulations Conference, Norwegian Univ. of Science & Technology, Trondheim, Norway, June 11-13, 1996
7-96E. W. M. Hansen, Performance of Oil/Water Gravity Separators Imposed to Motion, proceedings of the 38th SIMS Simulations Conference, Norwegian Univ. of Science & Technology, Trondheim, Norway, June 11-13, 1996
8-95 J. J. Francis, Computational Hydrodynamic Study of Flow through a Vertical Slurry Heat Exchanger, NSF Summer Research Program, Dept. Mech. Engineering, Univ. of Nevada Las Vegas, August 9, 1995
4-94 J. L. Ditter and C. W. Hirt, A Scalable Model for Mixing Vessels, Flow Science report, FSI-94-00-1, presented at the 1994 ASME Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting, Incline Village, NV, June 1994
3-94 A. Nielsen, B. Bang, P. A. Sundsbo and T. Wiik, Computer Simulation of Windspeed, Windpressure and Snow Accumulation around Buildings (SNOW-SIM), 1st International Conference on HVAC in Cold Climate, Rovaniemi, Finland, from Narvik Institute of Technology, Narvik, Norway, March 1994
2-94 J. M. Sicilian, Addition of an Extended Bubble Model to FLOW-3D, Flow Science report, FSI-94-58-1, March 1994
1-94 T. Hong, C. Zhu, P. Cal and L-S Fan, Numerical Modeling of Basic Modes of Formation and Interactions of Bubbles in Liquids, Dept. Chem. Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, March 1994
14-93 J. L. Ditter and C. W. Hirt, A Scalable Model for Stir Tanks, Flow Science Technical Note #38, December 1993 (FSI-93-TN38)
13-93 J. Partinen, N. Saluja and J. K. Kirtley, Jr., Experimental and Computational Investigation of Rotary Electromagnetic Stirring in a Woods Metal System, Dept. of Math, Science and Engr. and Dept. of Electrical Engr. and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
12-93 J. Partinen, N. Saluja and J. K. Kirtley, Jr., Modeling of Surface Deformation in an Electromagnetically Stirred Metallic Melt, Dept. of Math, Science, and Engr. and Dept. of Electrical Engr. and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
10-93 C. Philippe, Summary Report on Test Calculations with FLOW-3D/CAST93, (coupled-rigid-body dynamics model), ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, September 17, 1993
5-93 J. M. Sicilian, J. L. Ditter and C. L. Bronisz, FLOW-3D Analyses of CFD Triathlon Benchmark, Flow Science report, presented at the ASME Fluids Engineering Conference, Washington DC, June 20-24, 1993
4-93 T. Wiik, Ventilation of the Attic due to Wind Loads on Low-Rise Buildings, paper for 3rd Symposium of Building Physics in Nordic Countries, Narvik Institute of Technology, Narvik, Norway, summer 1993
3-93 E. W. M. Hansen, Modelling and Simulation of Separation Effects and Fluid Flow Behaviour in Process-Units, SIMS’93 – 35th Simulation Conference, Kongsberg, Norway, June 9-11, 1993
2-93 M. A. Briones, R. S. Brodsky and J. J. Chalmers, Computer Simulation of the Rupture of a Gas Bubble at a Gas-Liquid Interface and its Implications in Animal Cell Damage, Dept. Chemical Engineering, Ohio State University, Manuscript No. RB68, April 1993
11-92 G. Trapaga, E. F. Matthys, J. J. Valencia and J. Szekely, Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer, and Solidification of Molten Metal Droplets Impinging on Substrates: Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Results, Metallurgical Transactions B, Vol. 23B, pp. 701-718, December 1992
10-92 J. B. Dalin, J. M. Le Guilly, P. Le Roy and E. Maas, Numerical Simulations Applied to the Production of Automotive Foundry Components, Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes, Wood & Zienkiewicz (eds), Balkema, Rotterdam, 1992
5-92 C. W. Hirt, Volume-Fraction Techniques: Powerful Tools for Flow Modeling, Flow Science report (FSI-92-00-02), presented at the Computational Wind Engineering Conference, University of Tokyo, August 1992
3-92 C. L. Bronisz and C.W. Hirt, Lubricant Flow in a Rotary Lip Seal, Flow Science Technical Note #33, February 1992 (FSI-92-TN33)
16-91 A. Nielsen, SNOW-SIM – Computer Model for Simulation of Wind and Snow Loads on Buildings and Structures, Building Science, Narvik Institute of Technology, Narvik, Norway, (not dated)
15-91 E. W. M. Hansen, H. Heitmann, B. Laska, A. Ellingsen, O. Ostby, T. B. Morrow and F. T. Dodge, Fluid Flow Modelling of Gravity Separators, SINTEF, Norway and Southwest Research Institute, Texas, Elsevier Science Publishers, 1991
14-91 E. W. M. Hansen, H. Heitmann, B. Laska and M. Loes, Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow Behaviour Inside, and Redesign of a Field Separator, SINTEF, Norway and STATOIL, Norway (not dated)
13-91 G. Trapaga and J. Szekely, Mathematical Modeling of the Isothermal Impingement of Liquid Droplets in Spraying Processes, Metallurgical Transactions, Vol. 22B, pp. 901-914, December 1991
11-91 N. Saluja and J. Szekely, Velocity Fields and Free Surface Phenomena in an Inductively Stirred Mercury Pool, European Journal of Mechanics, B/Fluids, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 563-572, Oct. 1991
4-90 J. M. Sicilian, A Note on Implementing Specified Velocities and Momentum Sources, Flow Science report, September 1990 (FSI-90-00-5)
13-90 P. Jonsson, N. Saluja, O. J. Ilegbusi, and J. Szekely, Fluid Flow Phenomena in the Filling of Cylindrical Molds Using Newtonian (Turbulent) and Non-Newtonian (Power Law) Fluids, submitted to Trans. of the American Foundrymen’s Soc., June 1990
12-90 N. Saluja, O. J. Ilegbusi, and J. Szekely, On the Computation of the Velocity Fields and the Dynamic Free Surface Generated in a Liquid Metal Column by a Rotating Magnetic Field, submitted to J. Fluid Mech., July 1990
7-90 C. L. Bronisz and C. W. Hirt, Modeling Unsaturated Flow in Porous Media: A FLOW-3D Extension, Flow Science report, July 1990 (FSI-90-48-2)
5-90 C. L. Bronisz and C. W. Hirt, Hydrodynamic Ram Simulations Using FLOW-3D, Flow Science report, May 1990 (FSI-90-49-1)
3-90 C. W. Hirt, Turbojet Plume Flow Analysis, Flow Science report, February 1990 (FSI-90-45-1)
5-89 K. S. Eckhoff and E. W. M. Hansen, Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Investigation of Separation in Two-Phase Rotating Flow, SINTEF-Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Report No. OR 22 1907.00.01.89, 29 April 1989
2-89 J. M. Sicilian and J. R. Tegart, Comparisons of FLOW-3D Calculations with Very Large Amplitude Slosh Data, presented at the Symposium on Computational Experiments, PVP ASME Conference, Honolulu, HI, July 22-27, 1989
2-88 J. M. Sicilian and C. W. Hirt, AFT Field Joint: CFD Analysis Using the FLOW-3D Program, in Redesigned Solid Rocket Motor Circumferential Flow Technical Interchange Meeting Final Report, NASA-TWR-17788, February 1988
14-87 C. J. Freitas, S. T. Green, and T. B. Morrow, Fluid Dynamics Associated with Ductile Pipeline Fracture, Southwest Research Institute report presented at ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, December 1987
13-87 J. Sicilian, The FLOW-3D Model for Thermal Conduction in Solids, Flow Science report, Dec. 1987 (FSI-87-00-4)
7-87 C.W. Hirt, Vectored Nozzle Flow with Turbulence Modeling, Flow Science report, Sept. 1987 (FSI-87-29-1)
4-87 J.M. Sicilian, C.W. Hirt, and R. P. Harper, FLOW-3D: Computational Modeling Power for Scientists and Engineers, Flow Science report, 1987 (FSI-87-00-1)
3-86 J. M. Sicilian, Natural-Convection Heat-Transfer Analysis, Flow Science Technical Note #4, June 1986 (FSI-86-00-TN4)
2-86 J. Navickas and C. R. Cross, Air Circulation Characteristics and Convective Losses in a 5-MW Molten Salt Cavity Solar Receiver, ASME 8th Annual Conference on Solar Engineering, Anaheim, California, April 13-16, 1986
5-85 C. W. Hirt and R. P. Harper, Calculations of Vent Clearing in a Chemical Process Tank, Flow Science report, December 1985 (FSI-85-28-1)
2-84 Applications of SOLA-3D/FSI to Fluid Slosh, Flow Science report, May 1984
다음은 금속 주조 참고 문헌의 기술 문서 모음입니다.
이 모든 논문은 FLOW-3D CAST 결과를 포함하고 있습니다. FLOW-3D CAST 를 사용하여 금속 주조 산업의 어플리케이션을 성공적으로 시뮬레이션 하는 방법에 대해 자세히 알아보십시오.
2024년 11월 20일 Update
93-24 Benedict Baumann, Andreas Kessler, Claudia Dommaschk, Gotthard Wolf , Influence of filter structure and casting system on filtration efficiency in aluminum mold casting, Multifunctional Ceramic Filter Systems for Metal Melt Filtration, Eds. C.G. Aneziris, H. Biermann, Springer Series in Materials Science, 337; 2024. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40930-1_28
93-24 Benedict Baumann, Andreas Kessler, Claudia Dommaschk, Gotthard Wolf , Influence of filter structure and casting system on filtration efficiency in aluminum mold casting, Multifunctional Ceramic Filter Systems for Metal Melt Filtration, Eds. C.G. Aneziris, H. Biermann, Springer Series in Materials Science, 337; 2024. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40930-1_28
87-24 Rahul Jayakumar, T.P.D. Rajan, Sivaraman Savithri, A GPU based accelerated solver for simulation of heat transfer during metal casting process, Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 32.5; 055013, 2024. doi.org/10.1088/1361-651X/ad4406
46-24 Masyrukan, Irwan Mawarda, Sunardi Wiyono, Bibit Sugito, Ummi Kultsum, Dessy Ade Pratiwi, Desi Gustiani, Nur Annisa Istiqamah, The effect of differences in in-gate diameter size on the structure and mechanical properties of aluminum (Al) castings in pipe products with a red sand mold, AIP Conference Proceedings, 2838.1; 2024. doi.org/10.1063/5.0185773
43-24 German Alberto Barragán De Los Rios, Silvio Andrés Salazar Martínez, Emigdio Mendoza Fandiño, Patricia Fernández-Morales, Numerical simulation of aluminum foams by space holder infiltration, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-024-01287-8
40-24 Bin Zhang, Gary P. Grealy, Thermomechanical modeling on AirSlip® billet DC casting of high-strength crack-prone aluminum alloys, Light Metals 2024, Eds. S. Wagstaff, pp. 1015-1025, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50308-5_128
35-24 Balaji Chandrakanth, Ved Prakash, Adwaita Maiti, Diya Mukherjee, Development of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) inspired structured cast iron foams through casting route, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-023-01247-8
19-24 Diya Mukherjee, Himadri Roy, Balaji Chandrakanth, Nilrudra Mandal, Sudip Kumar Samanta, Manidipto Mukherjee, Enhancing properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy through microalloying and heat treatment, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 314; 128881, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.128881
46-24 Masyrukan, Irwan Mawarda, Sunardi Wiyono, Bibit Sugito, Ummi Kultsum, Dessy Ade Pratiwi, Desi Gustiani, Nur Annisa Istiqamah, The effect of differences in in-gate diameter size on the structure and mechanical properties of aluminum (Al) castings in pipe products with a red sand mold, AIP Conference Proceedings, 2838.1; 2024. doi.org/10.1063/5.0185773
43-24 German Alberto Barragán De Los Rios, Silvio Andrés Salazar Martínez, Emigdio Mendoza Fandiño, Patricia Fernández-Morales, Numerical simulation of aluminum foams by space holder infiltration, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-024-01287-8
40-24 Bin Zhang, Gary P. Grealy, Thermomechanical modeling on AirSlip® billet DC casting of high-strength crack-prone aluminum alloys, Light Metals 2024, Eds. S. Wagstaff, pp. 1015-1025, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50308-5_128
35-24 Balaji Chandrakanth, Ved Prakash, Adwaita Maiti, Diya Mukherjee, Development of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) inspired structured cast iron foams through casting route, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2024. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-023-01247-8
19-24 Diya Mukherjee, Himadri Roy, Balaji Chandrakanth, Nilrudra Mandal, Sudip Kumar Samanta, Manidipto Mukherjee, Enhancing properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy through microalloying and heat treatment, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 314; 128881, 2024. doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.128881
181-23 Daichi Minamide, Ken’ichi Yano, Masahiro Sano, Takahiro Aoki, Overflow design system to decrease gas defects considering the direction of molten metal flow, 3rd International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering (ICECCME), pp. 1-6, 2023. doi.org/10.1109/ICECCME57830.2023.10253413
102-23 Daichi Minamide, Ken’ichi Yano, Masahiro Sano, Takahiro Aoki, Automatic design of overflow system for preventing gas defects by considering the direction of molten metal flow, Computer-Aided Design, 163; 103586, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2023.103586
87-23 Prosenjit Das, Optimisation of melt pouring temperature and low superheat casting of Al-15Mg2Si-4.5Si composite, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 36.1-3; 2023. doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2023.2211895
60-23 Yuanhao Gu, Feng Wang, Jian Jiao, Zhi Wang, Le Zhou, Pingli Mao, Zheng Liu, Study on semisolid rheo-diecasting process, microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Al-1Ca-0.5Sb alloy with high solid fraction, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-023-01001-0
48-23 Patricia Fernández‑Morales, Lauramaría Echeverrí, Emigdio Mendoza Fandiño, Alejandro Alberto Zuleta Gil, Replication casting and additive manufacturing for fabrication of cellular aluminum with periodic topology: optimization by CFD simulation, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 26; pp. 1789-1797, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11124-7
45-23 Daniel Martinez, Philip King, Santosh Reddy Sama, Jay Sim, Hakan Toykoc, Guha Manogharan, Effect of freezing range on reducing casting defects through 3D sand-printed mold designs, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11112-x
38-23 Emanuele Pagone, Christopher Jones, John Forde, William Shaw, Mark Jolly, Konstantinos Salonitis, Defect minimization in vacuum-assisted plaster mould investment casting through simulation of high-value aluminium alloy components, TMS 2023: Light Metals, pp. 1078-1086, 2023.
