Comparison-of-waves-overtopping-discharge

FLOW-3D 소프트웨어를 이용한 Wave Dragon 장치의 안내벽 각도가 월류 유량에 미치는 영향 연구

연구 배경 및 목적

  • 문제 정의: 파력 에너지 변환 장치(Wave Energy Converter, WEC)는 파도의 에너지를 전기로 변환하는 장치로, 그중 Wave Dragon은 월류 방식(overtopping)을 이용하는 대표적인 WEC 중 하나이다.
  • 연구 목적: Wave Dragon 장치의 안내벽(Reflector) 각도가 월류 유량(overtopping discharge)에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 최적의 안내벽 각도를 도출하는 것.
  • 접근법: CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) 소프트웨어인 FLOW-3D를 활용하여 안내벽 각도와 파고(wave height) 변화에 따른 월류 유량을 시뮬레이션하고 실험 데이터와 비교 분석.

연구 방법

  1. Wave Dragon 장치 개요
    • Wave Dragon은 세 가지 주요 구성 요소로 이루어짐:
      1. 안내벽(Guiding Walls): 파도를 유도하여 경사면(Ramp)으로 향하게 함.
      2. 경사면(Ramp): 파도를 저수조(Reservoir)로 유입시킴.
      3. 수력 터빈(Hydro Turbines): 저수조에 저장된 물이 터빈을 통과하면서 전기를 생산.
  2. FLOW-3D 기반 수치 모델링
    • Navier-Stokes 방정식 및 연속 방정식을 사용하여 유체 흐름을 모델링.
    • VOF(Volume of Fluid) 기법을 활용하여 자유 수면을 해석.
    • 메쉬 설정: 격자 독립성 검토를 통해 최적의 해상도를 확보.
    • 실험 데이터 검증: 기존 연구 및 실험 결과와 시뮬레이션 결과를 비교하여 모델 신뢰성 평가.
  3. 시뮬레이션 변수
    • 파고(Wave Height): 0.2m ~ 1.5m 범위에서 변화.
    • 안내벽 각도(Guiding Wall Angle): 50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, 90°.
    • 월류량 측정: 안내벽 각도 및 파고에 따른 월류 유량을 비교 분석.

주요 결과

  1. 안내벽 각도와 월류량의 관계
    • 안내벽 각도가 80°에서 최대 월류량을 기록.
    • 50°, 60°, 70°에서는 월류량이 감소하며, 90°에서는 파도의 속도가 낮아져 월류량이 다소 감소.
  2. 파고와 월류량의 관계
    • 파고가 증가할수록 월류량이 증가하는 경향을 보임.
    • 1.5m 파고에서 가장 높은 월류량이 발생.
  3. 시뮬레이션과 실험 데이터 비교
    • FLOW-3D 시뮬레이션 결과와 실험 데이터 간 오차는 평균 15% 이내로, 모델이 신뢰할 만한 정확도를 보임.

결론 및 향후 연구

  • 결론:
    • Wave Dragon 장치의 안내벽 각도가 월류 유량에 중요한 영향을 미치며, 80°가 최적의 각도로 나타남.
    • 90° 이상에서는 파도 반사가 줄어들어 효율이 낮아지고, 50°~70°에서는 월류 유량이 감소함.
  • 향후 연구 방향:
    • 실험적 검증을 확장하여 다양한 해양 조건에서의 성능 평가.
    • 터빈 효율을 고려한 최적의 수력 에너지 변환 설계 연구.
    • 다중 안내벽 설계 및 추가적인 CFD 기법 적용을 통한 성능 개선.

연구의 의의

이 연구는 Wave Dragon과 같은 월류형 WEC의 성능을 최적화하기 위한 CFD 기반 설계 평가 방법을 제시하며, 파력 발전 시스템의 효율성을 향상시키기 위한 실용적인 가이드라인을 제공한다.

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