Figure 3. Comparison of the best-performing uMLIP across all benchmark datasets, showing (a) energy RMSE and (b) force RMSE. In each panel, the best-performing uMLIP is indicated on the bar for each dataset. The two dashed lines in (a) indicate energy RMSE values of 5 and 10 meV/atom, while the dashed line in (b) indicates a force RMSE value of 70 meV/atom.

Figure 3. Comparison of the best-performing uMLIP across all benchmark datasets, showing (a) energy RMSE and (b) force RMSE. In each panel, the best-performing uMLIP is indicated on the bar for each dataset. The two dashed lines in (a) indicate energy RMSE values of 5 and 10 meV/atom, while the dashed line in (b) indicates a force RMSE value of 70 meV/atom.