33-23 Philip King, Guha Manogharan, Novel experimental method for metal flow analysis using open molds for sand casting, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-023-00966-2
32-23 Sujeet Kumar Gautam, Himadri Roy, Aditya Kumar Lohar, Sudip Kumar Samanta, Studies on mold filling behavior of Al–10.5Si–1.7Cu Al alloy during rheo pressure die casting system, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-023-00958-2
31-23 Anand Kumbhare, Prasenjit Biswas, Anil Bisen, Chandan Choudary, Investigation of effect of the rheological parameters on the flow behavior of ADC12 Al alloy in rheo-pressure die casting, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2023. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-023-00962-6
24-23 Natalia Raźny, Anna Dmitruk, Maria Serdechnova, Carsten Blawert, Joanna Ludwiczak, Krzysztof Naplocha, The performance of thermally conductive tree-like cast aluminum structures in PCM-based storage units, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 142; 106606, 2023. doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.106606
172-22 J. Yokesh Kumar, S. Gopi, K.S. Amirthagadeswaran, Redesigning and numerical simulation of gating system to reduce cold shut defect in submersible pump part castings, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 2022. doi.org/10.1177/0954408922114218
125-22 Maximilian Erber, Tobias Rosnitschek, Christoph Hartmann, Bettina Alber-Laukant, Stephan Tremmel, Wolfram Volk, Geometry-based assurance of directional solidification for complex topology-optimized castings using the medial axis transform, Computer-Aided Design, 152; 103394, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2022.103394
74-22 Vasilios Fourlakidis, Ilia Belov, Attila Diószeg, Experimental model of the pearlite interlamellar spacing in lamellar graphite iron, Tecnologia em Metalurgia, Materiais e Mineração, 19; e2634, 2022. doi.org/10.4322/2176-1523.20222634
71-22 M. G. Mahmoud, Amr Abdelghany, Serag Salem, Numerical simulation of door lock plates castings produced by high pressure die casting process, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-022-00797-7
70-22 Andreas Schilling, Daniel Schmidt, Jakob Glück, Niklas Schwenke, Husam Sharabi, Martin Fehlbier, About the impact on gravity cast salt cores in high pressure die casting and rheocasting, Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 119; 102585, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2022.102585
52-22 Manthan Dhisale, Jitesh Vasavada, Asim Tewari, An approach to optimize cooling channel parameters of low pressure die casting process for reducing shrinkage porosity in aluminium alloy wheels, Materials Today: Proceedings, in print, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.478
44-22 Zihan Lang, Feng Wang, Wei Wang, Zhi Wang, Le Zhou, Pingli Mao, Zheng Liu, Numerical simulation and experimental study on semi-solid forming process of 319s aluminum alloy test bar, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-022-00788-8
32-22 Elisa Fracchia, Federico Simone Gobber, Claudio Mus, Raul Pirovino, Mario Russo, The local squeeze technology for challenging aluminium HPDC automotive components, Light Metals, pp. 772-778, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92529-1_102
141-21 O. Ayer, O. Kaya, Mould design optimisation by FEM, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2130; 012021, 2021. doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2130/1/012021
117-21 I. Rajkumar, N. Rajini, T. Ram Prabhu, Sikiru O. Ismail, Suchart Siengchin, Faruq Mohammad, Hamad A. Al-Lohedan , Applicability of angular orientations of gating designs to quality of sand casting components using two-cavity mould set-up, Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/s12666-021-02434-z
106-21 M. Ahmed, E. Riedel, M. Kovalko, A. Volochko, R. Bähr, A. Nofal, Ultrafine ductile and austempered ductile irons by solidification in ultrasonic field, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-021-00683-8
97-21 J. Glueck, A. Schilling, N. Schwenke, A. Fros, M.Fehlbier, Efficiency and agility of a liquid CO2 cooling system for molten metal systems, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 28; 101485, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2021.101485
82-21 Giulia Scampone, Raul Pirovano, Stefano Mascetti, Giulio Timelli, Experimental and numerical investigations of oxide-related defects in Al alloy gravity die castings, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 117; pp. 1765-1780, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07680-5
74-21 Shuyang Ren, Feng Wang, Jingying Sun, Zheng Liu, Pingli Mao, Gating system design based on numerical simulation and production experiment verification of aluminum alloy bracket fabricated by semi-solid rheo-die casting process, International Journal of Metalcasting, 2021. doi.org/10.1007/s40962-021-00648-x
69-21 Ozen Gursoy, Murat Colak, Kazim Tur, Derya Dispinar, Characterization of properties of Vanadium, Boron and Strontium addition on HPDC of A360 alloy, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 271; 124931, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.124931
54-21 K. Munpakdee, P. Ninpetch, S. Otarawanna, R. Canyook, P. Kowitwarangkul, Effect of feed sprue size on porosity defects in Platinum 950 centrifugal investment casting via numerical modelling, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 11th TSME-International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, December 1-4, 2020, 1137; 012021, 2021. doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1137/1/012021/
44-21 Yunxiang Zhang, Haidong Zhao, Fei Liu, Microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties improvement of gravity cast Al-7Si-0.4Mg alloys with Zr additions, Materials Characterization, 176; 111117, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111117
05-21 Heqian Song, Lunyong Zhang, Fuyang Cao, Xu Gu, Jianfei Sun, Oxide bifilm defects in aluminum alloy castings, Materials Letters, 285; 129089, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.129089
127-20 Eric Riedel, Niklas Bergedieck, Stefan Scharf, CFD simulation based investigation of cavitation cynamics during high intensity ultrasonic treatment of A356, Metals, 10.11; 1529, 2020. doi.org/10.3390/met10111529
86-20 Malte Leonhard, Matthias Todte, Jörg Schäfer, Realistic simulation of the combustion of exothermic feeders, Modern Casting, August 2020; pp. 35-40, 2020. (See also 58-19)
52-20 Mingfan Qi, Yonglin Kang, Jingyuan Li, Zhumabieke Wulabieke, Yuzhao Xu, Yangde Li, Aisen Liu, Junchen Chen, Microstructures refinement and mechanical properties enhancement of aluminum and magnesium alloys by combining distributary-confluence channel process for semisolid slurry preparation with high pressure die-casting, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 285; 116800, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2020.116800
46-20 Yasushi Iwata, Shuxin Dong, Yoshio Sugiyama, Jun Yaokawa, Melt permeability changes during solidification of aluminum alloys and application to feeding simulation for die castings, Materials Transactions, 61.7; pp. 1381-1386, 2020. doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.F-M2020822
45-20 Daniel Bernal, Xabier Chamorro, Iñaki Hurtado, Iñaki Madariaga, Effect of boron content and cooling rate on the microstructure and boride formation of β-solidifying γ-TiAl TNM alloy, Metals, 10.5; 698, 2020. doi.org/10.3390/met10050698
33-20 Eric Riedel, Martin Liepe Stefan Scharf, Simulation of ultrasonic induced cavitation and acoustic streaming in liquid and solidifying aluminum, Metals, 10.4; 476, 2020. doi.org/10.3390/met10040476
20-20 Wu Yue, Li Zhuo and Lu Rong, Simulation and visual tester verification of solid propellant slurry vacuum plate casting, Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2020. doi.org/10.1002/prep.201900411
17-20 C.A. Jones, M.R. Jolly, A.E.W. Jarfors and M. Irwin, An experimental characterization of thermophysical properties of a porous ceramic shell used in the investment casting process, Supplimental Proceedings, pp. 1095-1105, TMS 2020 149th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, San Diego, CA, February 23-27, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36296-6_102
12-20 Franz Josef Feikus, Paul Bernsteiner, Ricardo Fernández Gutiérrez and Michal Luszczak , Further development of electric motor housings, MTZ Worldwide, 81, pp. 38-43, 2020. doi.org/10.1007/s38313-019-0176-z
09-20 Mingfan Qi, Yonglin Kang, Yuzhao Xu, Zhumabieke Wulabieke and Jingyuan Li, A novel rheological high pressure die-casting process for preparing large thin-walled Al–Si–Fe–Mg–Sr alloy with high heat conductivity, high plasticity and medium strength, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 776, art. no. 139040, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.139040
07-20 Stefan Heugenhauser, Erhard Kaschnitz and Peter Schumacher, Development of an aluminum compound casting process – Experiments and numerical simulations, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 279, art. no. 116578, 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.116578
05-20 Michail Papanikolaou, Emanuele Pagone, Mark Jolly and Konstantinos Salonitis, Numerical simulation and evaluation of Campbell running and gating systems, Metals, 10.1, art. no. 68, 2020. doi.org/10.3390/met10010068
102-19 Ferencz Peti and Gabriela Strnad, The effect of squeeze pin dimension and operational parameters on material homogeneity of aluminium high pressure die cast parts, Acta Marisiensis. Seria Technologica, 16.2, 2019. doi.org/0.2478/amset-2019-0010
94-19 E. Riedel, I. Horn, N. Stein, H. Stein, R. Bahr, and S. Scharf, Ultrasonic treatment: a clean technology that supports sustainability incasting processes, Procedia, 26th CIRP Life Cycle Engineering (LCE) Conference, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, May 7-9, 2019.
93-19 Adrian V. Catalina, Liping Xue, Charles A. Monroe, Robin D. Foley, and John A. Griffin, Modeling and Simulation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlSi- and AlCu-based Alloys, Transactions, 123rd Metalcasting Congress, Atlanta, GA, USA, April 27-30, 2019.
84-19 Arun Prabhakar, Michail Papanikolaou, Konstantinos Salonitis, and Mark Jolly, Sand casting of sheet lead: numerical simulation of metal flow and solidification, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, pp. 1-13, 2019. doi:10.1007/s00170-019-04522-3
72-19 Santosh Reddy Sama, Eric Macdonald, Robert Voigt, and Guha Manogharan, Measurement of metal velocity in sand casting during mold filling, Metals, 9:1079, 2019. doi:10.3390/met9101079
71-19 Sebastian Findeisen, Robin Van Der Auwera, Michael Heuser, and Franz-Josef Wöstmann, Gießtechnische Fertigung von E-Motorengehäusen mit interner Kühling (Casting production of electric motor housings with internal cooling), Geisserei, 106, pp. 72-78, 2019 (in German).
58-19 Von Malte Leonhard, Matthias Todte, and Jörg Schäffer, Realistic simulation of the combustion of exothermic feeders, Casting, No. 2, pp. 28-32, 2019. In English and German.
52-19 S. Lakkum and P. Kowitwarangkul, Numerical investigations on the effect of gas flow rate in the gas stirred ladle with dual plugs, International Conference on Materials Research and Innovation (ICMARI), Bangkok, Thailand, December 17-21, 2018. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 526, 2019. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/526/1/012028
47-19 Bing Zhou, Shuai Lu, Kaile Xu, Chun Xu, and Zhanyong Wang, Microstructure and simulation of semisolid aluminum alloy castings in the process of stirring integrated transfer-heat (SIT) with water cooling, International Journal of Metalcasting, Online edition, pp. 1-13, 2019. doi: 10.1007/s40962-019-00357-6
31-19 Zihao Yuan, Zhipeng Guo, and S.M. Xiong, Skin layer of A380 aluminium alloy die castings and its blistering during solution treatment, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, Vol. 35, No. 9, pp. 1906-1916, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2019.05.011
25-19 Stefano Mascetti, Raul Pirovano, and Giulio Timelli, Interazione metallo liquido/stampo: Il fenomeno della metallizzazione, La Metallurgia Italiana, No. 4, pp. 44-50, 2019. In Italian.
20-19 Fu-Yuan Hsu, Campbellology for runner system design, Shape Casting: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, pp. 187-199, 2019. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-06034-3_19
19-19 Chengcheng Lyu, Michail Papanikolaou, and Mark Jolly, Numerical process modelling and simulation of Campbell running systems designs, Shape Casting: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, pp. 53-64, 2019. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-06034-3_5
18-19 Adrian V. Catalina, Liping Xue, and Charles Monroe, A solidification model with application to AlSi-based alloys, Shape Casting: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, pp. 201-213, 2019. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-06034-3_20
17-19 Fu-Yuan Hsu and Yu-Hung Chen, The validation of feeder modeling for ductile iron castings, Shape Casting: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, pp. 227-238, 2019. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-06034-3_22
04-19 Santosh Reddy Sama, Tony Badamo, Paul Lynch and Guha Manogharan, Novel sprue designs in metal casting via 3D sand-printing, Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 25, pp. 563-578, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.addma.2018.12.009
02-19 Jingying Sun, Qichi Le, Li Fu, Jing Bai, Johannes Tretter, Klaus Herbold and Hongwei Huo, Gas entrainment behavior of aluminum alloy engine crankcases during the low-pressure-die-casting-process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 266, pp. 274-282, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.11.016
82-18 Xu Zhao, Ping Wang, Tao Li, Bo-yu Zhang, Peng Wang, Guan-zhou Wang and Shi-qi Lu, Gating system optimization of high pressure die casting thin-wall AlSi10MnMg longitudinal loadbearing beam based on numerical simulation, China Foundry, Vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 436-442, 2018. doi: 10.1007/s41230-018-8052-z
80-18 Michail Papanikolaou, Emanuele Pagone, Konstantinos Salonitis, Mark Jolly and Charalampos Makatsoris, A computational framework towards energy efficient casting processes, Sustainable Design and Manufacturing 2018: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing (KES-SDM-18), Gold Coast, Australia, June 24-26 2018, SIST 130, pp. 263-276, 2019. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-04290-5_27
64-18 Vasilios Fourlakidis, Ilia Belov and Attila Diószegi, Strength prediction for pearlitic lamellar graphite iron: Model validation, Metals, Vol. 8, No. 9, 2018. doi: 10.3390/met8090684
51-18 Xue-feng Zhu, Bao-yi Yu, Li Zheng, Bo-ning Yu, Qiang Li, Shu-ning Lü and Hao Zhang, Influence of pouring methods on filling process, microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 Mg alloy pipe by horizontal centrifugal casting, China Foundry, vol. 15, no. 3, pp.196-202, 2018. doi: 10.1007/s41230-018-7256-6
47-18 Santosh Reddy Sama, Jiayi Wang and Guha Manogharan, Non-conventional mold design for metal casting using 3D sand-printing, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 34-B, pp. 765-775, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.03.049
42-18 M. Koru and O. Serçe, The Effects of Thermal and Dynamical Parameters and Vacuum Application on Porosity in High-Pressure Die Casting of A383 Al-Alloy, International Journal of Metalcasting, pp. 1-17, 2018. /doi: 10.1007/s40962-018-0214-7
41-18 Abhilash Viswanath, S. Savithri, U.T.S. Pillai, Similitude analysis on flow characteristics of water, A356 and AM50 alloys during LPC process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 257, pp. 270-277, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.02.031
29-18 Seyboldt, Christoph and Liewald, Mathias, Investigation on thixojoining to produce hybrid components with intermetallic phase, AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1960, no. 1, 2018. doi: 10.1063/1.5034992
28-18 Laura Schomer, Mathias Liewald and Kim Rouven Riedmüller, Simulation of the infiltration process of a ceramic open-pore body with a metal alloy in semi-solid state to design the manufacturing of interpenetrating phase composites, AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1960, no. 1, 2018. doi: 10.1063/1.5034991
41-17 Y. N. Wu et al., Numerical Simulation on Filling Optimization of Copper Rotor for High Efficient Electric Motors in Die Casting Process, Materials Science Forum, Vol. 898, pp. 1163-1170, 2017.
12-17 A.M. Zarubin and O.A. Zarubina, Controlling the flow rate of melt in gravity die casting of aluminum alloys, Liteynoe Proizvodstvo (Casting Manufacturing), pp 16-20, 6, 2017. In Russian.
10-17 A.Y. Korotchenko, Y.V. Golenkov, M.V. Tverskoy and D.E. Khilkov, Simulation of the Flow of Metal Mixtures in the Mold, Liteynoe Proizvodstvo (Casting Manufacturing), pp 18-22, 5, 2017. In Russian.
08-17 Morteza Morakabian Esfahani, Esmaeil Hajjari, Ali Farzadi and Seyed Reza Alavi Zaree, Prediction of the contact time through modeling of heat transfer and fluid flow in compound casting process of Al/Mg light metals, Journal of Materials Research, © Materials Research Society 2017
04-17 Huihui Liu, Xiongwei He and Peng Guo, Numerical simulation on semi-solid die-casting of magnesium matrix composite based on orthogonal experiment, AIP Conference Proceedings 1829, 020037 (2017); doi: 10.1063/1.4979769.
100-16 Robert Watson, New numerical techniques to quantify and predict the effect of entrainment defects, applied to high pressure die casting, PhD Thesis: University of Birmingham, 2016.
88-16 M.C. Carter, T. Kauffung, L. Weyenberg and C. Peters, Low Pressure Die Casting Simulation Discovery through Short Shot, Cast Expo & Metal Casting Congress, April 16-19, 2016, Minneapolis, MN, Copyright 2016 American Foundry Society.
61-16 M. Koru and O. Serçe, Experimental and numerical determination of casting mold interfacial heat transfer coefficient in the high pressure die casting of a 360 aluminum alloy, ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A, Vol. 129 (2016)
59-16 R. Pirovano and S. Mascetti, Tracking of collapsed bubbles during a filling simulation, La Metallurgia Italiana – n. 6 2016
43-16 Kevin Lee, Understanding shell cracking during de-wax process in investment casting, Ph.D Thesis: University of Birmingham, School of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2016.
35-16 Konstantinos Salonitis, Mark Jolly, Binxu Zeng, and Hamid Mehrabi, Improvements in energy consumption and environmental impact by novel single shot melting process for casting, Journal of Cleaner Production, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.165, Open Access funded by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, June 29, 2016
20-16 Fu-Yuan Hsu, Bifilm Defect Formation in Hydraulic Jump of Liquid Aluminum, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2016, Band: 47, Heft 3, 1634-1648.
15-16 Mingfan Qia, Yonglin Kanga, Bing Zhoua, Wanneng Liaoa, Guoming Zhua, Yangde Lib,and Weirong Li, A forced convection stirring process for Rheo-HPDC aluminum and magnesium alloys, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 234 (2016) 353–367
112-15 José Miguel Gonçalves Ledo Belo da Costa, Optimization of filling systems for low pressure by FLOW-3D, Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Mecânica, http://hdl.handle.net/1822/40132, 2015
89-15 B.W. Zhu, L.X. Li, X. Liu, L.Q. Zhang and R. Xu, Effect of Viscosity Measurement Method to Simulate High Pressure Die Casting of Thin-Wall AlSi10MnMg Alloy Castings, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Published online, November 2015, DOI: 10.1007/s11665-015-1783-8, © ASM International.
88-15 Peng Zhang, Zhenming Li, Baoliang Liu, Wenjiang Ding and Liming Peng, Improved tensile properties of a new aluminum alloy for high pressure die casting, Materials Science & Engineering A651(2016)376–390, Available online, November 2015.
83-15 Zu-Qi Hu, Xin-Jian Zhang and Shu-Sen Wu, Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Die-Filling Behavior of High-Performance Die-Cast Al–Mg–Si–Mn Alloy, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.), DOI 10.1007/s40195-015-0332-7, © The Chinese Society for Metals and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015.
82-15 J. Müller, L. Xue, M.C. Carter, C. Thoma, M. Fehlbier and M. Todte, A Die Spray Cooling Model for Thermal Die Cycling Simulations, 2015 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, Indianapolis, IN, October 2015
81-15 M. T. Murray, L.F. Hansen, L. Chilcott, E. Li and A.M. Murray, Case Studies in the Use of Simulation- Improved Yield and Reduced Time to Market, 2015 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, Indianapolis, IN, October 2015
80-15 R. Bhola, S. Chandra and D. Souders, Predicting Castability of Thin-Walled Parts for the HPDC Process Using Simulations, 2015 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, Indianapolis, IN, October 2015
76-15 Prosenjit Das, Sudip K. Samanta, Shashank Tiwari and Pradip Dutta, Die Filling Behaviour of Semi Solid A356 Al Alloy Slurry During Rheo Pressure Die Casting, Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, pp 1-6, October 2015
74-15 Murat KORU and Orhan SERÇE, Yüksek Basınçlı Döküm Prosesinde Enjeksiyon Parametrelerine Bağlı Olarak Döküm Simülasyon, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Science, Science Journal (CSJ), Vol. 36, No: 5 (2015) ISSN: 1300-1949, May 2015
69-15 A. Viswanath, S. Sivaraman, U. T. S. Pillai, Computer Simulation of Low Pressure Casting Process Using FLOW-3D, Materials Science Forum, Vols. 830-831, pp. 45-48, September 2015
68-15 J. Aneesh Kumar, K. Krishnakumar and S. Savithri, Computer Simulation of Centrifugal Casting Process Using FLOW-3D, Materials Science Forum, Vols. 830-831, pp. 53-56, September 2015
59-15 F. Hosseini Yekta and S. A. Sadough Vanini, Simulation of the flow of semi-solid steel alloy using an enhanced model, Metals and Materials International, August 2015.
44-15 Ulrich E. Klotz, Tiziana Heiss and Dario Tiberto, Platinum investment casting material properties, casting simulation and optimum process parameters, Jewelry Technology Forum 2015
41-15 M. Barkhudarov and R. Pirovano, Minimizing Air Entrainment in High Pressure Die Casting Shot Sleeves, GIFA 2015, Düsseldorf, Germany
40-15 M. Todte, A. Fent, and H. Lang, Simulation in support of the development of innovative processes in the casting industry, GIFA 2015, Düsseldorf, Germany
19-15 Bruce Morey, Virtual casting improves powertrain design, Automotive Engineering, SAE International, March 2015.
15-15 K.S. Oh, J.D. Lee, S.J. Kim and J.Y. Choi, Development of a large ingot continuous caster, Metall. Res. Technol. 112, 203 (2015) © EDP Sciences, 2015, DOI: 10.1051/metal/2015006, www.metallurgical-research.org
14-15 Tiziana Heiss, Ulrich E. Klotz and Dario Tiberto, Platinum Investment Casting, Part I: Simulation and Experimental Study of the Casting Process, Johnson Matthey Technol. Rev., 2015, 59, (2), 95, doi:10.1595/205651315×687399
138-14 Christopher Thoma, Wolfram Volk, Ruben Heid, Klaus Dilger, Gregor Banner and Harald Eibisch, Simulation-based prediction of the fracture elongation as a failure criterion for thin-walled high-pressure die casting components, International Journal of Metalcasting, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 47-54, 2014. doi:10.1007/BF03355594
107-14 Mehran Seyed Ahmadi, Dissolution of Si in Molten Al with Gas Injection, ProQuest Dissertations And Theses; Thesis (Ph.D.), University of Toronto (Canada), 2014; Publication Number: AAT 3637106; ISBN: 9781321195231; Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-02(E), Section: B.; 191 p.
99-14 R. Bhola and S. Chandra, Predicting Castability for Thin-Walled HPDC Parts, Foundry Management Technology, December 2014
92-14 Warren Bishenden and Changhua Huang, Venting design and process optimization of die casting process for structural components; Part II: Venting design and process optimization, Die Casting Engineer, November 2014
90-14 Ken’ichi Kanazawa, Ken’ichi Yano, Jun’ichi Ogura, and Yasunori Nemoto, Optimum Runner Design for Die-Casting using CFD Simulations and Verification with Water-Model Experiments, Proceedings of the ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE2014, November 14-20, 2014, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, IMECE2014-37419
89-14 P. Kapranos, C. Carney, A. Pola, and M. Jolly, Advanced Casting Methodologies: Investment Casting, Centrifugal Casting, Squeeze Casting, Metal Spinning, and Batch Casting, In Comprehensive Materials Processing; McGeough, J., Ed.; 2014, Elsevier Ltd., 2014; Vol. 5, pp 39–67.
77-14 Andrei Y. Korotchenko, Development of Scientific and Technological Approaches to Casting Net-Shaped Castings in Sand Molds Free of Shrinkage Defects and Hot Tears, Post-doctoral thesis: Russian State Technological University, 2014. In Russian.
69-14 L. Xue, M.C. Carter, A.V. Catalina, Z. Lin, C. Li, and C. Qiu, Predicting, Preventing Core Gas Defects in Steel Castings, Modern Casting, September 2014
68-14 L. Xue, M.C. Carter, A.V. Catalina, Z. Lin, C. Li, and C. Qiu, Numerical Simulation of Core Gas Defects in Steel Castings, Copyright 2014 American Foundry Society, 118th Metalcasting Congress, April 8 – 11, 2014, Schaumburg, IL
51-14 Jesus M. Blanco, Primitivo Carranza, Rafael Pintos, Pedro Arriaga, and Lakhdar Remaki, Identification of Defects Originated during the Filling of Cast Pieces through Particles Modelling, 11th World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM XI), 5th European Conference on Computational Mechanics (ECCM V), 6th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ECFD VI), E. Oñate, J. Oliver and A. Huerta (Eds)
47-14 B. Vijaya Ramnatha, C.Elanchezhiana, Vishal Chandrasekhar, A. Arun Kumarb, S. Mohamed Asif, G. Riyaz Mohamed, D. Vinodh Raj , C .Suresh Kumar, Analysis and Optimization of Gating System for Commutator End Bracket, Procedia Materials Science 6 ( 2014 ) 1312 – 1328, 3rd International Conference on Materials Processing and Characterisation (ICMPC 2014)
42-14 Bing Zhou, Yong-lin Kang, Guo-ming Zhu, Jun-zhen Gao, Ming-fan Qi, and Huan-huan Zhang, Forced convection rheoforming process for preparation of 7075 aluminum alloy semisolid slurry and its numerical simulation, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 24(2014) 1109−1116
37-14 A. Karwinski, W. Lesniewski, P. Wieliczko, and M. Malysza, Casting of Titanium Alloys in Centrifugal Induction Furnaces, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, Volume 59, Issue 1, DOI: 10.2478/amm-2014-0068, 2014.
26-14 Bing Zhou, Yonglin Kang, Mingfan Qi, Huanhuan Zhang and Guoming Zhu, R-HPDC Process with Forced Convection Mixing Device for Automotive Part of A380 Aluminum Alloy, Materials 2014, 7, 3084-3105; doi:10.3390/ma7043084
20-14 Johannes Hartmann, Tobias Fiegl, Carolin Körner, Aluminum integral foams with tailored density profile by adapted blowing agents, Applied Physics A, 10.1007/s00339-014-8377-4, March 2014.
19-14 A.Y. Korotchenko, N.A. Nikiforova, E.D. Demjanov, N.C. Larichev, The Influence of the Filling Conditions on the Service Properties of the Part Side Frame, Russian Foundryman, 1 (January), pp 40-43, 2014. In Russian.
11-14 B. Fuchs and C. Körner, Mesh resolution consideration for the viability prediction of lost salt cores in the high pressure die casting process, Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2014, Copyright © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
08-14 FY Hsu, SW Wang, and HJ Lin, The External and Internal Shrinkages in Aluminum Gravity Castings, Shape Casting: 5th International Symposium 2014. Available online at Google Books
103-13 B. Fuchs, H. Eibisch and C. Körner, Core Viability Simulation for Salt Core Technology in High-Pressure Die Casting, International Journal of Metalcasting, July 2013, Volume 7, Issue 3, pp 39–45
94-13 Randall S. Fielding, J. Crapps, C. Unal, and J.R.Kennedy, Metallic Fuel Casting Development and Parameter Optimization Simulations, International Conference on Fast reators and Related Fuel Cycles (FR13), 4-7 March 2013, Paris France
90-13 A. Karwińskia, M. Małyszaa, A. Tchórza, A. Gila, B. Lipowska, Integration of Computer Tomography and Simulation Analysis in Evaluation of Quality of Ceramic-Carbon Bonded Foam Filter, Archives of Foundry Engineering, DOI: 10.2478/afe-2013-0084, Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ISSN, (2299-2944), Volume 13, Issue 4/2013
88-13 Litie and Metallurgia (Casting and Metallurgy), 3 (72), 2013, N.V.Sletova, I.N.Volnov, S.P.Zadrutsky, V.A.Chaikin, Modeling of the Process of Removing Non-metallic Inclusions in Aluminum Alloys Using the FLOW-3D program, pp 138-140. In Russian.
85-13 Michał Szucki,Tomasz Goraj, Janusz Lelito, Józef S. Suchy, Numerical Analysis of Solid Particles Flow in Liquid Metal, XXXVII International Scientific Conference Foundryman’ Day 2013, Krakow, 28-29 November 2013
84-13 Körner, C., Schwankl, M., Himmler, D., Aluminum-Aluminum compound castings by electroless deposited zinc layers, Journal of Materials Processing Technology (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.12.01483-13.
77-13 Antonio Armillotta & Raffaello Baraggi & Simone Fasoli, SLM tooling for die casting with conformal cooling channels, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, DOI 10.1007/s00170-013-5523-7, December 2013.
64-13 Johannes Hartmann, Christina Blümel, Stefan Ernst, Tobias Fiegl, Karl-Ernst Wirth, Carolin Körner, Aluminum integral foam castings with microcellular cores by nano-functionalization, J Mater Sci, DOI: 10.1007/s10853-013-7668-z, September 2013.
46-13 Nicholas P. Orenstein, 3D Flow and Temperature Analysis of Filling a Plutonium Mold, LA-UR-13-25537, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Los Alamos Annual Student Symposium 2013, 2013-07-24 (Rev.1)
42-13 Yang Yue, William D. Griffiths, and Nick R. Green, Modelling of the Effects of Entrainment Defects on Mechanical Properties in a Cast Al-Si-Mg Alloy, Materials Science Forum, 765, 225, 2013.
39-13 J. Crapps, D.S. DeCroix, J.D Galloway, D.A. Korzekwa, R. Aikin, R. Fielding, R. Kennedy, C. Unal, Separate effects identification via casting process modeling for experimental measurement of U-Pu-Zr alloys, Journal of Nuclear Materials, 15 July 2013.
35-13 A. Pari, Real Life Problem Solving through Simulations in the Die Casting Industry – Case Studies, © Die Casting Engineer, July 2013.
34-13 Martin Lagler, Use of Simulation to Predict the Viability of Salt Cores in the HPDC Process – Shot Curve as a Decisive Criterion, © Die Casting Engineer, July 2013.
24-13 I.N.Volnov, Optimizatsia Liteynoi Tekhnologii, (Casting Technology Optimization), Liteyshik Rossii (Russian Foundryman), 3, 2013, 27-29. In Russian
23-13 M.R. Barkhudarov, I.N. Volnov, Minimizatsia Zakhvata Vozdukha v Kamere Pressovania pri Litie pod Davleniem, (Minimization of Air Entrainment in the Shot Sleeve During High Pressure Die Casting), Liteyshik Rossii (Russian Foundryman), 3, 2013, 30-34. In Russian
09-13 M.C. Carter and L. Xue, Simulating the Parameters that Affect Core Gas Defects in Metal Castings, Copyright 2012 American Foundry Society, Presented at the 2013 CastExpo, St. Louis, Missouri, April 2013
08-13 C. Reilly, N.R. Green, M.R. Jolly, J.-C. Gebelin, The Modelling Of Oxide Film Entrainment In Casting Systems Using Computational Modelling, Applied Mathematical Modelling, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2013.03.061, April 2013.
03-13 Alexandre Reikher and Krishna M. Pillai, A fast simulation of transient metal flow and solidification in a narrow channel. Part II. Model validation and parametric study, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.12.061.
02-13 Alexandre Reikher and Krishna M. Pillai, A fast simulation of transient metal flow and solidification in a narrow channel. Part I: Model development using lubrication approximation, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.12.060.
116-12 Jufu Jianga, Ying Wang, Gang Chena, Jun Liua, Yuanfa Li and Shoujing Luo, “Comparison of mechanical properties and microstructure of AZ91D alloy motorcycle wheels formed by die casting and double control forming, Materials & Design, Volume 40, September 2012, Pages 541-549.
107-12 F.K. Arslan, A.H. Hatman, S.Ö. Ertürk, E. Güner, B. Güner, An Evaluation for Fundamentals of Die Casting Materials Selection and Design, IMMC’16 International Metallurgy & Materials Congress, Istanbul, Turkey, 2012.
103-12 WU Shu-sen, ZHONG Gu, AN Ping, WAN Li, H. NAKAE, Microstructural characteristics of Al−20Si−2Cu−0.4Mg−1Ni alloy formed by rheo-squeeze casting after ultrasonic vibration treatment, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 22 (2012) 2863-2870, November 2012. Full paper available online.
109-12 Alexandre Reikher, Numerical Analysis of Die-Casting Process in Thin Cavities Using Lubrication Approximation, Ph.D. Thesis: The University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Engineering Department (2012) Theses and Dissertations. Paper 65.
97-12 Hong Zhou and Li Heng Luo, Filling Pattern of Step Gating System in Lost Foam Casting Process and its Application, Advanced Materials Research, Volumes 602-604, Progress in Materials and Processes, 1916-1921, December 2012.
93-12 Liangchi Zhang, Chunliang Zhang, Jeng-Haur Horng and Zichen Chen, Functions of Step Gating System in the Lost Foam Casting Process, Advanced Materials Research, 591-593, 940, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.591-593.940, November 2012.
91-12 Hong Yan, Jian Bin Zhu, Ping Shan, Numerical Simulation on Rheo-Diecasting of Magnesium Matrix Composites, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.192-193.287, Solid State Phenomena, 192-193, 287.
89-12 Alexandre Reikher and Krishna M. Pillai, A Fast Numerical Simulation for Modeling Simultaneous Metal Flow and Solidification in Thin Cavities Using the Lubrication Approximation, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications: An International Journal of Computation and Methodology, 63:2, 75-100, November 2012.
82-12 Jufu Jiang, Gang Chen, Ying Wang, Zhiming Du, Weiwei Shan, and Yuanfa Li, Microstructure and mechanical properties of thin-wall and high-rib parts of AM60B Mg alloy formed by double control forming and die casting under the optimal conditions, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.10.086, October 2012.
78-12 A. Pari, Real Life Problem Solving through Simulations in the Die Casting Industry – Case Studies, 2012 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, © NADCA, October 8-10, 2012, Indianapolis, IN.
77-12 Y. Wang, K. Kabiri-Bamoradian and R.A. Miller, Rheological behavior models of metal matrix alloys in semi-solid casting process, 2012 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, © NADCA, October 8-10, 2012, Indianapolis, IN.
76-12 A. Reikher and H. Gerber, Analysis of Solidification Parameters During the Die Cast Process, 2012 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, © NADCA, October 8-10, 2012, Indianapolis, IN.
75-12 R.A. Miller, Y. Wang and K. Kabiri-Bamoradian, Estimating Cavity Fill Time, 2012 Die Casting Congress & Exposition, © NADCA, October 8-10, 2012, Indianapolis, IN.
65-12 X.H. Yang, T.J. Lu, T. Kim, Influence of non-conducting pore inclusions on phase change behavior of porous media with constant heat flux boundary, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Available online 10 October 2012. Available online at SciVerse.
55-12 Hejun Li, Pengyun Wang, Lehua Qi, Hansong Zuo, Songyi Zhong, Xianghui Hou, 3D numerical simulation of successive deposition of uniform molten Al droplets on a moving substrate and experimental validation, Computational Materials Science, Volume 65, December 2012, Pages 291–301.
52-12 Hongbing Ji, Yixin Chen and Shengzhou Chen, Numerical Simulation of Inner-Outer Couple Cooling Slab Continuous Casting in the Filling Process, Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 557-559), Advanced Materials and Processes II, pp. 2257-2260, July 2012.
47-12 Petri Väyrynen, Lauri Holappa, and Seppo Louhenkilpi, Simulation of Melting of Alloying Materials in Steel Ladle, SCANMET IV – 4th International Conference on Process Development in Iron and Steelmaking, Lulea, Sweden, June 10-13, 2012.
46-12 Bin Zhang and Dave Salee, Metal Flow and Heat Transfer in Billet DC Casting Using Wagstaff® Optifill™ Metal Distribution Systems, 5th International Metal Quality Workshop, United Arab Emirates Dubai, March 18-22, 2012.
45-12 D.R. Gunasegaram, M. Givord, R.G. O’Donnell and B.R. Finnin, Improvements engineered in UTS and elongation of aluminum alloy high pressure die castings through the alteration of runner geometry and plunger velocity, Materials Science & Engineering.
44-12 Antoni Drys and Stefano Mascetti, Aluminum Casting Simulations, Desktop Engineering, September 2012
42-12 Huizhen Duan, Jiangnan Shen and Yanping Li, Comparative analysis of HPDC process of an auto part with ProCAST and FLOW-3D, Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 184-185 (2012) pp 90-94, Online available since 2012/Jun/14 at www.scientific.net, © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland, doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.184-185.90.
41-12 Deniece R. Korzekwa, Cameron M. Knapp, David A. Korzekwa, and John W. Gibbs, Co-Design – Fabrication of Unalloyed Plutonium, LA-UR-12-23441, MDI Summer Research Group Workshop Advanced Manufacturing, 2012-07-25/2012-07-26 (Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States)
29-12 Dario Tiberto and Ulrich E. Klotz, Computer simulation applied to jewellery casting: challenges, results and future possibilities, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.33 012008. Full paper available at IOP.
28-12 Y Yue and N R Green, Modelling of different entrainment mechanisms and their influences on the mechanical reliability of Al-Si castings, 2012 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 33,012072.Full paper available at IOP.
27-12 E Kaschnitz, Numerical simulation of centrifugal casting of pipes, 2012 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 33 012031, Issue 1. Full paper available at IOP.
15-12 C. Reilly, N.R Green, M.R. Jolly, The Present State Of Modeling Entrainment Defects In The Shape Casting Process, Applied Mathematical Modelling, Available online 27 April 2012, ISSN 0307-904X, 10.1016/j.apm.2012.04.032.
12-12 Andrei Starobin, Tony Hirt, Hubert Lang, and Matthias Todte, Core drying simulation and validation, International Foundry Research, GIESSEREIFORSCHUNG 64 (2012) No. 1, ISSN 0046-5933, pp 2-5
10-12 H. Vladimir Martínez and Marco F. Valencia (2012). Semisolid Processing of Al/β-SiC Composites by Mechanical Stirring Casting and High Pressure Die Casting, Recent Researches in Metallurgical Engineering – From Extraction to Forming, Dr Mohammad Nusheh (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0356-1, InTech
07-12 Amir H. G. Isfahani and James M. Brethour, Simulating Thermal Stresses and Cooling Deformations, Die Casting Engineer, March 2012
06-12 Shuisheng Xie, Youfeng He and Xujun Mi, Study on Semi-solid Magnesium Alloys Slurry Preparation and Continuous Roll-casting Process, Magnesium Alloys – Design, Processing and Properties, ISBN: 978-953-307-520-4, InTech.
04-12 J. Spangenberg, N. Roussel, J.H. Hattel, H. Stang, J. Skocek, M.R. Geiker, Flow induced particle migration in fresh concrete: Theoretical frame, numerical simulations and experimental results on model fluids, Cement and Concrete Research, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.01.007, February 2012.
01-12 Lee, B., Baek, U., and Han, J., Optimization of Gating System Design for Die Casting of Thin Magnesium Alloy-Based Multi-Cavity LCD Housings, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Springer New York, Issn: 1059-9495, 10.1007/s11665-011-0111-1, Volume 1 / 1992 – Volume 21 / 2012. Available online at Springer Link.
104-11 Fu-Yuan Hsu and Huey Jiuan Lin, Foam Filters Used in Gravity Casting, Metall and Materi Trans B (2011) 42: 1110. doi:10.1007/s11663-011-9548-8.
99-11 Eduardo Trejo, Centrifugal Casting of an Aluminium Alloy, thesis: Doctor of Philosophy, Metallurgy and Materials School of Engineering University of Birmingham, October 2011. Full paper available upon request.
93-11 Olga Kononova, Andrejs Krasnikovs ,Videvuds Lapsa,Jurijs Kalinka and Angelina Galushchak, Internal Structure Formation in High Strength Fiber Concrete during Casting, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 59 2011
76-11 J. Hartmann, A. Trepper, and C. Körner, Aluminum Integral Foams with Near-Microcellular Structure, Advanced Engineering Materials 2011, Volume 13 (2011) No. 11, © Wiley-VCH
71-11 Fu-Yuan Hsu and Yao-Ming Yang Confluence Weld in an Aluminum Gravity Casting, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Available online 23 November 2011, ISSN 0924-0136, 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.11.006.
65-11 V.A. Chaikin, A.V. Chaikin, I.N.Volnov, A Study of the Process of Late Modification Using Simulation, in Zagotovitelnye Proizvodstva v Mashinostroenii, 10, 2011, 8-12. In Russian.
54-11 Ngadia Taha Niane and Jean-Pierre Michalet, Validation of Foundry Process for Aluminum Parts with FLOW-3D Software, Proceedings of the 2011 International Symposium on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting, 2011.
51-11 A. Reikher and H. Gerber, Calculation of the Die Cast parameters of the Thin Wall Aluminum Cast Part, 2011 Die Casting Congress & Tabletop, Columbus, OH, September 19-21, 2011
50-11 Y. Wang, K. Kabiri-Bamoradian, and R.A. Miller, Runner design optimization based on CFD simulation for a die with multiple cavities, 2011 Die Casting Congress & Tabletop, Columbus, OH, September 19-21, 2011
48-11 A. Karwiński, W. Leśniewski, S. Pysz, P. Wieliczko, The technology of precision casting of titanium alloys by centrifugal process, Archives of Foundry Engineering, ISSN: 1897-3310), Volume 11, Issue 3/2011, 73-80, 2011.
46-11 Daniel Einsiedler, Entwicklung einer Simulationsmethodik zur Simulation von Strömungs- und Trocknungsvorgängen bei Kernfertigungsprozessen mittels CFD (Development of a simulation methodology for simulating flow and drying operations in core production processes using CFD), MSc thesis at Technical University of Aalen in Germany (Hochschule Aalen), 2011.
44-11 Bin Zhang and Craig Shaber, Aluminum Ingot Thermal Stress Development Modeling of the Wagstaff® EpsilonTM Rolling Ingot DC Casting System during the Start-up Phase, Materials Science Forum Vol. 693 (2011) pp 196-207, © 2011 Trans Tech Publications, July, 2011.
43-11 Vu Nguyen, Patrick Rohan, John Grandfield, Alex Levin, Kevin Naidoo, Kurt Oswald, Guillaume Girard, Ben Harker, and Joe Rea, Implementation of CASTfill low-dross pouring system for ingot casting, Materials Science Forum Vol. 693 (2011) pp 227-234, © 2011 Trans Tech Publications, July, 2011.
40-11 A. Starobin, D. Goettsch, M. Walker, D. Burch, Gas Pressure in Aluminum Block Water Jacket Cores, © 2011 American Foundry Society, International Journal of Metalcasting/Summer 2011
37-11 Ferencz Peti, Lucian Grama, Analyze of the Possible Causes of Porosity Type Defects in Aluminum High Pressure Diecast Parts, Scientific Bulletin of the Petru Maior University of Targu Mures, Vol. 8 (XXV) no. 1, 2011, ISSN 1841-9267
31-11 Johannes Hartmann, André Trepper, Carolin Körner, Aluminum Integral Foams with Near-Microcellular Structure, Advanced Engineering Materials, 13: n/a. doi: 10.1002/adem.201100035, June 2011.
27-11 A. Pari, Optimization of HPDC Process using Flow Simulation Case Studies, Die Casting Engineer, July 2011
26-11 A. Reikher, H. Gerber, Calculation of the Die Cast Parameters of the Thin Wall Aluminum Die Casting Part, Die Casting Engineer, July 2011
21-11 Thang Nguyen, Vu Nguyen, Morris Murray, Gary Savage, John Carrig, Modelling Die Filling in Ultra-Thin Aluminium Castings, Materials Science Forum (Volume 690), Light Metals Technology V, pp 107-111, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.690.107, June 2011.
19-11 Jon Spangenberg, Cem Celal Tutum, Jesper Henri Hattel, Nicolas Roussel, Metter Rica Geiker, Optimization of Casting Process Parameters for Homogeneous Aggregate Distribution in Self-Compacting Concrete: A Feasibility Study, © IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2011, New Orleans, USA
16-11 A. Starobin, C.W. Hirt, H. Lang, and M. Todte, Core Drying Simulation and Validations, AFS Proceedings 2011, © American Foundry Society, Presented at the 115th Metalcasting Congress, Schaumburg, Illinois, April 2011.
15-11 J. J. Hernández-Ortega, R. Zamora, J. López, and F. Faura, Numerical Analysis of Air Pressure Effects on the Flow Pattern during the Filling of a Vertical Die Cavity, AIP Conf. Proc., Volume 1353, pp. 1238-1243, The 14th International Esaform Conference on Material Forming: Esaform 2011; doi:10.1063/1.3589686, May 2011. Available online.
10-11 Abbas A. Khalaf and Sumanth Shankar, Favorable Environment for Nondentric Morphology in Controlled Diffusion Solidification, DOI: 10.1007/s11661-011-0641-z, © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2011, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, March 11, 2011.
08-11 Hai Peng Li, Chun Yong Liang, Li Hui Wang, Hong Shui Wang, Numerical Simulation of Casting Process for Gray Iron Butterfly Valve, Advanced Materials Research, 189-193, 260, February 2011.
04-11 C.W. Hirt, Predicting Core Shooting, Drying and Defect Development, Foundry Management & Technology, January 2011.
76-10 Zhizhong Sun, Henry Hu, Alfred Yu, Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Squeeze Casting Magnesium Alloy AM50, Magnesium Technology 2010, 2010 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition, February 14-18, 2010, Seattle, WA.
68-10 A. Reikher, H. Gerber, K.M. Pillai, T.-C. Jen, Natural Convection—An Overlooked Phenomenon of the Solidification Process, Die Casting Engineer, January 2010
54-10 Andrea Bernardoni, Andrea Borsi, Stefano Mascetti, Alessandro Incognito and Matteo Corrado, Fonderia Leonardo aveva ragione! L’enorme cavallo dedicato a Francesco Sforza era materialmente realizzabile, A&C – Analisis e Calcolo, Giugno 2010. In Italian.
48-10 J. J. Hernández-Ortega, R. Zamora, J. Palacios, J. López and F. Faura, An Experimental and Numerical Study of Flow Patterns and Air Entrapment Phenomena During the Filling of a Vertical Die Cavity, J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., October 2010, Volume 132, Issue 5, 05101, doi:10.1115/1.4002535.
47-10 A.V. Chaikin, I.N. Volnov, and V.A. Chaikin, Development of Dispersible Mixed Inoculant Compositions Using the FLOW-3D Program, Liteinoe Proizvodstvo, October, 2010, in Russian.
42-10 H. Lakshmi, M.C. Vinay Kumar, Raghunath, P. Kumar, V. Ramanarayanan, K.S.S. Murthy, P. Dutta, Induction reheating of A356.2 aluminum alloy and thixocasting as automobile component, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 20(20101) s961-s967.
41-10 Pamela J. Waterman, Understanding Core-Gas Defects, Desktop Engineering, October 2010. Available online at Desktop Engineering. Also published in the Foundry Trade Journal, November 2010.
39-10 Liu Zheng, Jia Yingying, Mao Pingli, Li Yang, Wang Feng, Wang Hong, Zhou Le, Visualization of Die Casting Magnesium Alloy Steering Bracket, Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys, ISSN: 1001-2249, CN: 42-1148/TG, 2010-04. In Chinese.
37-10 Morris Murray, Lars Feldager Hansen, and Carl Reinhardt, I Have Defects – Now What, Die Casting Engineer, September 2010
36-10 Stefano Mascetti, Using Flow Analysis Software to Optimize Piston Velocity for an HPDC Process, Die Casting Engineer, September 2010. Also available in Italian: Ottimizzare la velocita del pistone in pressofusione. A & C, Analisi e Calcolo, Anno XII, n. 42, Gennaio 2011, ISSN 1128-3874.
32-10 Guan Hai Yan, Sheng Dun Zhao, Zheng Hui Sha, Parameters Optimization of Semisolid Diecasting Process for Air-Conditioner’s Triple Valve in HPb59-1 Alloy, Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 129 – 131), Vol. Material and Manufacturing Technology, pp. 936-941, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.129-131.936, August 2010.
29-10 Zheng Peng, Xu Jun, Zhang Zhifeng, Bai Yuelong, and Shi Likai, Numerical Simulation of Filling of Rheo-diecasting A357 Aluminum Alloy, Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys, DOI: CNKI:SUN:TZZZ.0.2010-01-024, 2010.
27-10 For an Aerospace Diecasting, Littler Uses Simulation to Reveal Defects, and Win a New Order, Foundry Management & Technology, July 2010
23-10 Michael R. Barkhudarov, Minimizing Air Entrainment, The Canadian Die Caster, June 2010
15-10 David H. Kirkwood, Michel Suery, Plato Kapranos, Helen V. Atkinson, and Kenneth P. Young, Semi-solid Processing of Alloys, 2010, XII, 172 p. 103 illus., 19 in color., Hardcover ISBN: 978-3-642-00705-7.
09-10 Shannon Wetzel, Fullfilling Da Vinci’s Dream, Modern Casting, April 2010.
08-10 B.I. Semenov, K.M. Kushtarov, Semi-solid Manufacturing of Castings, New Industrial Technologies, Publication of Moscow State Technical University n.a. N.E. Bauman, 2009 (in Russian)
07-10 Carl Reilly, Development Of Quantitative Casting Quality Assessment Criteria Using Process Modelling, thesis: The University of Birmingham, March 2010 (Available upon request)
06-10 A. Pari, Optimization of HPDC Process using Flow Simulation – Case Studies, CastExpo ’10, NADCA, Orlando, Florida, March 2010
05-10 M.C. Carter, S. Palit, and M. Littler, Characterizing Flow Losses Occurring in Air Vents and Ejector Pins in High Pressure Die Castings, CastExpo ’10, NADCA, Orlando, Florida, March 2010
04-10 Pamela Waterman, Simulating Porosity Factors, Foundry Management Technology, March 2010, Article available at Foundry Management Technology
03-10 C. Reilly, M.R. Jolly, N.R. Green, JC Gebelin, Assessment of Casting Filling by Modeling Surface Entrainment Events Using CFD, 2010 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition (Jim Evans Honorary Symposium), Seattle, Washington, USA, February 14-18, 2010
02-10 P. Väyrynen, S. Wang, J. Laine and S.Louhenkilpi, Control of Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer and Inclusions in Continuous Casting – CFD and Neural Network Studies, 2010 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition (Jim Evans Honorary Symposium), Seattle, Washington, USA, February 14-18, 2010
60-09 Somlak Wannarumon, and Marco Actis Grande, Comparisons of Computer Fluid Dynamic Software Programs applied to Jewelry Investment Casting Process, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 55 2009.
59-09 Marco Actis Grande and Somlak Wannarumon, Numerical Simulation of Investment Casting of Gold Jewelry: Experiments and Validations, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol:3 2009-07-24
56-09 Jozef Kasala, Ondrej Híreš, Rudolf Pernis, Start-up Phase Modeling of Semi Continuous Casting Process of Brass Billets, Metal 2009, 19.-21.5.2009
51-09 In-Ting Hong, Huan-Chien Tung, Chun-Hao Chiu and Hung-Shang Huang, Effect of Casting Parameters on Microstructure and Casting Quality of Si-Al Alloy for Vacuum Sputtering, China Steel Technical Report, No. 22, pp. 33-40, 2009.
42-09 P. Väyrynen, S. Wang, S. Louhenkilpi and L. Holappa, Modeling and Removal of Inclusions in Continuous Casting, Materials Science & Technology 2009 Conference & Exhibition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, October 25-29, 2009
41-09 O.Smirnov, P.Väyrynen, A.Kravchenko and S.Louhenkilpi, Modern Methods of Modeling Fluid Flow and Inclusions Motion in Tundish Bath – General View, Proceedings of Steelsim 2009 – 3rd International Conference on Simulation and Modelling of Metallurgical Processes in Steelmaking, Leoben, Austria, September 8-10, 2009
21-09 A. Pari, Case Studies – Optimization of HPDC Process Using Flow Simulation, Die Casting Engineer, July 2009
20-09 M. Sirvio, M. Wos, Casting directly from a computer model by using advanced simulation software, FLOW-3D Cast, Archives of Foundry Engineering Volume 9, Issue 1/2009, 79-82
19-09 Andrei Starobin, C.W. Hirt, D. Goettsch, A Model for Binder Gas Generation and Transport in Sand Cores and Molds, Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Solidification Processes XII, TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Minerals Society), June 2009
11-09 Michael Barkhudarov, Minimizing Air Entrainment in a Shot Sleeve during Slow-Shot Stage, Die Casting Engineer (The North American Die Casting Association ISSN 0012-253X), May 2009
10-09 A. Reikher, H. Gerber, Application of One-Dimensional Numerical Simulation to Optimize Process Parameters of a Thin-Wall Casting in High Pressure Die Casting, Die Casting Engineer (The North American Die Casting Association ISSN 0012-253X), May 2009
7-09 Andrei Starobin, Simulation of Core Gas Evolution and Flow, presented at the North American Die Casting Association – 113th Metalcasting Congress, April 7-10, 2009, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
6-09 A.Pari, Optimization of HPDC PROCESS: Case Studies, North American Die Casting Association – 113th Metalcasting Congress, April 7-10, 2009, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
2-09 C. Reilly, N.R. Green and M.R. Jolly, Oxide Entrainment Structures in Horizontal Running Systems, TMS 2009, San Francisco, California, February 2009
30-08 I.N.Volnov, Computer Modeling of Casting of Pipe Fittings, © 2008, Pipe Fittings, 5 (38), 2008. Russian version
28-08 A.V.Chaikin, I.N.Volnov, V.A.Chaikin, Y.A.Ukhanov, N.R.Petrov, Analysis of the Efficiency of Alloy Modifiers Using Statistics and Modeling, © 2008, Liteyshik Rossii (Russian Foundryman), October, 2008
27-08 P. Scarber, Jr., H. Littleton, Simulating Macro-Porosity in Aluminum Lost Foam Castings, American Foundry Society, © 2008, AFS Lost Foam Conference, Asheville, North Carolina, October, 2008
25-08 FMT Staff, Forecasting Core Gas Pressures with Computer Simulation, Foundry Management and Technology, October 28, 2008 © 2008 Penton Media, Inc. Online article
24-08 Core and Mold Gas Evolution, Foundry Management and Technology, January 24, 2008 (excerpted from the FM&T May 2007 issue) © 2008 Penton Media, Inc.
22-08 Mark Littler, Simulation Eliminates Die Casting Scrap, Modern Casting/September 2008
21-08 X. Chen, D. Penumadu, Permeability Measurement and Numerical Modeling for Refractory Porous Materials, AFS Transactions © 2008 American Foundry Society, CastExpo ’08, Atlanta, Georgia, May 2008
20-08 Rolf Krack, Using Solidification Simulations for Optimising Die Cooling Systems, FTJ July/August 2008
19-08 Mark Littler, Simulation Software Eliminates Die Casting Scrap, ECS Casting Innovations, July/August 2008
13-08 T. Yoshimura, K. Yano, T. Fukui, S. Yamamoto, S. Nishido, M. Watanabe and Y. Nemoto, Optimum Design of Die Casting Plunger Tip Considering Air Entrainment, Proceedings of 10th Asian Foundry Congress (AFC10), Nagoya, Japan, May 2008
08-08 Stephen Instone, Andreas Buchholz and Gerd-Ulrich Gruen, Inclusion Transport Phenomena in Casting Furnaces, Light Metals 2008, TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), 2008
07-08 P. Scarber, Jr., H. Littleton, Simulating Macro-Porosity in Aluminum Lost Foam Casting, AFS Transactions 2008 © American Foundry Society, CastExpo ’08, Atlanta, Georgia, May 2008
06-08 A. Reikher, H. Gerber and A. Starobin, Multi-Stage Plunger Deceleration System, CastExpo ’08, NADCA, Atlanta, Georgia, May 2008
05-08 Amol Palekar, Andrei Starobin, Alexander Reikher, Die-casting end-of-fill and drop forge viscometer flow transients examined with a coupled-motion numerical model, 68th World Foundry Congress, Chennai, India, February 2008
03-08 Petri J. Väyrynen, Sami K. Vapalahti and Seppo J. Louhenkilpi, On Validation of Mathematical Fluid Flow Models for Simulation of Tundish Water Models and Industrial Examples, AISTech 2008, May 2008
53-07 A. Kermanpur, Sh. Mahmoudi and A. Hajipour, Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Metal Flow and Solidification in the Multi-cavity Casting Moulds of Automotive Components, International Journal of Iron & Steel Society of Iran, Article 2, Volume 4, Issue 1, Summer and Autumn 2007, pages 8-15.
36-07 Duque Mesa A. F., Herrera J., Cruz L.J., Fernández G.P. y Martínez H.V., Caracterización Defectológica de Piezas Fundida por Lost Foam Casting Mediante Simulación Numérica, 8° Congreso Iberoamericano de Ingenieria Mecanica, Cusco, Peru, 23 al 25 de Octubre de 2007 (in Spanish)
27-07 A.Y. Korotchenko, A.M. Zarubin, I.A.Korotchenko, Modeling of High Pressure Die Casting Filling, Russian Foundryman, December 2007, pp 15-19. (in Russian)
26-07 I.N. Volnov, Modeling of Casting Processes with Variable Geometry, Russian Foundryman, November 2007, pp 27-30. (in Russian)
16-07 P. Väyrynen, S. Vapalahti, S. Louhenkilpi, L. Chatburn, M. Clark, T. Wagner, Tundish Flow Model Tuning and Validation – Steady State and Transient Casting Situations, STEELSIM 2007, Graz/Seggau, Austria, September 12-14 2007
11-07 Marco Actis Grande, Computer Simulation of the Investment Casting Process – Widening of the Filling Step, Santa Fe Symposium on Jewelry Manufacturing Technology, May 2007
09-07 Alexandre Reikher and Michael Barkhudarov, Casting: An Analytical Approach, Springer, 1st edition, August 2007, Hardcover ISBN: 978-1-84628-849-4. U.S. Order Form; Europe Order Form.
07-07 I.N. Volnov, Casting Modeling Systems – Current State, Problems and Perspectives, (in Russian), Liteyshik Rossii (Russian Foundryman), June 2007
05-07 A.N. Turchin, D.G. Eskin, and L. Katgerman, Solidification under Forced-Flow Conditions in a Shallow Cavity, DOI: 10.1007/s1161-007-9183-9, © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2007
04-07 A.N. Turchin, M. Zuijderwijk, J. Pool, D.G. Eskin, and L. Katgerman, Feathery grain growth during solidification under forced flow conditions, © Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.02.030, April 2007
03-07 S. Kuyucak, Sponsored Research – Clean Steel Casting Production—Evaluation of Laboratory Castings, Transactions of the American Foundry Society, Volume 115, 111th Metalcasting Congress, May 2007
02-07 Fu-Yuan Hsu, Mark R. Jolly and John Campbell, The Design of L-Shaped Runners for Gravity Casting, Shape Casting: 2nd International Symposium, Edited by Paul N. Crepeau, Murat Tiryakioðlu and John Campbell, TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), Orlando, FL, Feb 2007
30-06 X.J. Liu, S.H. Bhavnani, R.A. Overfelt, Simulation of EPS foam decomposition in the lost foam casting process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 182 (2007) 333–342, © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
25-06 Michael Barkhudarov and Gengsheng Wei, Modeling Casting on the Move, Modern Casting, August 2006; Modeling of Casting Processes with Variable Geometry, Russian Foundryman, December 2007, pp 10-15. (in Russian)
24-06 P. Scarber, Jr. and C.E. Bates, Simulation of Core Gas Production During Mold Fill, © 2006 American Foundry Society
7-06 M.Y.Smirnov, Y.V.Golenkov, Manufacturing of Cast Iron Bath Tubs Castings using Vacuum-Process in Russia, Russia’s Foundryman, July 2006. In Russian.
6-06 M. Barkhudarov, and G. Wei, Modeling of the Coupled Motion of Rigid Bodies in Liquid Metal, Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes – XI, May 28 – June 2, 2006, Opio, France, eds. Ch.-A. Gandin and M. Bellet, pp 71-78, 2006.
2-06 J.-C. Gebelin, M.R. Jolly and F.-Y. Hsu, ‘Designing-in’ Controlled Filling Using Numerical Simulation for Gravity Sand Casting of Aluminium Alloys, Int. J. Cast Met. Res., 2006, Vol.19 No.1
1-06 Michael Barkhudarov, Using Simulation to Control Microporosity Reduces Die Iterations, Die Casting Engineer, January 2006, pp. 52-54
30-05 H. Xue, K. Kabiri-Bamoradian, R.A. Miller, Modeling Dynamic Cavity Pressure and Impact Spike in Die Casting, Cast Expo ’05, April 16-19, 2005
22-05 Blas Melissari & Stavros A. Argyropoulous, Measurement of Magnitude and Direction of Velocity in High-Temperature Liquid Metals; Part I, Mathematical Modeling, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Volume 36B, October 2005, pp. 691-700
21-05 M.R. Jolly, State of the Art Review of Use of Modeling Software for Casting, TMS Annual Meeting, Shape Casting: The John Campbell Symposium, Eds, M. Tiryakioglu & P.N Crepeau, TMS, Warrendale, PA, ISBN 0-87339-583-2, Feb 2005, pp 337-346
20-05 J-C Gebelin, M.R. Jolly & F-Y Hsu, ‘Designing-in’ Controlled Filling Using Numerical Simulation for Gravity Sand Casting of Aluminium Alloys, TMS Annual Meeting, Shape Casting: The John Campbell Symposium, Eds, M. Tiryakioglu & P.N Crepeau, TMS, Warrendale, PA, ISBN 0-87339-583-2, Feb 2005, pp 355-364
19-05 F-Y Hsu, M.R. Jolly & J Campbell, Vortex Gate Design for Gravity Castings, TMS Annual Meeting, Shape Casting: The John Campbell Symposium, Eds, M. Tiryakioglu & P.N Crepeau, TMS, Warrendale, PA, ISBN 0-87339-583-2, Feb 2005, pp 73-82
18-05 M.R. Jolly, Modelling the Investment Casting Process: Problems and Successes, Japanese Foundry Society, JFS, Tokyo, Sept. 2005
13-05 Xiaogang Yang, Xiaobing Huang, Xiaojun Dai, John Campbell and Joe Tatler, Numerical Modelling of the Entrainment of Oxide Film Defects in Filling of Aluminium Alloy Castings, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 17 (6), 2004, 321-331
10-05 Carlos Evaristo Esparza, Martha P. Guerro-Mata, Roger Z. Ríos-Mercado, Optimal Design of Gating Systems by Gradient Search Methods, Computational Materials Science, October 2005
6-05 Birgit Hummler-Schaufler, Fritz Hirning, Jurgen Schaufler, A World First for Hatz Diesel and Schaufler Tooling, Die Casting Engineer, May 2005, pp. 18-21
4-05 Rolf Krack, The W35 Topic—A World First, Die Casting World, March 2005, pp. 16-17
3-05 Joerg Frei, Casting Simulations Speed Up Development, Die Casting World, March 2005, p. 14
2-05 David Goettsch and Michael Barkhudarov, Analysis and Optimization of the Transient Stage of Stopper-Rod Pour, Shape Casting: The John Campbell Symposium, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 2005
36-04 Ik Min Park, Il Dong Choi, Yong Ho Park, Development of Light-Weight Al Scroll Compressor for Car Air Conditioner, Materials Science Forum, Designing, Processing and Properties of Advanced Engineering Materials, 449-452, 149, March 2004.
32-04 D.H. Kirkwood and P.J Ward, Numerical Modelling of Semi-Solid Flow under Processing Conditions, steel research int. 75 (2004), No. 8/9
30-04 Haijing Mao, A Numerical Study of Externally Solidified Products in the Cold Chamber Die Casting Process, thesis: The Ohio State University, 2004 (Available upon request)
28-04 Z. Cao, Z. Yang, and X.L. Chen, Three-Dimensional Simulation of Transient GMA Weld Pool with Free Surface, Supplement to the Welding Journal, June 2004.
23-04 State of the Art Use of Computational Modelling in the Foundry Industry, 3rd International Conference Computational Modelling of Materials III, Sicily, Italy, June 2004, Advances in Science and Technology, Eds P. Vincenzini & A Lami, Techna Group Srl, Italy, ISBN: 88-86538-46-4, Part B, pp 479-490
22-04 Jerry Fireman, Computer Simulation Helps Reduce Scrap, Die Casting Engineer, May 2004, pp. 46-49
21-04 Joerg Frei, Simulation—A Safe and Quick Way to Good Components, Aluminium World, Volume 3, Issue 2, pp. 42-43
20-04 J.-C. Gebelin, M.R. Jolly, A. M. Cendrowicz, J. Cirre and S. Blackburn, Simulation of Die Filling for the Wax Injection Process – Part II Numerical Simulation, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, Volume 35B, August 2004
14-04 Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov, Charles H. Sherwin, and Ruel A. Overfelt, Hot Distortion Studies In Phenolic Urethane Cold Box System, American Foundry Society, 108th Casting Congress, June 12-15, 2004, Rosemont, IL, USA
13-04 Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov and Ruel A. Overfelt, First V-Process Casting of Magnesium, American Foundry Society, 108th Casting Congress, June 12-15, 2004, Rosemont, IL, USA
5-04 C. Schlumpberger & B. Hummler-Schaufler, Produktentwicklung auf hohem Niveau (Product Development on a High Level), Druckguss Praxis, January 2004, pp 39-42 (in German).
3-04 Charles Bates, Dealing with Defects, Foundry Management and Technology, February 2004, pp 23-25
1-04 Laihua Wang, Thang Nguyen, Gary Savage and Cameron Davidson, Thermal and Flow Modeling of Ladling and Injection in High Pressure Die Casting Process, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, vol. 16 No 4 2003, pp 409-417
2-03 J-C Gebelin, AM Cendrowicz, MR Jolly, Modeling of the Wax Injection Process for the Investment Casting Process – Prediction of Defects, presented at the Third International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Minerals and Process Industries, December 10-12, 2003, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 415-420
29-03 C. W. Hirt, Modeling Shrinkage Induced Micro-porosity, Flow Science Technical Note (FSI-03-TN66)
28-03 Thixoforming at the University of Sheffield, Diecasting World, September 2003, pp 11-12
26-03 William Walkington, Gas Porosity-A Guide to Correcting the Problems, NADCA Publication: 516
22-03 G F Yao, C W Hirt, and M Barkhudarov, Development of a Numerical Approach for Simulation of Sand Blowing and Core Formation, in Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Process-X”, Ed. By Stefanescu et al pp. 633-639, 2003
21-03 E F Brush Jr, S P Midson, W G Walkington, D T Peters, J G Cowie, Porosity Control in Copper Rotor Die Castings, NADCA Indianapolis Convention Center, Indianapolis, IN September 15-18, 2003, T03-046
12-03 J-C Gebelin & M.R. Jolly, Modeling Filters in Light Alloy Casting Processes, Trans AFS, 2002, 110, pp. 109-120
11-03 M.R. Jolly, Casting Simulation – How Well Do Reality and Virtual Casting Match – A State of the Art Review, Intl. J. Cast Metals Research, 2002, 14, pp. 303-313
10-03 Gebelin., J-C and Jolly, M.R., Modeling of the Investment Casting Process, Journal of Materials Processing Tech., Vol. 135/2-3, pp. 291 – 300
9-03 Cox, M, Harding, R.A. and Campbell, J., Optimised Running System Design for Bottom Filled Aluminium Alloy 2L99 Investment Castings, J. Mat. Sci. Tech., May 2003, Vol. 19, pp. 613-625
8-03 Von Alexander Schrey and Regina Reek, Numerische Simulation der Kernherstellung, (Numerical Simulation of Core Blowing), Giesserei, June 2003, pp. 64-68 (in German)
7-03 J. Zuidema Jr., L Katgerman, Cyclone separation of particles in aluminum DC Casting, Proceedings from the Tenth International Conference on Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes, Destin, FL, May 2003, pp. 607-614
6-03 Jean-Christophe Gebelin and Mark Jolly, Numerical Modeling of Metal Flow Through Filters, Proceedings from the Tenth International Conference on Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes, Destin, FL, May 2003, pp. 431-438
5-03 N.W. Lai, W.D. Griffiths and J. Campbell, Modelling of the Potential for Oxide Film Entrainment in Light Metal Alloy Castings, Proceedings from the Tenth International Conference on Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes, Destin, FL, May 2003, pp. 415-422
21-02 Boris Lukezic, Case History: Process Modeling Solves Die Design Problems, Modern Casting, February 2003, P 59
20-02 C.W. Hirt and M.R. Barkhudarov, Predicting Defects in Lost Foam Castings, Modern Casting, December 2002, pp 31-33
19-02 Mark Jolly, Mike Cox, Ric Harding, Bill Griffiths and John Campbell, Quiescent Filling Applied to Investment Castings, Modern Casting, December 2002 pp. 36-38
18-02 Simulation Helps Overcome Challenges of Thin Wall Magnesium Diecasting, Foundry Management and Technology, October 2002, pp 13-15
17-02 G Messmer, Simulation of a Thixoforging Process of Aluminum Alloys with FLOW-3D, Institute for Metal Forming Technology, University of Stuttgart
16-02 Barkhudarov, Michael, Computer Simulation of Lost Foam Process, Casting Simulation Background and Examples from Europe and the USA, World Foundrymen Organization, 2002, pp 319-324
15-02 Barkhudarov, Michael, Computer Simulation of Inclusion Tracking, Casting Simulation Background and Examples from Europe and the USA, World Foundrymen Organization, 2002, pp 341-346
14-02 Barkhudarov, Michael, Advanced Simulation of the Flow and Heat Transfer of an Alternator Housing, Casting Simulation Background and Examples from Europe and the USA, World Foundrymen Organization, 2002, pp 219-228
8-02 Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov, and Ruel A. Overfelt, Experimental and Numerical Study of Bonded Sand-Air Two-Phase Flow in PUA Process, Auburn University, 2002 American Foundry Society, AFS Transactions 02-091, Kansas City, MO
7-02 A Habibollah Zadeh, and J Campbell, Metal Flow Through a Filter System, University of Birmingham, 2002 American Foundry Society, AFS Transactions 02-020, Kansas City, MO
6-02 Phil Ward, and Helen Atkinson, Final Report for EPSRC Project: Modeling of Thixotropic Flow of Metal Alloys into a Die, GR/M17334/01, March 2002, University of Sheffield
5-02 S. I. Bakhtiyarov and R. A. Overfelt, Numerical and Experimental Study of Aluminum Casting in Vacuum-sealed Step Molding, Auburn University, 2002 American Foundry Society, AFS Transactions 02-050, Kansas City, MO
4-02 J. C. Gebelin and M. R. Jolly, Modelling Filters in Light Alloy Casting Processes, University of Birmingham, 2002 American Foundry Society AFS Transactions 02-079, Kansas City, MO
3-02 Mark Jolly, Mike Cox, Jean-Christophe Gebelin, Sam Jones, and Alex Cendrowicz, Fundamentals of Investment Casting (FOCAST), Modelling the Investment Casting Process, Some preliminary results from the UK Research Programme, IRC in Materials, University of Birmingham, UK, AFS2001
49-01 Hua Bai and Brian G. Thomas, Bubble formation during horizontal gas injection into downward-flowing liquid, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 1143-1159, 2001. doi.org/10.1007/s11663-001-0102-y
45-01 Jan Zuidema; Laurens Katgerman; Ivo J. Opstelten;Jan M. Rabenberg, Secondary Cooling in DC Casting: Modelling and Experimental Results, TMS 2001, New Orleans, Louisianna, February 11-15, 2001
43-01 James Andrew Yurko, Fluid Flow Behavior of Semi-Solid Aluminum at High Shear Rates,Ph.D. thesis; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2001. Abstract only; full thesis available at http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/8451 (for a fee).
33-01 Juang, S.H., CAE Application on Design of Die Casting Dies, 2001 Conference on CAE Technology and Application, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, November 2001, (article in Chinese with English-language abstract)
32-01 Juang, S.H. and C. M. Wang, Effect of Feeding Geometry on Flow Characteristics of Magnesium Die Casting by Numerical Analysis, The Preceedings of 6th FADMA Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, July 2001, Chinese language with English abstract
26-01 C. W. Hirt., Predicting Defects in Lost Foam Castings, December 13, 2001
21-01 P. Scarber Jr., Using Liquid Free Surface Areas as a Predictor of Reoxidation Tendency in Metal Alloy Castings, presented at the Steel Founders’ Society of American, Technical and Operating Conference, October 2001
20-01 P. Scarber Jr., J. Griffin, and C. E. Bates, The Effect of Gating and Pouring Practice on Reoxidation of Steel Castings, presented at the Steel Founders’ Society of American, Technical and Operating Conference, October 2001
19-01 L. Wang, T. Nguyen, M. Murray, Simulation of Flow Pattern and Temperature Profile in the Shot Sleeve of a High Pressure Die Casting Process, CSIRO Manufacturing Science and Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Presented by North American Die Casting Association, Oct 29-Nov 1, 2001, Cincinnati, To1-014
18-01 Rajiv Shivpuri, Venkatesh Sankararaman, Kaustubh Kulkarni, An Approach at Optimizing the Ingate Design for Reducing Filling and Shrinkage Defects, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, Presented by North American Die Casting Association, Oct 29-Nov 1, 2001, Cincinnati, TO1-052
5-01 Michael Barkhudarov, Simulation Helps Overcome Challenges of Thin Wall Magnesium Diecasting, Diecasting World, March 2001, pp. 5-6
2-01 J. Grindling, Customized CFD Codes to Simulate Casting of Thermosets in Full 3D, Electrical Manufacturing and Coil Winding 2000 Conference, October 31-November 2, 20
20-00 Richard Schuhmann, John Carrig, Thang Nguyen, Arne Dahle, Comparison of Water Analogue Modelling and Numerical Simulation Using Real-Time X-Ray Flow Data in Gravity Die Casting, Australian Die Casting Association Die Casting 2000 Conference, September 3-6, 2000, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
15-00 M. Sirvio, Vainola, J. Vartianinen, M. Vuorinen, J. Orkas, and S. Devenyi, Fluid Flow Analysis for Designing Gating of Aluminum Castings, Proc. NADCA Conf., Rosemont, IL, Nov 6-8, 1999
14-00 X. Yang, M. Jolly, and J. Campbell, Reduction of Surface Turbulence during Filling of Sand Castings Using a Vortex-flow Runner, Conference for Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Processes IX, Aachen, Germany, August 2000
13-00 H. S. H. Lo and J. Campbell, The Modeling of Ceramic Foam Filters, Conference for Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Processes IX, Aachen, Germany, August 2000
12-00 M. R. Jolly, H. S. H. Lo, M. Turan and J. Campbell, Use of Simulation Tools in the Practical Development of a Method for Manufacture of Cast Iron Camshafts,” Conference for Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Processes IX, Aachen, Germany, August, 2000
14-99 J Koke, and M Modigell, Time-Dependent Rheological Properties of Semi-solid Metal Alloys, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Aachen University of Technology, Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials 3: 15-30, 1999
12-99 Grun, Gerd-Ulrich, Schneider, Wolfgang, Ray, Steven, Marthinusen, Jan-Olaf, Recent Improvements in Ceramic Foam Filter Design by Coupled Heat and Fluid Flow Modeling, Proc TMS Annual Meeting, 1999, pp. 1041-1047
10-99 Bongcheol Park and Jerald R. Brevick, Computer Flow Modeling of Cavity Pre-fill Effects in High Pressure Die Casting, NADCA Proceedings, Cleveland T99-011, November, 1999
8-99 Brad Guthrie, Simulation Reduces Aluminum Die Casting Cost by Reducing Volume, Die Casting Engineer Magazine, September/October 1999, pp. 78-81
7-99 Fred L. Church, Virtual Reality Predicts Cast Metal Flow, Modern Metals, September, 1999, pp. 67F-J
19-98 Grun, Gerd-Ulrich, & Schneider, Wolfgang, Numerical Modeling of Fluid Flow Phenomena in the Launder-integrated Tool Within Casting Unit Development, Proc TMS Annual Meeting, 1998, pp. 1175-1182
18-98 X. Yang & J. Campbell, Liquid Metal Flow in a Pouring Basin, Int. J. Cast Metals Res, 1998, 10, pp. 239-253
15-98 R. Van Tol, Mould Filling of Horizontal Thin-Wall Castings, Delft University Press, The Netherlands, 1998
14-98 J. Daughtery and K. A. Williams, Thermal Modeling of Mold Material Candidates for Copper Pressure Die Casting of the Induction Motor Rotor Structure, Proc. Int’l Workshop on Permanent Mold Casting of Copper-Based Alloys, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Oct. 15-16, 1998
10-98 C. W. Hirt, and M.R. Barkhudarov, Lost Foam Casting Simulation with Defect Prediction, Flow Science Inc, presented at Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes VIII Conference, June 7-12, 1998, Catamaran Hotel, San Diego, California
9-98 M. R. Barkhudarov and C. W. Hirt, Tracking Defects, Flow Science Inc, presented at the 1st International Aluminum Casting Technology Symposium, 12-14 October 1998, Rosemont, IL
5-98 J. Righi, Computer Simulation Helps Eliminate Porosity, Die Casting Management Magazine, pp. 36-38, January 1998
3-98 P. Kapranos, M. R. Barkhudarov, D. H. Kirkwood, Modeling of Structural Breakdown during Rapid Compression of Semi-Solid Alloy Slugs, Dept. Engineering Materials, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K. and Flow Science Inc, USA, Presented at the 5th International Conference Semi-Solid Processing of Alloys and Composites, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 23-25 June 1998
1-98 U. Jerichow, T. Altan, and P. R. Sahm, Semi Solid Metal Forming of Aluminum Alloys-The Effect of Process Variables Upon Material Flow, Cavity Fill and Mechanical Properties, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, published in Die Casting Engineer, p. 26, Jan/Feb 1998
8-97 Michael Barkhudarov, High Pressure Die Casting Simulation Using FLOW-3D, Die Casting Engineer, 1997
15-97 M. R. Barkhudarov, Advanced Simulation of the Flow and Heat Transfer Process in Simultaneous Engineering, Flow Science report, presented at the Casting 1997 – International ADI and Simulation Conference, Helsinki, Finland, May 28-30, 1997
14-97 M. Ranganathan and R. Shivpuri, Reducing Scrap and Increasing Die Life in Low Pressure Die Casting through Flow Simulation and Accelerated Testing, Dept. Welding and Systems Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, presented at 19th International Die Casting Congress & Exposition, November 3-6, 1997
13-97 J. Koke, Modellierung und Simulation der Fließeigenschaften teilerstarrter Metallegierungen, Livt Information, Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, RWTH Aachen, October 1997
10-97 J. P. Greene and J. O. Wilkes, Numerical Analysis of Injection Molding of Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics – Part 2 Fiber Orientation, Body-in-White Center, General Motors Corp. and Dept. Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 37, No. 6, June 1997
9-97 J. P. Greene and J. O. Wilkes, Numerical Analysis of Injection Molding of Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics. Part 1 – Injection Pressures and Flow, Manufacturing Center, General Motors Corp. and Dept. Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 37, No. 3, March 1997
8-97 H. Grazzini and D. Nesa, Thermophysical Properties, Casting Simulation and Experiments for a Stainless Steel, AT Systemes (Renault) report, presented at the Solidification Processing ’97 Conference, July 7-10, 1997, Sheffield, U.K.
7-97 R. Van Tol, L. Katgerman and H. E. A. Van den Akker, Horizontal Mould Filling of a Thin Wall Aluminum Casting, Laboratory of Materials report, Delft University, presented at the Solidification Processing ’97 Conference, July 7-10, 1997, Sheffield, U.K.
6-97 M. R. Barkhudarov, Is Fluid Flow Important for Predicting Solidification, Flow Science report, presented at the Solidification Processing ’97 Conference, July 7-10, 1997, Sheffield, U.K.
22-96 Grun, Gerd-Ulrich & Schneider, Wolfgang, 3-D Modeling of the Start-up Phase of DC Casting of Sheet Ingots, Proc TMS Annual Meeting, 1996, pp. 971-981
9-96 M. R. Barkhudarov and C. W. Hirt, Thixotropic Flow Effects under Conditions of Strong Shear, Flow Science report FSI96-00-2, to be presented at the “Materials Week ’96” TMS Conference, Cincinnati, OH, 7-10 October 1996
4-96 C. W. Hirt, A Computational Model for the Lost Foam Process, Flow Science final report, February 1996 (FSI-96-57-R2)
3-96 M. R. Barkhudarov, C. L. Bronisz, C. W. Hirt, Three-Dimensional Thixotropic Flow Model, Flow Science report, FSI-96-00-1, published in the proceedings of (pp. 110- 114) and presented at the 4th International Conference on Semi-Solid Processing of Alloys and Composites, The University of Sheffield, 19-21 June 1996
1-96 M. R. Barkhudarov, J. Beech, K. Chang, and S. B. Chin, Numerical Simulation of Metal/Mould Interfacial Heat Transfer in Casting, Dept. Mech. & Process Engineering, Dept. Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield and Flow Science Inc, 9th Int. Symposium on Transport Phenomena in Thermal-Fluid Engineering, June 25-28, 1996, Singapore
11-95 Barkhudarov, M. R., Hirt, C.W., Casting Simulation Mold Filling and Solidification-Benchmark Calculations Using FLOW-3D, Modeling of Casting, Welding, and Advanced Solidification Processes VII, pp 935-946
10-95 Grun, Gerd-Ulrich, & Schneider, Wolfgang, Optimal Design of a Distribution Pan for Level Pour Casting, Proc TMS Annual Meeting, 1995, pp. 1061-1070
9-95 E. Masuda, I. Itoh, K. Haraguchi, Application of Mold Filling Simulation to Die Casting Processes, Honda Engineering Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan, presented at the Modelling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes VII, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1995
6-95 K. Venkatesan, Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Process Parameters on the Erosive Wear of Die Casting Dies, presented for Ph.D. degree at Ohio State University, 1995
5-95 J. Righi, A. F. LaCamera, S. A. Jones, W. G. Truckner, T. N. Rouns, Integration of Experience and Simulation Based Understanding in the Die Design Process, Alcoa Technical Center, Alcoa Center, PA 15069, presented by the North American Die Casting Association, 1995
2-95 K. Venkatesan and R. Shivpuri, Numerical Simulation and Comparison with Water Modeling Studies of the Inertia Dominated Cavity Filling in Die Casting, NUMIFORM, 1995
1-95 K. Venkatesan and R. Shivpuri, Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Gate Velocity and Gate Size on the Quality of Die Casting Parts, NAMRC, 1995.
15-94 D. Liang, Y. Bayraktar, S. A. Moir, M. Barkhudarov, and H. Jones, Primary Silicon Segregation During Isothermal Holding of Hypereutectic AI-18.3%Si Alloy in the Freezing Range, Dept. of Engr. Materials, U. of Sheffield, Metals and Materials, February 1994
13-94 Deniece Korzekwa and Paul Dunn, A Combined Experimental and Modeling Approach to Uranium Casting, Materials Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, presented at the Symposium on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting, El Dorado Hotel, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 1994
12-94 R. van Tol, H. E. A. van den Akker and L. Katgerman, CFD Study of the Mould Filling of a Horizontal Thin Wall Aluminum Casting, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, HTD-Vol. 284/AMD-Vol. 182, Transport Phenomena in Solidification, ASME 1994
11-94 M. R. Barkhudarov and K. A. Williams, Simulation of ‘Surface Turbulence’ Fluid Phenomena During the Mold Filling Phase of Gravity Castings, Flow Science Technical Note #41, November 1994 (FSI-94-TN41)
10-94 M. R. Barkhudarov and S. B. Chin, Stability of a Numerical Algorithm for Gas Bubble Modelling, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K., International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, Vol. 19, 415-437 (1994)
16-93 K. Venkatesan and R. Shivpuri, Numerical Simulation of Die Cavity Filling in Die Castings and an Evaluation of Process Parameters on Die Wear, Dept. of Industrial Systems Engineering, Presented by: N.A. Die Casting Association, Cleveland, Ohio, October 18-21, 1993
15-93 K. Venkatesen and R. Shivpuri, Numerical Modeling of Filling and Solidification for Improved Quality of Die Casting: A Literature Survey (Chapters II and III), Engineering Research Center for Net Shape Manufacturing, Report C-93-07, August 1993, Ohio State University
1-93 P-E Persson, Computer Simulation of the Solidification of a Hub Carrier for the Volvo 800 Series, AB Volvo Technological Development, Metals Laboratory, Technical Report No. LM 500014E, Jan. 1993
13-92 D. R. Korzekwa, M. A. K. Lewis, Experimentation and Simulation of Gravity Fed Lead Castings, in proceedings of a TMS Symposium on Concurrent Engineering Approach to Materials Processing, S. N. Dwivedi, A. J. Paul and F. R. Dax, eds., TMS-AIME Warrendale, p. 155 (1992)
12-92 M. A. K. Lewis, Near-Net-Shaiconpe Casting Simulation and Experimentation, MST 1992 Review, Los Alamos National Laboratory
2-92 M. R. Barkhudarov, H. You, J. Beech, S. B. Chin, D. H. Kirkwood, Validation and Development of FLOW-3D for Casting, School of Materials, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, presented at the TMS/AIME Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, March 3, 1992
1-92 D. R. Korzekwa and L. A. Jacobson, Los Alamos National Laboratory and C.W. Hirt, Flow Science Inc, Modeling Planar Flow Casting with FLOW-3D, presented at the TMS/AIME Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, March 3, 1992
12-91 R. Shivpuri, M. Kuthirakulathu, and M. Mittal, Nonisothermal 3-D Finite Difference Simulation of Cavity Filling during the Die Casting Process, Dept. Industrial and Systems Engineering, Ohio State University, presented at the 1991 Winter Annual ASME Meeting, Atlanta, GA, Dec. 1-6, 1991
3-91 C. W. Hirt, A FLOW-3D Study of the Importance of Fluid Momentum in Mold Filling, presented at the 18th Annual Automotive Materials Symposium, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, May 1-2, 1991 (FSI-91-00-2)
11-90 N. Saluja, O.J. Ilegbusi, and J. Szekely, On the Calculation of the Electromagnetic Force Field in the Circular Stirring of Metallic Melts, accepted in J. Appl. Physics, 1990
10-90 N. Saluja, O. J. Ilegbusi, and J. Szekely, On the Calculation of the Electromagnetic Force Field in the Circular Stirring of Metallic Molds in Continuous Castings, presented at the 6th Iron and Steel Congress of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, Nagoya, Japan, October 1990
9-90 N. Saluja, O. J. Ilegbusi, and J. Szekely, Fluid Flow in Phenomena in the Electromagnetic Stirring of Continuous Casting Systems, Part I. The Behavior of a Cylindrically Shaped, Laboratory Scale Installation, accepted for publication in Steel Research, 1990
8-89 C. W. Hirt, Gravity-Fed Casting, Flow Science Technical Note #20, July 1989 (FSI-89-TN20)
6-89 E. W. M. Hansen and F. Syvertsen, Numerical Simulation of Flow Behaviour in Moldfilling for Casting Analysis, SINTEF-Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Report No. STS20 A89001, June 1989
1-88 C. W. Hirt and R. P. Harper, Modeling Tests for Casting Processes, Flow Science report, Jan. 1988 (FSI-88-38-01)
2-87 C. W. Hirt, Addition of a Solidification/Melting Model to FLOW-3D, Flow Science report, April 1987 (FSI-87-33-1)
다음은 자동차 관련 기술 문서 모음입니다.
이 모든 논문은 FLOW-3D 결과를 포함하고 있습니다. FLOW-3D 를 사용하여 자동차 산업의 어플리케이션을 성공적으로 시뮬레이션 하는 방법에 대해 자세히 알아보십시오.
Below is a collection of technical papers in our Automotive Bibliography. All of these papers feature FLOW-3D results. Learn more about how FLOW-3D can be used to successfully simulate applications for the Automotive Industry.
2024년 8월 12일 Update
159-22 Shihao Li, Yan Yan, Wei Wei, Zhao Wang, Zhonghua Ni, Numerical simulation on the thermal dynamic behavior of liquid hydrogen in a storage tank for trailers, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 40; 102520, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.102520
53-22 Ilias Papadimitriou, Michael Just, Manufacturing of structural components for internal combustion engine, electric motor and battery using casting and 3D printing, Advances in Engine and Powertrain Research and Technology, Mechanisms and Machine Science 114, Ed. Tigran Parikyan, 2022. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91869-9_15
33-21 Xiaozhou Hu Ao Wang Pingping Li Jianing Wang, Influence of dynamic attitudes on oil supply for bearings and churning power losses in a splash lubricated spiral bevel gearbox, Tribology International, 159; 106951, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2021.106951
64-18 Vasilios Fourlakidis, Ilia Belov and Attila Diószegi, Strength prediction for pearlitic lamellar graphite iron: Model validation, Metals, Vol. 8, No. 9, 2018. doi.org/10.3390/met8090684
43-18 R.A. Ibrahim and B. Singh, Assessment of ground vehicle tankers interacting with liquid sloshing dynamics, International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems, vol. 25, no. 1, 2018. doi.org/10.1504/IJHVS.2018.089894
34-17 Hidenori Arisawa, Yuji Shinoda, Mitsuaki Tanaka, Tatsuhiko Goi, Hirofumi Akahori and Mamoru Yoshitomi, Classification of Fluid Dynamic Loss in Aeroengine Transmission Gears – Experimental Analysis and CFD Validation, Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, GT2017, June 26-30, 2017, Charlotte, NC, USA.
26-15 Herbert Obame Mve, Romuald Rullière and Philippe Haberschill, Modeling and Parametric Study of the Heat Transfer Inside a Lithium Bromide Flow Confined by Wire Screen, Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 9 (2015) 417-425, doi: 10.17265/1934-8975/2015.05.001
17-15 Peyman Jafarian, Gear interlocking effect study using CFD, published online April 2015.
23-14 Daiki Saegusa and Shinji Kawai, CFD Analysis of Lubricant Fluid Flow in Automotive Transmission, SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1772, 2014, doi:10.4271/2014-01-1772, Copyright © 2014 SAE International.
15-14 Hidenori Arisawa, Motohiko Nishimura, Hideyuki Imai and Tatsuhiko Goi, CFD Simulations and Experiments for Reduction of Oil Churning Loss and Windage Loss in Aeroengine Transmission Gears, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, ASME, doi:10.1115/1.4026952, 2014.
87-13 Daiki Saegusa and Shinji Kawai, Technique for Prediction of Automotive Transmission Lubrication Performance, Honda R&D Technical Review, October 2013.
26-13 Hidenori Arisawa, Motohiko Nishimura, Hideyuki Imai, Kenichiro Tanaka, and Tatsuhiko Goi, CFD Simulations and Experiments for Reduction of Oil Churning Loss and Windage Loss on Aeroengine Transmission Gears, No. 2012-JCT-0705, © 2013 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. In Japanese.
53-09 Hidenori Arisawa, Motohiko Nishimura, Hideyuki Imai and Tatsuhiko Goi, CFD Simulation for Reduction of Oil Churning Loss and Windage Loss on Aeroengine Transmission Gears, ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea and Air, Orlando, Florida, USA, June 8-12, 2009.
45-09 Chih-Chung Chang, Sy-Chi Kuo, Chen-Kang Huang, and Sih-Li Chen, The Investigation of Motor Cooling Performance, International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, 3:1, 2009.
37-04 U, H., Cleghorn, W. and Mills, J., Design and Analysis of Fuel Tank Baffles to Reduce the Noise Generated From Fuel Sloshing, SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0403, 2004, doi:10.4271/2004-01-0403.
38-03 Hidenori Arisawa, Katsuya Umemoto, Atsushi Ueshima and Yuichi Kawamoto, CFD Simulation of the Lubricating Oil Flow in Motorcycle Oilpan, 2003 SAE/JSAE Small Engine Technology, Conference & Exhibition, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, September 15-18, 2003.
본 자료는 국내 사용자들의 편의를 위해 원문 번역을 해서 제공하기 때문에 일부 오역이 있을 수 있어서 원문과 함께 수록합니다. 자료를 이용하실 때 참고하시기 바랍니다.
Numerical methods used to solve the equations for fluid flow and heat transfer most often employ one or more iteration procedures. By their nature, iterative solution methods require a convergence criteria that is used to decide when the iterations can be terminated.
유체 흐름 및 열전달 방정식을 풀기 위해 사용하는 수치 법은 하나 이상의 반복적 인 방법이 채용되고 있습니다. 특성상 반복 해법은 언제 반복을 중지 할 수 있는지를 결정하는 수렴 조건이 필요합니다.
In many cases, iteration methods are supplemented with relaxation techniques. For example, over-relaxation is often used to accelerate the convergence of pressure-velocity iteration methods, which are needed to satisfy an incompressible flow condition. Under-relaxation is sometimes used to achieve numerically stable results when all the flow equations are implicitly coupled together.
종종 반복적인 방법은 완화 법으로 보완됩니다. 예를 들어,과 완화는 압력 – 속도 반복 방법의 융합을 가속화하는 데 사용되는 경우가 많으며, 이것은 비압축성 흐름 조건을 충족해야합니다. 부족 완화는 모든 흐름 방정식이 음으로 결합되어있을 때, 수치적으로 안정된 결과를 얻기 위해 가끔 사용됩니다.
The amount of over or under-relaxation used can be critical. Too much leads to numerical instabilities, while too little slows down convergence. Similarly, a poorly chosen convergence criteria can lead to either poor results (when too loose) or excessive computational times (when too tight).
사용하는 over or under-relaxation의 양이 중요 할 수 있습니다. 너무 많으면 수치적으로 불안정 해지고 너무 작으면 수렴 속도가 느려집니다. 마찬가지로 수렴 조건을 잘못 선택하면 결과의 질이 나빠지거나 (너무 느슨한 경우) 계산 시간이 너무 길어 지거나 (너무 엄격 경우) 할 수 있습니다.
Selecting proper relaxation and convergence criteria can be a difficult and frustrating experience for users of computational fluid dynamics software. The criteria depend on the specifics of the problem being solved, which may change during the evolution of a problem. Unfortunately, there are no universal guidelines for selecting criteria because they depend not only on the physical processes being approximated, but also on the details of the numerical formulation. Many CFD programs have a standard set of recommended criteria, but users must often resort to trial-and-error adjustments to get good results.
적절한 완화 조건 및 수렴 조건을 선택하는 것은 전산 유체 역학 (CFD) 소프트웨어의 사용자에게 어렵고 초조한 작업이 될 수 있습니다. 조건은 해결되는 문제의 특성에 따라 다르지만, 이러한 특성은 문제가 발전하는 과정에서 변경 될 수 있습니다. 불행히도 조건을 선택할 때의 일반적인 지침은 없습니다. 근사되는 물리적 과정뿐만 아니라 수치 공식 상세도 관련되기 때문입니다. 많은 CFD 프로그램에 권장되는 조건의 표준 세트가 포함되어 있지만, 많은 경우 좋은 결과를 얻기 위해서는 시행 착오에 의한 조정을 할 필요가 있습니다.
FLOW-3D users are exempt from these difficulties because all relaxation and convergence criteria are selected by the program itself. Further, all selections are adjusted dynamically by the program to follow the development of the solution. Of course, users can always override the automatically selected criteria for special cases. One such case would be the use of a very large convergence criteria and no over-relaxation as a way to reach steady-state conditions with less CPU time.
FLOW-3D를 사용하면 완화 및 수렴 조건이 모두 프로그램 자체에 의해 선택되기 때문에 이런 고생은 필요하지 않습니다. 또한, 모든 선택이 솔루션의 발전에 따라 프로그램에 의해 동적으로 조정됩니다. 물론 특수한 경우에는 자동으로 선택된 조건을 사용자가 언제든지 무시할 수 있습니다. 이러한 경우는 예를 들어, 매우 큰 수렴 조건을 사용하여 오버 완화를 사용하지 않고 적은 CPU 시간에서 정상 상태에 도달하기위한 경우 등입니다.
잉크젯은 높은 품질의 디지털 인쇄를 생산하기 위해 생성되는 몇 가지 방법이 있습니다. 하나의 효과적인 방법은 노즐에서 잉크를 밀어 확장 및 토출되는 잉크를 밀어 다시 노즐 안으로 잉크를 빨아 잉크의 증기 거품을 만드는 것입니다. 이 유체 동력학 공정은 유체와 증기 모두에 대해서 열전달, 상 변화, 압력 역학의 복잡한 혼합을 포함하게 됩니다.
Comparison between physical experiments (top row) and simulation (bottom row) – Early experimental device configuration. Image courtesy of Eastman Kodak.
전류가 상기 이젝터의 베이스에 heater를 통과 할 때 아래 그림 어떻게 증기 기포가 형성되는지를 나타냅니다. 잉크의 증발에 의한 버블 형성은 운동 이론 상 변화 모델의 적용을 받습니다. 거품을 확장하기 시작하고 증기 기포의 표면에 응축 냉각 직후의 원인이 차례로 핀치 오프 노즐에서 추력 잉크를 일으키고 붕괴합니다. 표면 장력과 점성 힘은 잉크젯 및 이산 방울로의 전환의 역학을 크게 적용 받습니다.
The features in blue are newly-released in FLOW-3D v12.0.
